CN115317204A - 一种全腕关节固定型假体 - Google Patents

一种全腕关节固定型假体 Download PDF

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CN115317204A
CN115317204A CN202210989655.0A CN202210989655A CN115317204A CN 115317204 A CN115317204 A CN 115317204A CN 202210989655 A CN202210989655 A CN 202210989655A CN 115317204 A CN115317204 A CN 115317204A
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prosthesis
sleeve
radius
wrist
carpal
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任宏志
岳术俊
许奎雪
李伟
周浩然
魏章利
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Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co Ltd
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Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种全腕关节固定型假体，属于医疗假体技术领域；其包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部设有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。本发明的整体稳定性较好、桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。

Description

一种全腕关节固定型假体
技术领域
本发明涉及到医疗假体技术领域，特别涉及一种全腕关节固定型假体。
背景技术
腕关节是人体最灵活、最重要的关节之一,对于创伤性、退行性腕关节炎、类风湿性腕关节炎严重受损等疾症的治疗,之前大多数的治疗以腕关节融合术为主,随着医学和科技的发展以及患者迫切希望能够在解决疼痛的同时保留其腕关节的活动功能，全腕关节置换术越来越多地应用到腕关节治疗中。
中国专利CN112294500A公开了一种腕关节假体，其中的腕骨假体和桡骨假体由两部分构成，临床使用过程容易发生脱位现象。立柱部分无法立柱部件无法实现腕骨托的稳定，需要用松质骨螺钉辅助腕骨托固定在人体骨上，以致会增加截骨，增大假体对人体的创伤，不能实现低创伤性手术治疗。
中国专利CN101708139A公开了球臼形式的腕关节假体装置，其由由两部分构成，临床使用过程容易发生脱位现象。装置中的腕关节柄假体无法精准的满足大量骨缺损适应症，无法实现假体植入术后长期的稳定性；不能满足骨长入和软组织更好的长入和细胞的增殖，不能消除应力遮挡现象等问题。垫块假体相对较重；弹性模量高，术后易出现应力遮挡现象。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种全腕关节固定型假体，其整体稳定性较好、桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：
一种全腕关节固定型假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部设有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
进一步的，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
进一步的，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
进一步的，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
进一步的，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
本发明采取上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：
1、本发明中全腕关节假体，整体稳定性较好，实现桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台采用卡槽、凸台结构连接和螺丝结构固定，桡骨髓针假体和桡骨平台易更换、装配和松解。
2、桡骨髓针假体燕尾槽结构和固定螺钉的配合，使桡骨髓针和桡骨平台不会脱离。
3、本发明固定螺钉可以防止桡骨髓针和桡骨平台发生相对移动。
4、腕骨髓针假体带有的凸台结构，与桡骨平台的棱形凹槽配合，可防止桡骨平台和腕骨髓针假体发生相对旋转，同时防止腕骨髓针脱出桡骨平台。
5、本发明的桡骨平台可根据术中临床的需求，方便的更换其他规格型号假体，易操作。
6、本发明的第一螺钉使桡骨平台和腕骨髓针假体固定，防止腕骨托和髓针假体脱出。
7、本发明中腕骨底部的套筒结构，能够防止腕骨髓针假体与桡骨平台分离。
8、本发明的桡骨髓针假体采用钛合金材料制成，表面带有Ti+HA涂层，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，桡骨髓针假体植入后期的更稳定；桡骨髓针假体带有凹槽结构，增加与松质骨的摩擦力，提高抗拔出力，桡骨髓针假体外观结构具有抗旋作用。
9、本发明腕骨假体采用3D打印钛合金材料制成，腕关节假体中间腕骨髓针采用多孔骨小梁结构打印，植入人体后初期稳定性好，具有与松质骨增大摩擦力、抗旋转和加固的作用，防止腕骨假体旋转和脱出髓腔，后期骨长入效果明显。
10、腕骨髓针假体的两侧髓针的表面带有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起，钛+羟基磷灰石涂层活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，腕骨髓针假体的两侧髓针植入后期更稳定，条状凸起具有抗旋转和增加摩擦力作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的结构爆炸图；
图2为本发明实施例的桡骨平台和腕骨髓针假体结构爆炸图；
图3为本发明实施例的桡骨平台和桡骨髓针假体结构爆炸图。
图中：1-桡骨髓针假体2-桡骨平台3-腕骨假体螺钉4-腕骨髓针假体12-固定螺钉13-螺纹孔14-凹槽结构22-半圆槽23-第一螺孔42-43-两侧腕骨髓针46-中间腕骨髓针48-第二螺孔49-连接轴32-棱形凹槽33-套筒46-中间腕骨髓针47-凸台410-411-条状凸起21-燕尾状凸起11-燕尾槽
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的说明。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
一种全腕关节固定型假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部设有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
进一步的，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
进一步的，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
进一步的，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
进一步的，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
进一步的，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起。
进一步的，所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
下面为一更具体的实施例：
腕关节是人体最为复杂结构之一，同时也是最重要的关节之一。对于风湿性疾病关节炎、骨肿瘤和创伤性疾病导致的大量骨缺损疾病，目前大多数仍然采用关节融合术治疗方式，随着医学科技发展，以及人民生活水平的提高，对关节质量要求也在逐渐提高，患者希望保留最大原骨骼之时，最大限度的恢复关节活动度，目前越来越多的腕关节假体置换术应用到临床治疗中，非限制性假体多以传统的结构和材料为主，不能满足患者对假体质量的需求。
近年来随着医疗科技的不断发展和人口老龄化时代的到来，人工关节置换也相应的呈现一个上升的趋势。
钛合金具有比重小、比强度高、弹性模量低、易加工成形、原料资源丰富等特点,现已发展成为外科植入物较为理想的功能结构材料。由于多孔结构假体生物相容性好，化学性质稳定，力学性能优异，弹性模量与人体骨相近，应力遮挡现象降低，骨长入效果好，初始稳定性高，容易与骨组织形成良好的结合，耐腐蚀性高等特点，与组织体液无任何炎症反应，现已逐渐得到市场认可，
本实施例的结构特征主要包括以下部分：桡骨髓针假体1、桡骨平台2、腕骨髓针假体4、固定螺钉12和腕骨假体螺钉3构成，如图1所示。
桡骨髓针假体1与桡骨平台2采用卡槽结构和固定螺钉连接结构配合，如图3所示；桡骨平台2与腕骨假体4通过腕骨假体螺钉3连接结构配合，螺钉3通过第一螺孔23和第二螺孔48连接桡骨平台和腕骨髓针假体，采用套筒结构连接，如图2所示。
腕骨髓针假体4应用于腕骨和掌骨；桡骨髓针插入桡骨假体；桡骨髓针假体1和桡骨平台2通过燕尾槽和燕尾状凸起的配合连接，并且固定螺钉12起到固定桡骨平台和桡骨髓针假体的作用，使两个部件不能发生相对移动，如图3所示；
桡骨平台2可根据术中临床的需求，方便的更换其他规格型号假体，易操作；
腕骨假体4和桡骨平台2，通过腕骨假体螺钉3连接，形成稳定的结构，不会发生相对运动，如图2所示；
桡骨髓针假体1采用钛合金材料制成，表面带有Ti+HA涂层，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，桡骨髓针假体1植入后期的更稳定；桡骨髓针假体1带有凹槽结构14，增加与松质骨的摩擦力，提高抗拔出力，桡骨髓针假体条状凸起的外观结构具有抗旋作用，如图1所示。
腕骨髓针假体4采用3D打印钛合金材料制成，中间腕骨髓针46采用多孔骨小梁结构打印，植入人体后初期稳定性好，具有与松质骨增大摩擦力、抗旋转和加固的作用，防止腕骨假体旋转和脱出髓腔，后期骨长入效果明显；腕骨髓针假体两侧的腕骨髓针42、43表面带有Ti+HA涂层和条状凸起410和411结构，Ti+HA活性材料促进骨细胞生长，随着植入时间增长，腕骨髓针假体42、43植入后期更稳定，凸台结构410和411结构具有抗旋转作用；
桡骨平台2采用钛合金材料制成，具有良好的生物相容性；螺钉12和螺钉3具有螺纹结构，如图2、3所示；
腕骨髓针假体4带有凸台47结构，棱形凹槽和凸台结构47作用是防止腕骨托和腕骨髓针假体发生相对旋转。

