CN115323185A - Production method of high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting - Google Patents
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003181 Panax pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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Abstract
The application discloses a production method for high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting in the technical field of electroslag remelting, and an electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following chemical elements CaF 2 、CaO、MgO、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、SiO 2 (ii) a The smelting process comprises the following steps: s1, preparing an electrode blank, wherein the percentage of chemical elements of the electrode blank is controlled as follows: 0.03 to 0.06, si:0.2 to 0.5, mn: 1.3-1.8, P is less than or equal to 0.030, S is less than or equal to 0.020, cr:17.30 to 17.80, ni:8.00 to 11.80. Ti:0.0 to 0.8, al:0 to 0.20; s2, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system, weighing the electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion before smelting, and mixing to prepare an electroslag blank; and S3, electroslag remelting, namely assembling the electrode blank, a remelting furnace, a water-cooled crystallizer and the electroslag blank for remelting. The scheme improves the comprehensive yield of the electroslag steel and improves the quality of the material object; the smelting power consumption and the production cost of electroslag steel production are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroslag remelting, in particular to a production method of high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the fields of aerospace, aviation, war industry, nuclear energy and the like in China, the requirements on the performance of novel special material products are higher and higher, and the requirements on high purity, component uniformity, tissue uniformity and the like are provided for the special stainless steel; electroslag remelting (ESR) is a special metallurgical method for remelting and refining metals or alloys by using resistance heat generated when current passes through slag in a water-cooled crystallizer, and solidifying the metals or alloys into steel ingots or castings in sequence, and specifically comprises the following steps: after electrification, current generates resistance heat through liquid slag, a consumable electrode (initial smelting cast and forged steel ingot) is melted into liquid drops under the action of the resistance heat of a molten slag pool, molten steel passes through the slag pool under the action of gravity, a shallow and flat metal molten pool (namely molten steel) is formed below the slag pool, and then the molten steel is gradually solidified (the metal molten pool and the slag pool continuously move upwards) under the forced cooling action of a water-cooled crystallizer to form an electroslag ingot with excellent quality.
The Ti-containing varieties of the special metallurgical stainless steel at the present stage mainly comprise 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr20Ni24Si4Ti, 1Cr19Ni11Si4ALTi and the like, and because the chemical components of the steel varieties contain easily-oxidizable elements Ti and Al, the Ti and Al are more active in property in the electroslag remelting process and easily react with other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like in the electroslag remelting process, the content of the Ti and Al elements in the steel ingot is reduced, and new harmful inclusions are formed; the yield of easily-oxidizable elements such as Ti, al and the like is unstable, the surface quality of the electroslag ingot is poor, particularly a slag channel at the large head (tail end) of the steel ingot is serious, and the electroslag steel ingot cracks and even breaks and is scrapped during forging due to serious slag inclusion in the electroslag steel ingot; the brittle inclusions (mainly the fine system of D-type inclusions) of low carbon stainless steel such as 0Cr18Ni9 and 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb are out of limits in other stainless steel species.
After the electroslag steel ingot produced by the traditional process is subjected to hot processing, after the head and the tail are cut off according to the specification, the low-power one-time qualification rate is only 88.06 percent through sampling detection, the product quality requirement can be met only by reducing the yield through increasing the proportion of head cutting and tail cutting, and the unqualified low-power quality defects are mainly (about 80 percent) low-power defects of slag inclusion, inclusion and cracks of the Ti-containing steel through statistical analysis.
Therefore, the product quality of the electroslag steel is ensured to meet the requirements of relevant standards and user additional technical agreements through the attack of the key technology for controlling the special steel quality of the electroslag remelting; the one-time qualification rate of low times is increased, the comprehensive yield of the electroslag ingot is improved, meanwhile, the production cost is reduced, the quality is improved, and the market competitiveness of the product is improved very urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method for high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting, and provides a production method for increasing the one-time qualification rate of low-power and improving the comprehensive yield of electroslag ingots.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the production method of the high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting is characterized in that electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following chemical elements: caF 2 、CaO、MgO、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、SiO 2 The smelting process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an electrode blank, and controlling the chemical element percentage of the electrode blank: c:0.03 to 0.06, si:0.2 to 0.5, mn: 1.3-1.8, P is less than or equal to 0.030, S is less than or equal to 0.020, cr:17.30 to 17.80, ni: 8.00-11.80, ti:0.0 to 0.8, al:0 to 0.20;
s2, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system, weighing the electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion before smelting, and mixing to prepare an electroslag blank;
and S3, electroslag remelting, namely assembling the electrode blank, a remelting furnace, a water-cooled crystallizer and the electroslag blank for remelting.
