CN115319292A - Laser welding method for junction box - Google Patents
Laser welding method for junction box Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319292A CN115319292A CN202211259899.XA CN202211259899A CN115319292A CN 115319292 A CN115319292 A CN 115319292A CN 202211259899 A CN202211259899 A CN 202211259899A CN 115319292 A CN115319292 A CN 115319292A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 130
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method for a junction box. The junction box laser welding method improves the traditional direct welding mode, and adds the steps of laser focus position correction and laser cleaning before laser welding, namely, firstly, high-power laser is used for cleaning a black coating on the upper surface of a bus bar, then, the emission power of a laser generator and the defocusing amount of a laser head are adjusted, so that low-power laser beams emitted by the laser generator irradiate the laser-cleaned area and are focused on a welding position, and the bent bus bar is welded and connected with a wiring terminal of the junction box. The method and the device for laser welding of the junction box realize high-speed, accurate, effective and safe welding of the bent bus bar installed inside the junction box, improve the welding quality and stability, remarkably reduce the occurrence of poor welding conditions such as insufficient welding and the like, and eliminate potential safety hazards in the subsequent use process of the junction box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method for a junction box.
Background
The bus bar is a conductive connecting part with a multilayer laminated structure, can be used for connecting power distribution positions of a plurality of circuits, can greatly reduce the number of cable connections by adopting the bus bar structure, and solves the problem of high-density layout of an electronic system, so that the bus bar is widely applied to the fields of electric power systems, computers, communication, military industry, transportation, energy sources and the like.
Generally, the bent bus bar installed in the junction box is a bus bar with a black coating, the inside of the bus bar is a high-purity electrolytic copper strip, the outside of the bus bar is a tinned layer, a high-temperature-resistant black coating plating layer is plated on the tinned layer on the upper surface of the bus bar, the black coating plating layer (black coating) has a high-temperature-resistant characteristic, and generally, the black coating does not fall off after the conventional surface of the black bus bar is subjected to spot welding at 380 ℃ for 5 seconds. However, in the process of welding the bent bus bar installed inside the junction box, the high temperature resistance of the black coating layer can offset most of the welding energy, so that the welding quality is affected, poor welding conditions such as insufficient welding are easily caused, and huge potential safety hazards are caused for subsequent use of the junction box. Therefore, how to weld the bent bus bar installed inside the junction box at high speed, accurately, effectively and safely is an important problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a newly designed junction box laser welding method to overcome the defects that the conventional direct welding mode is adopted to weld a bent bus bar arranged in a junction box, the welding efficiency is low, the welding quality cannot be ensured, and the subsequent use risk is high.
The traditional direct welding mode is improved, and a laser cleaning step is added before laser welding. The laser welding parameters are divided into two layers, the black coating of the bent bus bar is cleaned by high-power laser, and then the cleaned bent bus bar and the wiring terminal are welded by low-power laser, so that the welding performance can be greatly improved.
Specifically, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a junction box laser welding method, including:
the method comprises the following steps: laser cleaning, which comprises the steps that a laser generator emits high-power laser beams and focuses on the upper surface of a bent bus bar in a junction box, a black coating in an irradiated area of the upper surface of the bent bus bar is completely gasified under the irradiation effect of the high-power laser beams, and a tin coating in the area of the bent bus bar is exposed;
step two: and laser welding, which comprises adjusting the emission power of a laser generator and the defocusing amount of a laser head, wherein the laser generator emits low-power laser beams to irradiate the area of the bent bus bar exposed out of the tin coating after laser cleaning and focuses the laser beams at a welding position, so that the bent bus bar is welded with the wiring terminal of the junction box.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the junction box laser welding method of the present invention further comprises: before the laser cleaning step, after the junction box is conveyed to a designated position, the position information of the junction box is obtained by using a visual positioning device and is respectively fed back to a pressing device and a laser welding device, so that a pressing mechanism and a laser head accurately reach an operation position; and then, fixing the bus bar by using a pressing mechanism, measuring the height deviation between the cleaning surface of an actual product and the cleaning surface of a standard product by using a displacement measuring sensor on the pressing mechanism, and correcting the focal position of a laser beam according to the height deviation (the height of the surface to be cleaned of the bus bar is possibly changed due to factors such as the thickness of glue coating and the pressing force of a junction box product).
