CN115310385A - Method for evaluating habitat risk of spawning site - Google Patents
Method for evaluating habitat risk of spawning site Download PDFInfo
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- CN115310385A CN115310385A CN202211031819.5A CN202211031819A CN115310385A CN 115310385 A CN115310385 A CN 115310385A CN 202211031819 A CN202211031819 A CN 202211031819A CN 115310385 A CN115310385 A CN 115310385A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a habitat risk evaluation method for a spawning site, belongs to the technical field of environmental hydraulics, and can solve the problems that the existing habitat risk evaluation method cannot well evaluate the habitat environment of fishes and further cannot provide guidance suggestions for protecting fish habitats. The method comprises the following steps: s1, determining at least one habitat influence factor of a target fish; s2, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the habitat influence factor; and S3, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the simulation value and a fuzzy rule. The invention is used for evaluation of habitat risk of the spawning site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a habitat risk assessment method for a spawning site, and belongs to the technical field of environmental hydraulics.
Background
In the river ecosystem, fish is a main biological factor, and the growth and the propagation of the fish are closely related to the aquatic environment of the habitat. The fish has strong and quick response to the temperature change in the living environment, and is an ideal indicator species for detecting and recording the climate change to the fresh water ecosystem. In recent years, the development and use of rivers on a large scale have changed the natural states of the hydrological situation, hydrodynamic force, and water environment of the river, and the environment of a fish spawning site has been destroyed, thereby threatening the survival of fish. The research developed aiming at the fish habitat has important significance for better understanding the influence of reservoir construction on a river ecosystem and is an important means for fish resource protection.
The water temperature is one of important parameters in the water environment, and the change of the water temperature can directly affect the water environment. The water temperature is used as a limiting factor for determining the physiology and behavior of aquatic species, and exceeding the optimal temperature threshold range can result in abnormal proliferation and development of aquatic species, and in extreme cases even death and extinction of aquatic species, and change in species distribution and species abundance. The body temperature of the fish as a temperature-changing animal cannot be maintained, the body temperature of the fish changes along with the change of the ambient water temperature, generally speaking, the body temperature of the fish and the temperature in the surrounding water environment have a difference range of 0.5-1.7 ℃, and compared with the common terrestrial vertebrate, the fish as an aquatic vertebrate has higher sensitivity to the temperature change. The reproduction and growth of the fish population in the natural environment mainly depend on the normal hatching rate of fish fertilized eggs, and the development of the fish population is important for knowing and avoiding abnormal hatching of the fish eggs in advance.
With the continuous development and utilization of upstream hydroelectric energy of yellow river in recent years, the integrity of the habitat of fishes is damaged to a certain extent, so that a series of adverse effects are generated on fish egg hatching of the fishes. However, the existing fish living space risk evaluation system and method are single in evaluation factor, and cannot well evaluate the fish habitat environment, and further cannot provide guidance suggestions for fish habitat protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a habitat risk evaluation method for a spawning site, which can solve the problems that the existing habitat risk evaluation method cannot well evaluate the habitat environment of fishes and further cannot provide guidance suggestions for protecting fish habitats.
The invention provides a method for evaluating habitat risk of a spawning site, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining at least one habitat influence factor of a target fish;
s2, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the habitat influence factors;
and S3, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the simulation value and the fuzzy rule.
Optionally, the S3 specifically includes:
s31, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and inputting the simulation value into the fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated;
and S32, determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated.
Optionally, the S32 specifically includes:
s321, defuzzifying the fuzzy set to obtain a habitat risk index of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated;
and S322, comparing the habitat risk index with a risk grade threshold value, and determining the habitat risk grade of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
Optionally, the S2 specifically includes:
s21, dividing each habitat influence factor into L, M, H three levels, and determining a membership function of each level of habitat influence factor;
and S22, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the membership function of each level of habitat influence factor.
Optionally, the habitat influence factor includes flow velocity, water depth and 15d accumulated temperature.
Optionally, before the S3, the method further includes:
s4, constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated;
correspondingly, the obtaining of the simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated in the S3 specifically includes:
and acquiring a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated according to the hydrodynamic model.
Optionally, S4 specifically is:
constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated, and constructing a water temperature model of the river reach to be evaluated based on the hydrodynamic model;
correspondingly, the obtaining of the simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated in the S3 specifically includes:
and acquiring the simulation values of the flow velocity and the water depth in the river reach to be evaluated according to the hydrodynamic model, and acquiring the simulation value of the 15d accumulated temperature in the river reach to be evaluated according to the water temperature model.
Optionally, after S3, the method further includes:
and S5, performing ecological restoration on the river reach to be evaluated according to the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
Optionally, the expression form of the membership function is a trapezoid or a triangle.