Further, when the Ti-containing stainless steel is produced by electroslag remelting, the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following components, caF 2 ：48％～58％、CaO：18％～22％、MgO：1％～5％、Al 2 O 3 ：15％～25％、TiO 2 ：3％～5％、SiO 2 ≤0.6％。
Further, when the stainless steel without Ti is produced by electroslag remelting, the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following components, caF 2 ：55％～65％、CaO：18％～22％、MgO：2％～4％、Al 2 O 3 ：15％～25％、TiO 2 ≤0.3％、SiO 2 ≤0.6％。
Further, the Al content of the electrode blank is 0.08-0.20%. For Ti-containing steel, the residual Al content in the consumable electrode is properly increased, the Al content in the consumable electrode is controlled to be 0.08-0.20%, and the burning loss of Ti elements can be reduced by oxidizing Al in the electroslag remelting process.
Further, the production process of the electroslag blank comprises the following steps: electric furnace + LF + VOD (AOD). The LF furnace is used for accurately adjusting and controlling the chemical components and the temperature of the crude molten steel entering the VOD (AOD) furnace, so that the accurate control of the chemical components and the temperature after the VOD (AOD) furnace is ensured, and the requirements of strict internal control and narrower range of the chemical components of an electrode blank in electroslag remelting production are met.
Further, the water outlet temperature of the water-cooled crystallizer is 50-55 ℃. The arrangement improves the temperature of the slag bath, and is also beneficial to improving the surface quality of the formed electroslag ingot.
Further, in the process that the metal melting pool and the slag pool continuously move upwards, the distance between the metal melting pool and the slag pool is larger than or equal to 10mm. The arrangement can ensure the surface of the steel ingot to be smooth.
Further, si-Mn-Ca and ANS compound deoxidizer are added into the electroslag blank. The Si-Mn-Ca and ANS compound deoxidizer is used to form stable silicate as the original inclusion, and the deoxidizer has low melting point and large aggregation tendency, and is a large-particle C-type inclusion deoxidation product, thereby being very beneficial to the complete removal of an electroslag process.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: when the Ti-containing stainless steel is produced in the prior art, an electroslag remelting slag system generally comprises the following chemical elements in percentage: caF 2 ：30％、Al 2 O 3 ：40％、TiO 2 :5%, mgO:5%, caO:25; when producing Ti-containing stainless steel, an electroslag remelting slag system generally comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: caF 2 ：70％、Al 2 O 3 :30 percent. However, these two compositions have the following disadvantages:
1、25% CaO (at 1250 ℃), 40% Al 2 O 3 ，30％CaF 2 The slag is not at a stable eutectic point, and after the slag is cooled and separated out, the components of the liquid slag need to change, so that the front and back electroslag processes are unstable;
2、25％CaO，40％Al 2 O 3 ，30％CaF 2 slag system, caF in slag 2 The content of the slag is lower, the melting point of the slag system is higher, the fluidity of the slag system is poor, the surface quality of steel ingots is poor, and the defects of slag inclusion and inclusion of large ends of electroslag steel ingots are prominent.
3. The conventional pseudo-ginseng slag system is used for Ti-free low-carbon steel such as 0Cr18Ni9, 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb and the like, so that the capability of adsorbing inclusions is poor, and the removal of the inclusions in the steel is not facilitated.
The scheme has the following advantages: (1) the TiO2 is added into the electroslag remelting slag system, so that the yield of titanium can be obviously improved, the titanium content in the metal is ensured to be correspondingly improved, and the titanium burning loss in steel can be further inhibited. (2) Adding proper amount of MgO (1-5 wt% of slag), al 2 O 3 After the slag system is mixed with MgO, the melting point of the slag system can be reduced (test data proves that the melting point of the slag is 1050 ℃ -1210 ℃), in addition, a layer of semi-solidified film can be formed on the surface of a slag pool by proper MgO contained in the slag, oxygen absorption of the slag pool can be prevented, and the valence oxide in the slag can be prevented from transmitting oxygen supply to a metal molten pool, so that the contents of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen in an ingot are reduced, meanwhile, the solidified film can also reduce the heat loss of the surface of the slag to the atmosphere radiation, and the power consumption of electroslag smelting can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electroslag remelting device in a production method of high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of electroslag ingots produced in the comparative examples and examples.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example (b): taking the production of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel as an example, a production method of high-purity stainless steel electroslag remeltingThe slag system comprises the following chemical elements: caF 2 、CaO、MgO、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、SiO 2 The smelting process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an electrode blank, and controlling the chemical element percentage of the electrode blank: c:0.05, si:0.4, mn:1.5, P is less than or equal to 0.030, S is less than or equal to 0.020, cr:17.6, ni:9.5, ti:0.6, al:0.1;
s2, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system, weighing the electroslag remelting slag system according to the proportion before smelting, and mixing to prepare an electroslag blank;
and S3, electroslag remelting, namely assembling the electrode blank, a remelting furnace, a water-cooled crystallizer and the electroslag blank for remelting.