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the junction box laser welding method of the present invention, the junction box is fixed by a pressing mechanism of a specific structure and the focal position of the laser beam is corrected, the pressing mechanism includes:
a connecting base capable of moving up and down; the connecting seat is provided with a plurality of first sliding grooves, and the length direction of the first sliding grooves is parallel to the distance direction of the two pressing and holding pieces; the connecting seat is also provided with a plurality of second sliding grooves, two sliding blocks are arranged in the second sliding grooves in a sliding manner, and the two sliding blocks are respectively connected with two first linear bearings positioned on the two pressing and holding pieces and are connected with the connecting seat in a locking manner through second bolts; scales are marked on one long side of the second sliding groove;
the two pressing and holding pieces are arranged below the connecting seat side by side; the front end of the pressing and holding piece is provided with two pressing claws which extend downwards and are arranged side by side, and a channel for laser beams to pass through is formed by the two pressing claws which are vertically communicated; a lower pressing baffle is connected between the lower ends of the two pressing claws at the same side; the two first guide columns positioned on the two pressing and holding pieces are slidably arranged in the first sliding grooves and are connected with the measuring reference plate in a locking way through first bolts;
the measuring reference plate is arranged above the connecting seat; the measuring reference plate is provided with an adjusting hole for installing the first bolt;
two groups of first guide pillars which can be movably arranged on the connecting seat up and down, the upper ends of the two groups of first guide pillars are connected with the measuring reference plate, and the lower ends of the two groups of first guide pillars are respectively connected with the two pressing and holding pieces; the first guide pillar is coaxially connected with a first linear bearing, the upper end of the first linear bearing is connected with the connecting seat, and a first spring sleeved on the first guide pillar is connected between the lower end of the first linear bearing and the pressing and holding piece;
and the displacement measuring sensor is connected with the connecting seat, and a detection head of the displacement measuring sensor is vertically contacted with the top surface of the measuring reference plate.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing mechanism in the junction box laser welding method further includes a pressing plate and a set of second guide posts, wherein the pressing plate is located below the connecting seat and is provided with an avoiding groove for avoiding the two pressing members; the second guide pillar is vertically connected to the connecting seat, and the lower end of the second guide pillar can penetrate through the pressing plate in a vertically movable manner; the second guide pillar is coaxially connected with a second linear bearing, the lower end of the second linear bearing is connected with the pressing plate, and a second spring sleeved on the second guide pillar is connected between the upper end of the second linear bearing and the connecting seat; the front ends of the two sides of the pressing plate are connected with air suction heads.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the junction box laser welding method, the connecting base in the pressing mechanism is connected to a lifting driving member for driving the connecting base to lift, and one side of the lifting driving member is connected to three photoelectric switches along a vertical direction; the connecting seat is connected with a light blocking sheet used for triggering each photoelectric switch.
Further, the junction box laser welding method further comprises the following steps: before the laser cleaning step, positioning the position of a bent bus bar in the junction box by adopting a visual positioning method, feeding back the position information to the pressing device to move the pressing mechanism to the operation position, and feeding back the position information to the laser welding device to move the laser head to the operation position; and after the laser cleaning step, detecting whether the cleaning surface of the bent bus bar is cleaned or not by adopting a visual detection method.
Preferably, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the laser power in the laser cleaning step in the junction box laser welding method is 800W-1000W, the welding speed is 2000mm/s, and the defocusing amount of the laser head is 0.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the junction box laser welding method of the present invention further comprises: and in the laser cleaning process, gas formed by gasifying the black coating is recycled by using the suction head.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the laser welding method for a junction box according to the present invention, the laser power in the laser welding step is 100W to 300W, the welding speed is 400mm/s, and the defocusing amount of the laser head is-3 mm to-2 mm.
