CN115310852A - Improved river ecological runoff evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved river ecological runoff evaluation method, which comprises the steps of collecting year-by-year daily flow data of a long sequence of an analyzed hydrological station; determining a 25 th quantile flow process line and a 75 th quantile flow process line; calculating a possible maximum flow process line and a possible minimum flow process line; calculating runoff of the flow process line of the 25 th quantile in each month to obtain insufficient runoff in the month; calculating runoff of the flow process line lower than the 25 th quantile every month to obtain the maximum insufficient runoff of the month, wherein the ratio of the maximum insufficient runoff of the month to the maximum insufficient runoff of the month is the ecological red of the month; calculating runoff exceeding the 75 th quantile runoff process line every month to obtain surplus runoff of the month; calculating runoff of a flow process line higher than 75 quantile per month to obtain the maximum possible surplus runoff of the month; calculating annual ecological Chi and annual ecological surplus; the method overcomes the defect that the ecological runoff indexes calculated by the original runoff process line cannot be measured, and can better reflect the health condition of a river ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological runoff analysis in hydrology, and particularly relates to an improved river ecological runoff evaluation method.
Background
Ecological runoff is one of important hydrological indicators for evaluating the ecological health of rivers, and comprises ecological surplus and ecological deficit which respectively reflect surplus and shortage degrees of runoff in an adaptable range compared with river runoff. According to the time scale, the method can be divided into annual ecological surplus and annual ecological deficit, seasonal ecological surplus and seasonal ecological deficit, monthly ecological surplus and monthly ecological deficit. Methods for calculating ecological runoff indexes based on flow process lines (Discharge Hydrographs, DH) are proposed in the literature [ Zhang Song, guo Xiaoming, zhouman, et al. Novel hydrologic situation change evaluation method based on ecological runoff indexes [ J ]. Report of hydropower science, 2021,40 (12): 65-76.] and in the patent (CN 113159589A), a river ecological runoff evaluation method based on flow process lines. However, the above calculation method has the following disadvantages.
First, in the method of calculating an ecological deficit based on a flow process line (DH), the obtained ecological deficit is a value less than 0, and although the ecological deficit can reflect the degree of water shortage of a river to some extent, the most unfavorable ecological deficit condition cannot be found, and the decision maker does not know the degree of water shortage of the river in contrast to the most unfavorable condition.
Secondly, calculating the ecological deficit of the season based on a flow process line (DH) is obtained by accumulating and summing the ecological deficit of the corresponding month in each season, so that the ecological deficit of the season is smaller than the ecological deficit of the month, the ecological runoff situation of the whole season is poorer in meaning, the ecological deficit of the season is further amplified, the actual ecological runoff of each month is possibly not very poor, and the ecological runoff of each month is inconsistent; similar contradictions also exist for annual ecological deficit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide an improved river ecological runoff evaluation method to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, ecological runoff evaluation in months, seasons and years is inconsistent and runoff quantity cannot be reflected to the extent different from the worst condition.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an improved river ecological runoff evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1), collecting year-by-year daily flow data of a long sequence of the analyzed hydrological station;
step 2), determining a 25 th quantile flow process line and a 75 th quantile flow process line;
step 3), calculating a possible maximum flow process line and a possible minimum flow process line;
step 4), for the determined year, calculating the runoff of the quantile flow process line lower than the 25 th quantile flow process line every month according to the daily flow process line of the year to obtain the insufficient-month runoff; calculating runoff lower than the 25 th quantile flow process line every month according to the possible minimum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month, wherein the ratio of the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month to the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month is ecological red of the month;
step 5), for the determined year, calculating runoff exceeding a 75 th quantile flow process line in each month according to a daily flow process line of the year to obtain redundant runoff of the month; calculating runoff higher than 75 quantile flow process line per month according to the possible maximum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum surplus runoff per month; the ratio of the surplus runoff of the month to the maximum possible surplus runoff of the month is the ecological surplus of the month;
step 6), calculating ecological Chi and ecological surplus of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, wherein 3-5 months are spring, 6-8 months are summer, 9-11 months are autumn, and 12-next year is winter;
and 7) calculating annual ecological deficit and annual ecological surplus.
Further, the step 2) specifically includes: based on the daily flow data of the perennial series, the 25 th quantile flow and the 75 th quantile flow of the day are calculated from the daily flow data of the same day every year, the 25 th quantile flow of each day forms a 25 th quantile flow process line, and the 75 th quantile flow of each day forms a 75 th quantile flow process line.