When the Ti-containing stainless steel is produced by electroslag remelting, the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following components in percentage by mass, namely CaF 2 ：53％、CaO：20％、MgO：3％、Al 2 O 3 ：20.4％、TiO 2 ：3％、SiO 2 ：6％。
Comparative example: in the prior art for producing 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, the percentage of chemical elements of an electrode blank is controlled as follows: c:0.12, si:0.8, mn: 2. p is less than or equal to 0.035, S is less than or equal to 0.025, cr: 19. ni: 11. ti:0.8,
the electroslag remelting slag system generally comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: caF 2 ：30％、Al 2 O 3 ：40％、TiO 2 ：5％、MgO：5％、CaO：25。
The examples and comparative examples were analyzed to obtain the following results:
comparison of the chemical compositions of the novel slag systems with the comparative examples-Table 1
From the above table, it can be seen that: the Ti yield of the Ti-containing steel produced in the embodiment is stable, compared with the comparative example, the slag system of the embodiment with small Ti segregation at the head and the tail of the steel ingot is compared with the comparative example, and macroscopic segregation of macrostructures detected by sampling is smaller after the electroslag steel ingot is forged, cogging and formed.
Electroslag ingot low power-secondary station rate statistics-table 2
As can be seen from the figure 2, the surface quality of the electroslag steel ingot is obviously improved, and after the electroslag steel ingot is forged, cogging and formed, the quality defect of slag inclusion does not appear at low times through sampling detection, and the table 2 shows that the first-time qualification rate at low times is increased, and the comprehensive yield of the electroslag ingot is improved.
Slag remelting ingot type ingot steel ingot head and tail cutting stipulation-Table 3
As can be seen from table 3, the maximum yield of the example was larger than that of the comparative example.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are to be considered within the scope of the invention, which will not affect its practical and patentable utility. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A production method of high-purity stainless steel electroslag remelting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following chemical elements: caF 2 、CaO、MgO、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、SiO 2 The smelting process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an electrode blank, and controlling the chemical element percentage of the electrode blank: c:0.03 to 0.06, si:0.2 to 0.5, mn: 1.3-1.8, P is less than or equal to 0.030, S is less than or equal to 0.020, cr:17.30 to 17.80, ni: 8.00-11.80, ti:0.0 to 0.8, al:0 to 0.20;
s2, preparing an electroslag remelting slag system, weighing the electroslag remelting slag system according to a proportion before smelting, and mixing to prepare an electroslag blank;
and S3, electroslag remelting, namely assembling the electrode blank, a remelting furnace, a water-cooled crystallizer and the electroslag blank for remelting.
2. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to claim 1, wherein: when the Ti-containing stainless steel is produced by electroslag remelting, the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following components, namely CaF 2 ：48％～58％、CaO：18％～22％、MgO：1％～5％、Al 2 O 3 ：15％～25％、TiO 2 ：3％～5％、SiO 2 ≤0.6％。
3. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to claim 1, wherein: when the Ti-free stainless steel is produced by electroslag remelting, the electroslag remelting slag system comprises the following components, namely CaF 2 ：55％～65％、CaO：18％～22％、MgO：2％～4％、Al 2 O 3 ：15％～25％、TiO 2 ≤0.3％、SiO 2 ≤0.6％。
4. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to claim 2, wherein: the Al content of the electrode blank is 0.08-0.20%.
5. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the production process of the electroslag blank comprises the following steps: electric furnace + LF + VOD (AOD).
6. The process for producing high purity stainless steel by electroslag remelting according to claim 5, wherein: the water outlet temperature of the water-cooled crystallizer is 50-55 ℃.
7. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to claim 6, wherein: and in the process that the metal melting pool and the slag pool continuously move upwards, the distance between the metal melting pool and the slag pool is more than or equal to 10mm.
8. The production method of high purity stainless steel electroslag remelting according to claim 7, wherein: si-Mn-Ca and ANS compound deoxidizer are added into the electroslag blank.
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