Further, according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the laser welding method for a junction box, the laser cleaning trace and the laser welding trace are cloud-shaped or "8" shaped by swinging the galvanometer in the laser head in combination with the driving of the linear driving module.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a junction box laser welding apparatus, which is used for implementing the junction box laser welding method, and comprises:
positioning the transmission device: the terminal box conveying device comprises a driving device and four groups of positioning devices, wherein the driving device is matched with a belt to convey a terminal box; two groups of positioning devices in the front-back direction are provided with two groups of jacking cylinders which are matched with positioning wheels for jacking and positioning, two groups of positioning devices in the left-right direction are provided with two groups of clamping cylinders which are matched with positioning wheels for clamping and positioning, and four groups of positioning devices are matched for positioning and adjusting and correcting the junction box in four directions;
a pressing and conveying device: the device comprises a first X-direction driving device and a first Y-direction driving device, wherein the first X-direction driving device comprises a servo motor A, a gear and an X-direction rack which are meshed with each other, and the first Y-direction driving device comprises a servo motor B and two linear sliding tables which are connected through a transmission shaft;
visual positioning device: the visual positioning device positions the position of a bent bus bar in the junction box through photographing, feeds back the position information to the pressing device to enable the pressing mechanism to move to the operation position, and feeds back the position information to the laser welding device to enable the laser head to move to the operation position; the visual positioning device is connected with a first Y-direction driving device of the pressing and conveying device through a fixing plate;
a pressing device: the device comprises a pressing mechanism and a deviation correcting mechanism, which are used for pressing and compensating the displacement of the junction box respectively; the deviation correcting mechanism adopts a Y-direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor F; the pressing mechanism is connected with a sliding block of the Y-direction linear sliding table, and the Y-direction linear sliding table is connected with a first Y-direction driving device of the pressing conveying device;
a laser welding device: comprises a laser generator main body part and a laser head;
a laser transmission device: the laser head is used for driving the laser head to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction and comprises a second X direction driving device, a second Y direction driving device and a Z direction driving device, wherein the second X direction driving device adopts an X direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor C, and the second Y direction driving device adopts two Y direction linear sliding tables driven by a servo motor D; the Z-direction driving device adopts a Z-direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor E; the laser head is installed on the slider of Z to sharp slip table.
In conclusion, the laser welding method and the laser welding device for the junction box can overcome the defects that the welding efficiency of the bent bus bar installed in the junction box is low, the welding quality cannot be guaranteed and the subsequent use risk is high in a direct welding mode, realize high-speed, accurate, effective and safe welding of the bent bus bar installed in the junction box, improve the welding quality and stability, remarkably reduce the occurrence of poor welding conditions such as insufficient welding and the like, and eliminate potential safety hazards in the subsequent use process of the junction box.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only specific embodiments mentioned in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the following drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a back view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the pressing mechanism of the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the pressing mechanism of the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of the back side of the holding mechanism in the apparatus of the present invention in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of the back side of the holding mechanism in the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2.
FIG. 7 is a structural view of a holding member in the holding mechanism in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front structural view of a positioning transmission device in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a back structure diagram of the positioning transmission device in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a front view of a laser generator of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a back view of the laser generator of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Drawing notes: 1-a connecting seat; 11-a second runner; 2-a holding member; 21-pressing a claw; 22-a channel; 23-pressing down the baffle; 3-measuring a reference plate; 31-a conditioning aperture; 41-a first guide post; 42-a first linear bearing; 43-a first spring; 44-a first bolt; 45-a slide block; 5-a displacement measuring sensor; 6-pressing a plate; 61-avoidance groove; 71-a second linear bearing; 72-a second spring; 8-lifting driving member; 81-photoelectric switch; 82-light barrier; 9-a suction head; 100-positioning a transmission device; 110-a drive device; 200-a positioning device; 300-pressing the transport device; 400-a visual positioning device; 500-a pressing device; 510-a holding mechanism; 520-a deviation rectifying mechanism; 600-a laser welding device; 700-laser delivery device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely by specific examples, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in connection with the examples may be used in the practice of the invention, in addition to those described in connection with the prior art, in keeping with the understanding of those skilled in the art and the description of the present invention.
In the present invention, all the devices and apparatuses are common in the industry unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A junction box laser welding method (see fig. 12), comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: visual positioning and laser focus position correction, wherein after the junction box is conveyed to a designated position, the visual positioning device 400 is used for acquiring the position information of the junction box, and the position information is respectively fed back to the pressing device 500 and the laser welding device 600, so that the pressing mechanism 510 and the laser head move to corresponding operation positions; and then, the junction box is fixed by the pressing mechanism 510, the height deviation between the cleaning surface of the actual product and the cleaning surface of the standard product is measured by the displacement measuring sensor 5 on the pressing mechanism 510, and the focal point position of the laser beam is corrected according to the height deviation, so that the focal point of the laser beam is positioned on the upper surface of the bent bus bar in the junction box (the height of the surface to be cleaned of the bus bar can be changed due to the factors such as the thickness of the glued junction box product, the pressing force and the like).