Further, the step 3) specifically includes: based on the long-term series daily flow data of many years, the daily maximum flow and the daily minimum flow are searched from the daily flow data of the same day every year, the maximum flow of each day forms a possible maximum flow process line, and the minimum flow of each day forms a possible minimum flow process line.
Further, the step 4) specifically includes:
comparing the daily flux process line of any year with the 25 th quantile flux process line and the possible minimum flux process line, and calculating the ecological deficit of each month according to the following formula, namely:
wherein m represents month, m =1,2,3, \ 8230;, 12; n is the number of days per month, e.g. when m =1, n =31; q i Is daily flow rate, unit is m 3 /s；Q i,25％ Is 25 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,min Is the daily minimum flow in m 3 /s；ED m The ecological red of the month m of the year has the value range of-1 to 0.
Further, the step 5) specifically includes:
comparing the daily flow process line of any year with the 75 th percentile flow process line and the possible maximum flow process line, and calculating the ecological surplus of each month according to the following formula, namely:
in the formula, Q i,75％ Is 75 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,max Is the maximum daily flow in m 3 /s；ES m The value range is 0-1 for the ecological surplus of the month m in the year, and the other values are the same as the formula (1).
Further, the specific calculation process in step 6) is as follows:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) spring Is ecological deficit of the season; ES (ES) spring The ecological surplus in the season is obtained; s is the number of days per season, spring S =92, summer S =92, fall S =91, winter S =90.
Further, the step 7) is respectively calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) a Is a year ecological red word; ES (ES) a Surplus for the annual ecology; y is the number of days of the year, and is 365 or 366.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The ecological surplus and the ecological deficit calculation method are improved, the defects of the original calculation method are overcome, the ecological surplus is normalized to be 0-1, the ecological deficit is normalized to be-1-0, and the closer the ecological deficit is to-1, the more unfavorable the river ecosystem is, the more the ecological deficit is; the invention provides a measurement scale which is the most unfavorable condition, provides a comparison basis for evaluation results of three time scales, and can provide a more accurate result for river health evaluation;
(2) The invention overcomes the contradiction that the seasonal and monthly evaluations are inconsistent because the seasonal scale amplifies ecological deficit due to the monthly scale accumulation effect, the measurement standard is unified by a normalization means, and the evaluation results on three time scales have clearer and more reasonable logical relation;
(3) The method overcomes the defect that the ecological runoff indexes calculated by the original runoff process line cannot be measured, and can better reflect the health condition of a river ecosystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a 25 th quantile flow process line, a 75 th quantile flow process line, a maximum possible flow process line, and a minimum possible flow process line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of excess runoff and insufficient runoff provided by an embodiment of the invention (1994, 1998);
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of maximum surplus runoff and maximum insufficient runoff in a month provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the maximum surplus runoff and the maximum insufficient runoff in the season according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of maximum excess runoff per year and maximum insufficient runoff per year according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the annual Ecological Surplus (ES) provided by the embodiment of the present invention a ) Annual ecological Chi (ED) a ) (1940-2012);
FIG. 8 shows the monthly Ecological Surplus (ES) provided by the embodiment of the present invention (Pingshan station 2006) m ) Moon ecological red character (ED) m ) Season Ecological Surplus (ES) spring ) Season ecological Chi (ED) spring )；
FIG. 9, a, shows the monthly Ecological Surplus (ES) provided by an embodiment of the present invention (Pingshan station 2006) m ) Moon ecological red character (ED) m ) B is the original squareThe method calculates the surplus of the moon ecology and the red of the moon ecology;
FIG. 10, a shows the season Ecology Surplus (ES) provided by the embodiment of the present invention (Pingshan station 2006) m ) Season ecological Chi (ED) m ) B, accumulating the monthly ecological surplus and the monthly ecological deficit to calculate the seasonal ecological surplus and the seasonal ecological deficit by the original method;
FIG. 11, a, is a diagram of annual Ecological Surplus (ES) provided by an embodiment of the present invention a ) Annual ecological Chi (ED) a ) And the b picture is the annual ecological surplus and the annual ecological deficit obtained by accumulating the seasonal ecological surplus and the seasonal ecological deficit of the original method (2002-2012).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
An improved river ecological runoff evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1), collecting year-by-year daily flow data of a long sequence of the analyzed hydrological station;
step 2), determining a 25 th quantile flow process line and a 75 th quantile flow process line; the method specifically comprises the following steps: based on the daily flow data of the years long series, the 25 th quantile flow and the 75 th quantile flow of the day are calculated from the daily flow data of the same day every year, the 25 th quantile flow of each day forms a 25 th quantile flow process line, and the 75 th quantile flow of each day forms a 75 th quantile flow process line.