Claims (10)

1.一种全腕关节固定型假体，包括桡骨髓针假体、腕骨髓针假体，其特征在于，还包括用于连接桡骨髓针假体和腕骨髓针假体的桡骨平台；所述腕骨髓针假体的下方设有连接轴；腕骨髓针假体与连接轴通过与固定杆连接；所述桡骨平台的顶部设有套筒，套筒的中轴线垂直于桡骨髓针假体；所述连接轴的侧壁和套筒的侧壁均设有对应的螺孔；所述连接轴位于套筒内，且连接轴上的螺孔与套筒侧方的螺孔正对，且通过腕骨假体螺钉固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述腕骨髓针假体包括腕骨座和腕骨髓针；所述腕骨髓针设有三个，均固定于腕骨座的顶部；三个髓针排布于同一直线上且中间腕骨髓针的高度高于其两侧腕骨髓针的高度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述桡骨髓针假体的顶部设有燕尾槽，桡骨平台的底部设有与燕尾槽对应的燕尾状凸起；所述燕尾状凸起从一侧插入燕尾槽中；燕尾槽的侧方设有贯穿燕尾槽的螺纹孔，且螺纹孔的中轴线与燕尾槽的延伸方向垂直；所述燕尾状凸起的侧方设有与螺纹孔正对的第二孔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，还包括固定螺钉，所述第二孔为位于燕尾状凸起底部的半圆槽，半圆槽与燕尾槽内底部的半圆螺纹槽正对形成完整的螺纹孔，固定螺钉固定于螺纹孔内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述连接轴的其中一端设有凸台，凸台为一棱形结构，且套筒的端部设有与凸台对应的棱形凹槽，且棱形凹槽的中轴线和套筒的中轴线重合；所述凸台位于棱形凹槽中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述连接轴的螺孔位于凸台一侧，套筒上的螺孔位于棱形凹槽的一侧。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述套筒顶部的中间位置设有用于固定杆穿过的贯穿孔；贯穿孔和棱形凹槽之间的套筒顶壁具有用于压入连接轴的开口。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述桡骨髓针假体的桡骨髓针部分上具有用于增大与松骨质摩擦力凹槽结构，凹槽结构的延伸方向与髓针的延伸方一致。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述腕骨髓针假体的两侧腕骨髓针的外表面具有钛+羟基磷灰石涂层和条状凸起。
10.根据权利要求2所述的一种全腕关节固定型假体，其特征在于，所述腕骨髓针假体的中间腕骨髓针的表面具有骨小梁结构。
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DE29500476U1 (de) * 1995-01-13 1995-08-03 Thabe, Heiner, Dr.med., 55543 Bad Kreuznach Handgelenkprothese
US6168630B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-01-02 Waldemar Link (Gmbh & Co) Hand joint prosthesis
DE29807414U1 (de) * 1998-04-27 1998-09-03 Gnutzmann, Bodo, 27711 Osterholz-Scharmbeck Handgelenkprothese
CN110840634A (zh) * 2019-11-25 2020-02-28 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 腕关节假体
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