Optionally, the method adopted by the defuzzification processing is an area center method.
The invention can produce beneficial effects that:
according to the habitat risk assessment method for the spawning ground, provided by the invention, by applying the concepts of fuzzy comprehensive logic and roe hatching risk indexes and combining a hydraulics model to establish a habitat risk assessment model for the fish spawning ground based on the ecological requirements of typical plateau schizothorax roe hatching after dam building, an extremely-adaptive habitat wildlife restoration scheme is provided, and a natural-simulated artificial auxiliary hatching method is adopted to improve the quality and enhance the effect of inferior spawning ground areas in a research field. The invention improves the situation and the accuracy of river management and fish habitat protection, reduces the management and protection cost, expands the application range and improves the application effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating a habitat risk of a spawning site according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of fuzzy rules of target fish according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of an evaluation of the egg survival risk according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for evaluating the habitat risk of a spawning site, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, determining at least one habitat influence factor of the target fish.
The habitat environment is influenced by a plurality of factors, and fuzzy complex relationships and causal relationships exist among the factors. The influencing factors are in turn interactively interrelated, and the combination thereof provides a living environment for the fish.
Different fishes may correspond to different habitat influence factors, the type of the target fish is not limited in the embodiment of the invention, and the target fish can be various wild fishes such as Gymnocypris farinosa. The invention takes a wild fish spawning site under a sheep-koji dam as an example to analyze water environment factors, and takes dominant fingerling, namely Gymnocypris przewalskii, as a target fish to research the target water environment factors of the ecological requirements of spawn incubation. The habitat influencing factors may include flow velocity, water depth, 15d accumulated temperature and the like.
And S2, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the habitat influence factors.
The invention adopts a fuzzy logic method to simulate the uncertainty concept judgment and reasoning thinking mode of human brain, adopts fuzzy set and fuzzy rule to carry out reasoning on a description system with unknown or uncertain model, expresses transitional boundary or qualitative knowledge experience, carries out fuzzy comprehensive judgment, and solves the problem of regular fuzzy information which is difficult to deal with by the conventional method.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
and S21, dividing each habitat influence factor into L, M, H three levels, and determining a membership function of each level of habitat influence factor.
The expression form of the membership function can be a trapezoid or a triangle.
And S22, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the membership function of each level of habitat influence factor.
According to the data and expert knowledge related to ecology of the fuzzy set of the existing habitat, the flow speed, the depth and the 15d accumulated temperature are defined as low (L), medium (M) and high (H), the membership degree (0-1) is distributed according to the survey result of the habitat of the target fish and the ecological niche of the habitat factor occupied by the target fish in the habitat, a trapezoidal or triangular membership function of the fuzzy set is established, and the membership degree and the rule set of the fuzzy function are finally established according to the membership degree and the expert knowledge (see figure 2).
And S3, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the simulation value and a fuzzy rule.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and inputting the simulation value into a fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated.
And S32, determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated.
Wherein, S32 specifically includes:
and S321, performing defuzzification processing on the fuzzy set to obtain the habitat risk index of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
In practical application, the area center method in the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox can be adopted to defuzzify the result, that is, the center of gravity of the region surrounded by the output fuzzy set curve is calculated, which is a relatively common defuzzification method. And converting the output SRI (ecological Risk Index) fuzzy set into an accurate value based on 0-1, wherein 0 is completely high Risk and 1 is completely low Risk. The SRI refers to the risk of hatching the fish eggs of the target fishes by the habitat influencing factors and is used for representing the interference of the river environment factors on the hatching of the fish eggs.
And S322, comparing the habitat risk index with a risk grade threshold value, and determining the habitat risk grade of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
Referring to table 1, the habitat risk levels may be classified into three levels, i.e., low risk, medium risk and high risk, according to the equal range method, which correspond to type III, type II and type I habitats, respectively.
TABLE 1 spawning ground roe incubation risk grade classification table
| SRI | Spawning ground classification | Risk level | Means of |
| [0.7，1) | ClassⅠ | High risk | The habitat conditions can not meet the fish egg hatching conditions |
| [0.3，0.7) | ClassⅡ | Middle risk | The habitat conditions can basically meet the fish egg hatching conditions |
| [0，0.3) | ClassⅢ | Low risk | Can provide suitable habitat conditions for fish egg hatching |
In this embodiment of the present invention, before S3, the method further includes:
s4, constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated, and constructing a water temperature model of the river reach to be evaluated based on the hydrodynamic model.