Step 3), calculating a possible maximum flow process line and a possible minimum flow process line; the method specifically comprises the following steps: based on the long-term series daily flow data of many years, the daily maximum flow and the daily minimum flow are searched from the daily flow data of the same day every year, the maximum flow of each day forms a possible maximum flow process line, and the minimum flow of each day forms a possible minimum flow process line.
Step 4), for the determined year, calculating the runoff of the quantile flow process line lower than the 25 th quantile flow process line every month according to the daily flow process line of the year to obtain the insufficient-month runoff; calculating runoff lower than the 25 th quantile flow process line every month according to the possible minimum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month, wherein the ratio of the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month to the possible maximum insufficient runoff of the month is ecological red of the month; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the daily flux process line of any one year with the 25 th quantile flux process line and the possible minimum flux process line, and calculating the ecological deficit of each month according to the following formula, namely:
wherein m represents month, m =1,2,3, \8230;, 12; n is the number of days per month, e.g. when m =1, n =31; q i Is daily flow rate, unit is m 3 /s；Q i,25％ Is 25 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,min Is the daily minimum flow in m 3 /s；ED m Is an ecological red word in the month of the year, and the value range is-1 to 0.
Step 5), for the determined year, calculating runoff exceeding the 75 th quantile flow process line in each month according to the daily flow process line of the year to obtain surplus runoff in the month; calculating the runoff of each month which is higher than a 75 quantile flow process line according to the possible maximum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum surplus runoff of the month; the ratio of the surplus runoff of the month to the maximum possible surplus runoff of the month is the ecological surplus of the month; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the daily flow process line of any year with the 75 th percentile flow process line and the possible maximum flow process line, and calculating the ecological surplus of each month according to the following formula, namely:
in the formula, Q i,75％ Is 75 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,max Is the maximum daily flow in m 3 /s；ES m The value range is 0-1 for the ecological surplus of the month m in the year, and the other values are the same as the formula (1).
Step 6), calculating ecological Chi and ecological surplus of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, wherein 3-5 months are spring, 6-8 months are summer, 9-11 months are autumn, and 12-next year is winter; the specific calculation process is as follows:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) spring Is ecological deficit of the season; ES (ES) spring The ecological surplus in the season is obtained; s is the number of days per season, spring S =92, summer S =92, fall S =91, winter S =90.
And 7) calculating annual ecological deficit and annual ecological surplus. Respectively calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) a Is a new-year ecological Chinese character; ES (ES) a The surplus is the annual ecology; y is the number of days of the year, and is 365 or 366.
In order to more clearly show the purpose and technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described in detail by taking the Jinsha Jiangjiang mountain hydrology station as an example and combining the accompanying drawings, and the specific implementation steps are as shown in fig. 1:
step 1, collecting annual daily flow data of the Jinsha mountain hydrology station from the hydrology yearbook of the people's republic of China. Daily flow data from 1940-2012 were collected.
And 2, calculating 25 th quantile flow and 75 th quantile flow of 1 month and 1 day from 73 data consisting of flow of 1 month and 1 day each year on the basis of a 73 year daily flow time sequence (1940-2012). The 25 th quantile flow and the 75 th quantile flow of the 1 st, 2 nd to 12 th, 31 th days are also calculated according to the method. The 25 th quantile flow from 1 month, 1 day to 12 months, 31 days constitutes the 25 th quantile flow process line (see the lower red curve in fig. 2). The 75 th quantile flow from 1 month, 1 day, to 12 months, 31 days, constitutes the 75 th quantile flow process line (e.g., the upper green curve in fig. 2). As shown in fig. 2, the area between the two lines is a target management range within which the flow rate variation falls within the acceptable range.
And 3, the area surrounded by the actual daily flow process line and the 25 quantile flow process line is insufficient runoff, the area surrounded by the actual daily flow process line and the 75 quantile flow process line is excessive runoff, for example, 1994 and 1998, the cyan area in the graph 3 is the excessive runoff, and the green area is the insufficient runoff.