Step two: laser cleaning, including laser generator transmission high power laser beam and focus on the upper surface of the bending busbar in the terminal box, the black coating of the upper surface illuminated area of bending busbar is totally gasified under the effect of high power laser beam's irradiation, exposes the tin coating in this region of bending busbar, utilizes suction head 9 to retrieve the gas that black coating gasification formed, and laser power in this step is 900W, and welding speed is 2000mm/s, and the defocusing volume of laser head is 0.
Step three: laser welding, including adjusting laser generator transmit power and the defocusing volume of laser head, laser generator transmit low-power laser beam and shine and bend the region that the busbar exposes the tin coating after laser cleaning and focus on the welding department, make the busbar of bending and the binding post of terminal box accomplish welded connection, laser power in this step is 100W, and welding speed is 400mm/s, and the defocusing volume of laser head is-3 mm.
In the method, the laser cleaning wire and the laser welding wire are in a cloud shape or an 8 shape by swinging the vibrating mirror in the laser head and combining the drive of the linear drive module.
Example 2
A pressing mechanism (see fig. 3-7) used in a laser welding method for a junction box according to embodiment 1, the pressing mechanism 510 is used for fixing the junction box and correcting the focal position of a laser beam, and the pressing mechanism comprises:
the device comprises a connecting seat 1 capable of moving up and down, two pressing and holding pieces 2, a measuring reference plate 3, two groups of first guide columns 41 and a displacement measuring sensor 5. Wherein, the two pressing pieces 2 are arranged below the connecting seat 1 side by side; the measuring reference plate 3 is arranged above the connecting seat 1; the two groups of first guide pillars 41 are movably arranged on the connecting seat 1 up and down, the upper ends of the two groups of first guide pillars are connected with the measuring reference plate 3, and the lower ends of the two groups of first guide pillars are respectively connected with the two pressing and holding pieces 2; the first guide post 41 is coaxially connected with a first linear bearing 42, the upper end of the first linear bearing 42 is connected with the connecting seat 1, and a first spring 43 sleeved on the first guide post 41 is connected between the lower end of the first linear bearing 42 and the pressing and holding piece 2; the displacement measuring sensor 5 is connected with the connecting seat 1, and the detection head of the displacement measuring sensor 5 is vertically contacted with the top surface of the measuring reference plate 3.
Specifically, the connecting seat 1 is arranged in an L shape, and the side surface is connected with a lifting driving piece 8 for driving the connecting seat to lift. Wherein, this lift driving piece 8 can adopt the cylinder, also can adopt motor drive's sharp slip table. One side of the lifting driving piece 8 is connected with three photoelectric switches 81 along the vertical direction, and the three photoelectric switches 81 are sequentially corresponding to an upper limit position, a zero position and a lower limit position from top to bottom; the connecting socket 1 is connected with a light blocking sheet 82 for triggering each photoelectric switch 81 to realize more precise control of the pressing distance of the pressing mechanism 510.
The two pressing pieces 2 are respectively used for pressing and fixing the two bent bus bars. The front end of the pressing piece 2 is provided with two pressing claws 21 which extend downwards and are arranged side by side, and a channel 22 for laser beams to pass through is formed between the two pressing claws 21 in a vertically penetrating manner; a lower pressing baffle plate 23 is connected between the lower ends of the two pressing claws 21 on the same side.
The channel 22 is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so as to condense the laser beam emitted by the laser head. Because the lower ends of the two pressing claws 21 of the pressing and holding piece 2 are connected through the downward pressing baffle 23, the structural strength of the pressing claws 21 can be improved, the pressing claws 21 are prevented from bending and deforming in the pressing and holding process, and welding slag can be prevented from splashing into the junction box. In addition, because two pressing claws 21 and the lower pressing baffle 23 respectively press and fix three sides of the welding area, the close fit between the bus bar at the welding area and the wiring terminal of the junction box can be ensured, the condition of insufficient welding caused by the gap at the welding position is avoided, and the welding quality is improved.