And 4, selecting the daily maximum flow rate in one year, connecting the daily maximum flow rate to a possible maximum flow rate process line (such as the uppermost dark blue curve in the graph 4a and the graph 4 b), and connecting the daily minimum flow rate in one year to a possible minimum flow rate process line (such as the lowermost light blue curve in the graph 4a and the graph 4 b). The area enclosed by the 75 th quantile flow line and the maximum possible flow line is the maximum possible excess flow for the month (e.g., the green area in fig. 4a is the maximum possible excess flow for the month), and the area enclosed by the 25 th quantile flow line and the minimum flow line is the maximum possible insufficient flow (e.g., the red area in fig. 4b is the maximum possible insufficient flow for the month).
And 5, dividing the maximum surplus runoff and the maximum insufficient runoff of the month according to the seasons corresponding to the months to obtain the maximum surplus runoff (such as a green area in fig. 5 a) and the maximum insufficient runoff (such as a red area in fig. 5 b) of the season in each season. The maximum excess runoff possible for a year, the maximum insufficient runoff possible for a month results in the maximum excess runoff possible for a year (e.g. green area in fig. 6 a), the maximum insufficient runoff possible for a year (e.g. red area in fig. 6 a).
And 6, subtracting the 75 th quantile flow of the corresponding time from the daily average flow of the year, and accumulating and summing to obtain the annual excess runoff. And subtracting the 75 th quantile flow from the daily maximum flow to obtain the daily maximum surplus flow, and then accumulating and summing the daily maximum possible surplus flows to obtain the annual maximum surplus flow. The annual excess runoff divided by the maximum possible excess runoff for the year yields the annual ecological surplus (as the cyan portion in fig. 7).
And 7, subtracting the 25 th quantile flow of the corresponding time from the daily average flow of the year, and accumulating and summing to obtain the insufficient runoff. And subtracting the 25 th quantile flow from the daily minimum flow to obtain the daily maximum possible insufficient runoff, and then accumulating and summing the daily maximum possible insufficient runoff to obtain the annual maximum possible insufficient runoff. The annual ecological deficit was obtained by dividing the annual deficit runoff by the maximum annual possible deficit runoff (yellow part in fig. 7).
And 8, calculating the season ecological surplus, the season ecological deficit, the month ecological surplus and the month ecological deficit, wherein the calculation process is similar to the year ecological surplus and the year ecological deficit, and the specific formula is shown in the formulas 1-6. Wherein months 3 to 5 are spring, months 6 to 8 are summer, months 9 to 11 are autumn, and months 12 to 2 are winter (as shown in fig. 8).
Fig. 9-10 demonstrate the problems of the original method of obtaining seasonal ecological deficit and annual ecological deficit by accumulating monthly ecological deficit. Fig. 9a shows the calculated monthly ecological surplus and monthly ecological deficit in 2006 according to the present invention, and fig. 9b shows the calculated monthly ecological surplus and monthly ecological deficit in the original method. FIG. 10a shows the calculated season ecology surplus of the present invention, and FIG. 10b shows the original method
The season ecological surplus and the season ecological deficit obtained by accumulating the month ecological surplus and the month ecological deficit of the month corresponding to each season are accumulated. The results of the two methods are detailed in tables 1-2. In summer, the maximum ecological deficit of 6 months to 8 months calculated by the original method is-0.39, the maximum ecological deficit of the season is-0.47, and the season scale ecological deficit of the original method is larger than the month scale ecological deficit, which shows that the season ecological situation is more unfavorable than the month scale situation, but the maximum ecological deficit of the month of 6 months to 8 months is only-0.47, and the two contradicts. The maximum ecological deficit calculated in the invention is-0.91 in 6-8 months, and the maximum ecological deficit is-0.47, preferably gram in seasonThe original method is contradictory;
fig. 11 demonstrates that the ecological deficit calculated by the invention has a measurement scale and can be clearly compared with the worst case. Taking data of 2002-2012 of the screen mountain station as an example, fig. 11a is annual ecological surplus and annual ecological deficit calculated by the invention, and fig. 11b is annual ecological surplus and annual ecological deficit calculated by the original method, and the calculation results of the two methods are detailed in table 3. Taking 2011 as an example, the original method obtains the annual ecological deficit by accumulating the seasonal ecological deficit
The annual ecological declination obtained in 2011 is-1.38, and the severity of the ecological runoff in the current situation cannot be judged by the-1.38 because the worst index reference is not available. The calculated annual ecological declination of the invention is-0.54, and the invention can know the unfavorable degree of the ecological runoff situation of the river by comparing with-1.
TABLE 1 comparison of monthly ecological surplus and seasonal ecological surplus data calculated by the present invention and the original method
TABLE 2 comparison of monthly ecological deficit and seasonal ecological deficit data calculated by the method
TABLE 3 comparison of annual ecological surplus and annual ecological deficit data calculated by the present invention and the original method
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. An improved river ecological runoff evaluation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1), collecting year-by-year daily flow data of a long sequence of the analyzed hydrological station;
step 2), determining a 25 th quantile flow process line and a 75 th quantile flow process line;
step 3), calculating a possible maximum flow process line and a possible minimum flow process line;
step 4), for the determined year, calculating runoff lower than the 25 th quantile flow process line every month according to the daily flow process line of the year to obtain insufficient runoff of the month; calculating runoff of the flow process line lower than the 25 th quantile per month according to the possible minimum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum insufficient runoff per month, wherein the ratio of the possible maximum insufficient runoff per month to the possible maximum insufficient runoff per month is the ecological red of the month;
step 5), for the determined year, calculating runoff exceeding a 75 th quantile flow process line in each month according to a daily flow process line of the year to obtain redundant runoff of the month; calculating runoff higher than 75 quantile flow process line per month according to the possible maximum flow process line to obtain the possible maximum surplus runoff per month; the ratio of the surplus runoff of the month to the maximum possible surplus runoff of the month is the ecological surplus of the month;
step 6), calculating ecological deficit and ecological surplus of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, wherein the spring is in 3-5 months, the summer is in 6-8 months, the autumn is in 9-11 months, and the winter is in 12-2 months of the next year;
and 7) calculating annual ecological Chi and annual ecological surplus.
2. The improved river ecological runoff evaluation method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps: based on the daily flow data of the years long series, the 25 th quantile flow and the 75 th quantile flow of the day are calculated from the daily flow data of the same day every year, the 25 th quantile flow of each day forms a 25 th quantile flow process line, and the 75 th quantile flow of each day forms a 75 th quantile flow process line.
3. The improved river ecological runoff evaluation method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: based on the long-term series of daily flow data, searching the daily maximum flow and the daily minimum flow from the daily flow data of the same day every year, wherein the maximum flow of each day forms a maximum flow process line, and the minimum flow of each day forms a minimum flow process line.
4. The improved river ecological runoff evaluation method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the step 4) specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the daily flux process line of any year with the 25 th quantile flux process line and the possible minimum flux process line, and calculating the ecological deficit of each month according to the following formula, namely:
wherein m represents month, m =1,2,3, \8230;, 12; n is the number of days per month, e.g. when m =1, n =31; q i Is daily flow rate, unit is m 3 /s；Q i,25％ Is 25 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,min Is the daily minimum flow in m 3 /s；ED m Is an ecological red word in the month of the year, and the value range is-1 to 0.
5. The improved river ecological runoff evaluation method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the daily flow process line of any year with the 75 th percentile flow process line and the possible maximum flow process line, and calculating the ecological surplus of each month according to the following formula, namely:
in the formula, Q i,75％ Is 75 th quantile daily flow rate in m 3 /s；Q i,max Is the maximum daily flow in m 3 /s；ES m The value range is 0-1 for the ecological surplus of the month m in the year, and the other values are the same as the formula (1).
6. The improved method for evaluating ecological runoff of river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific calculation process of the step 6) is as follows:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) spring Is ecological red in the season; ES (ES) spring The ecological surplus of the season is obtained; s is the number of days per season, spring S =92, summer S =92, fall S =91, winter S =90.
7. The improved river ecological runoff evaluation method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the step 7) is respectively calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: ED (electronic device) a Is a year ecological red word; ES (ES) a The surplus is the annual ecology; y is the number of days of the year, and is 365 or 366.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115860421A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Ecological flow dynamic calculation method and system adaptive to target guarantee rate |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115860421A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Ecological flow dynamic calculation method and system adaptive to target guarantee rate |
| CN115860421B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-08-29 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Ecological flow dynamic calculation method and system adapting to target guarantee rate |
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