The connecting seat 1 is provided with a plurality of first sliding chutes, and the length direction of the first sliding chutes is parallel to the distance direction of the two pressing pieces 2; the two first guide columns 41 on the two pressing and holding pieces 2 are slidably arranged in the first sliding grooves and are in locking connection with the measuring reference plate 3 through first bolts 44; the measuring reference plate 3 is provided with an adjusting hole 31 for mounting the first bolt 44.
Further, the connecting seat 1 is further provided with a plurality of second sliding grooves 11, two sliding blocks 45 are slidably arranged in the second sliding grooves 11, and the two sliding blocks 45 are respectively connected with the two first linear bearings 42 positioned on the two pressing pieces 2 and are connected with the connecting seat 1 in a locking manner through second bolts. Wherein, a long side of the second sliding chute 11 is marked with a scale.
When the two sliding blocks 45 in the same second sliding slot 11 slide relatively, the two first linear bearings 42 are driven to move simultaneously, and then the two first guide pillars 41 coaxially connected with the two first linear bearings 42 are driven to move, so that the two pressing members 2 are driven to move along the spacing direction. Therefore, when the distance between two pressure holding pieces 2 needs to be adjusted, the first bolt 44 and the second bolt are loosened firstly, the positions of the two sliding blocks 45 in the same second sliding groove 11 are adjusted according to the scales, and then the first bolt 44 and the second bolt are screwed, so that the positioning is accurate and the use is convenient.
The photovoltaic junction box pressing and holding mechanism further comprises a pressing plate 6 and a group of second guide pillars. The pressing plate 6 is positioned below the connecting seat 1, is used for righting and pressing the fixed junction box, and is provided with an avoidance groove 61 for avoiding the two pressing pieces 2; the second guide post is vertically connected to the connecting seat 1, and the lower end of the second guide post can penetrate through the pressing plate 6 in a vertically movable manner; the second guide post is coaxially connected with a second linear bearing 71, the lower end of the second linear bearing 71 is connected with the pressing plate 6, and a second spring 72 sleeved on the second guide post is connected between the upper end of the second linear bearing and the connecting seat 1.
Furthermore, the front ends of the two sides of the pressing plate 6 are connected with air suction heads 9, and smoke generated in the laser cleaning process can be timely sucked through the two air suction heads 9.
When the photovoltaic junction box pressing mechanism is used, the connecting seat 1 moves downwards under the driving of the lifting driving piece 8, and the two pressing pieces 2 and the pressing plate 6 are driven to move downwards together; the pressing plate 6 is firstly contacted with the junction box, and the junction box is righted and fixed under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 72; then, the two pressing claws 21 and the lower pressing baffle 23 of the pressing piece 2 are respectively pressed on the top surfaces of the two bent bus bars, and under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 43, three side edges of the area to be welded are pressed face to face; simultaneously, take place vertical direction's relative movement between measurement benchmark board 3 and the connecting seat 1, carry out accurate measurement through the displacement measurement sensor 5 of being connected with connecting seat 1 to can obtain the high deviation of bending busbar top surface (actual product machined surface), adjust laser focus position according to this high deviation, in order to guarantee that the laser beam focuses on each actual product machined surface.
Example 3
An apparatus for carrying out the laser welding method of the junction box of embodiment 1 (see fig. 1 to 11), the apparatus comprising:
positioning transmission device 100: the terminal box conveying device comprises a driving device 110 and four groups of positioning devices 200, wherein the driving device 110 is matched with a belt to carry out terminal box conveying; two sets of positioner 200 of fore-and-aft direction are equipped with two sets of jacking cylinders and cooperate the locating wheel to carry out the jacking location, and two sets of positioner 200 of left and right directions are equipped with two sets of die clamping cylinder cooperation locating wheel and press from both sides tight location, and four sets of positioner 200 cooperations realize that the terminal box is in the location and the adjustment of four directions and rectify.
Pressing the transfer device 300: the X-direction driving device comprises a servo motor A, a gear and an X-direction rack which are meshed with each other, and the first Y-direction driving device comprises a servo motor B and two linear sliding tables which are connected through a transmission shaft.
Visual positioning apparatus 400: the visual positioning device 400 positions the bent bus bar in the junction box by photographing, and feeds back the position information to the pressing device 500 to move the pressing mechanism 510 to the working position, and simultaneously feeds back the position information to the laser welding device 600 to move the laser head to the working position; the visual alignment device 400 is connected to the first Y-direction driving device of the press transferring device 300 through a fixing plate.
The pressing device 500: the device comprises a pressing mechanism 510 and a deviation correcting mechanism 520, which are used for pressing and compensating the wire box. Wherein, the deviation rectifying mechanism 520 adopts a Y-direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor F; the pressing mechanism 510 is connected to the slider of the Y-direction linear slide table, and the Y-direction linear slide table is connected to the first Y-direction driving device of the pressing and conveying device 300.
The laser welding apparatus 600: comprises a laser generator main body part and a laser head.
Laser transmission device 700: the laser head is used for driving the laser head to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction and comprises a second X direction driving device, a second Y direction driving device and a Z direction driving device, wherein the second X direction driving device adopts an X direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor C, and the second Y direction driving device adopts two Y direction linear sliding tables driven by a servo motor D; the Z-direction driving device adopts a Z-direction linear sliding table driven by a servo motor E; the laser head is installed on the slider of Z to sharp slip table.
Example 4
s1: the photovoltaic module junction box is conveyed to a preset area to be welded through the positioning and conveying device 100;
s2: the visual positioning device 400 is driven to the junction box of the photovoltaic assembly by the pressing and conveying device 300, the position of a bus bar to be welded on the junction box is visually positioned, and the obtained position information is fed back to the pressing device 500 and the laser welding device 600 respectively;
s3: after the pressing device 500 receives the information, the pressing mechanism 510 precisely reaches the region to be welded of the bus bar after compensation operation of the pressing and conveying device 300 and the deviation correcting mechanism 520, and presses and fixes the photovoltaic module junction box; after receiving the information, the laser welding device 600 conveys the laser heads to the bus bar welding area by using the laser transmission device 700;
s4: while the pressing and holding mechanism 510 presses and holds and fixes the photovoltaic module, the displacement measuring sensor 5 is used for measuring the height deviation of the top surface (actual product processing surface) of the bending bus bar, and the Z-direction linear sliding table of the laser conveying device 700 is used for adjusting the height position of the laser head according to the height deviation, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser head is focused on the top surface of the bending bus bar;
s5: carrying out laser cleaning on the black coating on the top surface of the bus bar, and timely absorbing smoke gas formed by gasifying the black coating in the cleaning process by using an air suction head 9;
s6: after laser cleaning, carrying out visual detection on whether the cleaning surface of the bus bar is cleaned;
s7: and adjusting the laser power and welding speed of a laser generator and the defocusing amount of a laser head, and performing laser welding on the bent bus bar and the wiring terminal of the junction box.
While the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples described above, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A junction box laser welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: laser cleaning, which comprises the steps that a laser generator emits high-power laser beams and focuses the high-power laser beams on the upper surface of a bent bus bar in a junction box, a black coating in an irradiated area of the upper surface of the bent bus bar is completely gasified under the irradiation effect of the high-power laser beams, and a tin coating in the area of the bent bus bar is exposed;
step two: and laser welding, which comprises adjusting the emission power of a laser generator and the defocusing amount of a laser head, wherein the laser generator emits low-power laser beams to irradiate the area of the bent bus bar exposed out of the tin coating after laser cleaning and focuses the laser beams at a welding position, so that the bent bus bar is welded with the wiring terminal of the junction box.
2. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 1, further comprising: before the laser cleaning step, after the junction box is conveyed to a designated position, the junction box is fixed by a pressing mechanism (510), the height deviation between the actual product cleaning surface and the standard product cleaning surface is measured by a displacement measuring sensor (5) on the pressing mechanism (510), and the focal position of a laser beam is corrected according to the height deviation.
3. The terminal block laser welding method according to claim 2, wherein the pressing mechanism (510) is used to fix the terminal block and correct a focal position of the laser beam, and the pressing mechanism (510) includes:
a connecting base (1) which can move up and down; the connecting seat (1) is provided with a plurality of first sliding grooves, and the length direction of the first sliding grooves is parallel to the distance direction of the two pressing and holding pieces (2); the connecting seat (1) is further provided with a plurality of second sliding grooves (11), two sliding blocks (45) are arranged in the second sliding grooves (11) in a sliding mode, and the two sliding blocks (45) are respectively connected with two first linear bearings (42) on the two pressing pieces (2) and are connected with the connecting seat (1) in a locking mode through second bolts; scales are marked on one long side of the second sliding chute (11);
the two pressing pieces (2) are arranged below the connecting seat (1) side by side; the front end of the pressing and holding piece (2) is provided with two pressing claws (21) which extend downwards and are arranged side by side, and a channel (22) for laser beams to pass through is formed between the two pressing claws (21) in a vertically penetrating manner; a lower pressing baffle plate (23) is connected between the lower ends of the two pressing claws (21) on the same side; two first guide columns (41) positioned on the two pressing and holding pieces (2) are slidably arranged in the first sliding grooves and are connected with the measuring reference plate (3) in a locking way through first bolts (44);
the measuring reference plate (3) is arranged above the connecting seat (1); the measuring reference plate (3) is provided with an adjusting hole (31) for mounting the first bolt (44);
two groups of first guide posts (41) are movably arranged on the connecting seat (1) up and down, the upper ends of the first guide posts are connected with the measuring reference plate (3), and the lower ends of the first guide posts are respectively connected with the two pressing and holding pieces (2); the first guide post (41) is coaxially connected with a first linear bearing (42), the upper end of the first linear bearing (42) is connected with the connecting seat (1), and a first spring (43) sleeved on the first guide post (41) is connected between the lower end of the first linear bearing and the pressing and holding piece (2);
and the displacement measuring sensor (5) is connected with the connecting seat (1), and a detection head of the displacement measuring sensor (5) is vertically contacted with the top surface of the measuring reference plate (3).
4. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 3, wherein the pressing mechanism (510) further comprises a pressing plate (6) and a group of second guide posts, the pressing plate (6) is located below the connecting seat (1) and is provided with an avoiding groove (61) for avoiding the two pressing and holding pieces (2); the second guide post is vertically connected to the connecting seat (1), and the lower end of the second guide post can penetrate through the pressing plate (6) in a vertically movable manner; the second guide post is coaxially connected with a second linear bearing (71), the lower end of the second linear bearing (71) is connected with the pressing plate (6), and a second spring (72) sleeved on the second guide post is connected between the upper end of the second linear bearing and the connecting seat (1); the front ends of the two sides of the pressure plate (6) are connected with air suction heads (9).
5. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that a lifting driving piece (8) for driving the connecting base (1) in the pressing mechanism to lift is connected with the connecting base, and three photoelectric switches (81) are connected to one side of the lifting driving piece (8) along the vertical direction; the connecting seat (1) is connected with light blocking pieces (82) used for triggering the photoelectric switches (81).
6. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 1, further comprising: before the laser cleaning step, positioning the position of the bent bus bar in the junction box by adopting a visual positioning method, feeding back the position information to a pressing device (500) to move a pressing mechanism (510) to an operation position, and feeding back the position information to a laser welding device (600) to move a laser head to the operation position; and after the laser cleaning step, detecting whether the cleaning surface of the bent bus bar is cleaned or not by adopting a visual detection method.
7. The junction box laser welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser power in the laser cleaning step is 800W-1000W, the welding speed is 2000mm/s, and the defocusing amount of the laser head is 0.
8. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 1, further comprising: in the laser cleaning process, gas formed by gasifying the black coating is recycled by using the suction head (9).
9. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the laser power in the laser welding step is 100W-300W, the welding speed is 400mm/s, and the defocus amount of the laser head is-3 mm-2 mm.
10. The junction box laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the junction box laser welding method, the laser cleaning routing and the laser welding routing are in a cloud shape or an 8 shape by swinging a vibrating mirror in a laser head and combining with driving of a linear driving module.
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| CN115319292B (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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Denomination of invention: A laser welding method for junction boxes Granted publication date: 20221230 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Kunshan Branch Pledgor: Suzhou Wisdom Valley Laser Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980010909 |
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