Correspondingly, the step of obtaining the simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated in the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
and acquiring the simulation values of the flow speed and the water depth in the river reach to be evaluated according to the hydrodynamic model, and acquiring the simulation value of the 15d accumulated temperature in the river reach to be evaluated according to the water temperature model.
In this embodiment, a hydrodynamic model from a dragon sheep gorge hydropower station to a sheep bent hydropower station along a yellow river can be constructed by using the HD module in the MIKE 3FM model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the reservoir area. The MIKE software is simulation software which is jointly developed by multiple experts and applied to engineering-related problems related to water, and the MIKE 3FM model is based on a 3D incompressible Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and simultaneously satisfies hydrostatic hypothesis and Boussinesq hypothesis. The density term in the MIKE 3FM hydrodynamic module adopts a ramp pressure mode, and can calculate the heat transfer in the water body and the heat exchange process between the water body and the atmosphere, and thus the change of the density of the water body due to the temperature change.
The temperature convection diffusion equation is:
in the above formula: t is water temperature; u, v, w are the velocity components in the x, y, z directions, respectively; (Dh, dv) are the temperature diffusion coefficients in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively;
is the source term for heat exchange from the atmosphere and S is the other temperature source term.
The construction of the water temperature model is based on the hydrodynamic model, different parameters are set by combining data of the Longyang gorge meteorological station and the Tang Nai seawater meteorological station, so that the water temperature model is suitable for actual conditions, and the water temperature of the river reach to be evaluated is simulated.
The accumulated temperature is an index for researching the relation between the temperature and the development speed of the biological organism, and the influence of the temperature on the growth and development of the biological organism is expressed in two aspects of strength and action time, and is generally expressed by d ℃. The hatching accumulated temperature of the fish eggs means that the fertilized eggs of the fish eggs begin from the occurrence of the first cleavage until the embryo hatches the required total heat, and the calculation formula of the hatching accumulated temperature can be expressed as follows:
wherein K (d ℃) is incubation accumulated temperature and T j (. Degree. C.) is the water temperature during development, D j (d) Days of continued development.
Therefore, after the water temperature of the river reach to be evaluated is obtained through the water temperature model simulation, the simulated value of the 15d accumulated temperature of the river reach to be evaluated can be directly calculated by utilizing the accumulated temperature formula.
In the embodiment of the invention, comprehensive analysis and risk grading are carried out by combining the monthly average space-time distribution condition of 15d accumulated temperature, water depth and flow rate of the backwater section of the Longyang fIang reservoir after the construction of the mutton-koji hydropower station and the ecological requirements of fish egg hatching by adopting a fish egg hatching risk grading rule based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
According to the current domestic research results about the living habits and spawning and hatching conditions of the Gymnocypris przewalskii, the suitable water depth range for hatching the Gymnocypris przewalskii eggs is finally determined to be 0.6-2.0m by combining with field investigation, the suitable range flow rate is 0.3-0.8m/s, and the hatching accumulated temperature is 157.5d ℃, so that the suitable risk curves of the water depth, the flow rate and the hatching accumulated temperature of the fishes in the river section of the wild fish spawning site protection area in the breeding period can be determined.
According to the risk level, the river reach is divided into an area I, an area II and an area III, wherein the area I represents a high risk area, the area II represents a medium risk area, the area III represents a low risk area, and all indexes of the low risk area are in the most suitable range for the survival of fishes in the spawning site. The result of the space-time distribution of the survival risk of the fish eggs is shown in figure 3.
From the distribution condition of the risk area, the situation from the Ma Ge Tang to the wild fox gorge section is at high risk, the habitat conditions of the monitoring point of the Potentilla trabeculosa and the downstream river section thereof are better, and the habitat conditions required by hatching the macy carps can be met to a great extent.
In this embodiment of the present invention, after S3, the method further includes:
and S5, performing ecological restoration on the river reach to be evaluated according to the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
The invention uses the assessment method to carry out fine local river reach risk assessment, and specifically makes an upstream hydropower station ecological scheduling scheme, and can adopt measures of laying monitoring points in a key area to observe water temperature and water depth, placing a cold water artificial fish nest and the like in real time for the picked high-risk section, thereby providing a specific restoration scheme and technical support for ecological restoration engineering in the area. From the Mag pond to the Raynaud village section, the width-depth ratio is small, the river section is relatively narrow and deep, the flood beach of the river is not developed, the river valley is U-shaped, the river channel can be considered to be widened in a grading way, a three-level beach structure is shaped, the river channel and the main river channel are combined in the flood pulse period to provide more habitat areas and diversity for aquatic organisms, the shallow water depth, the slow flow rate and rich baits provide spawning sites, breeding sites and shelters for some fishes to avoid flood, and the effect of effectively protecting the fishes in the fish breeding period is achieved.
The specific repair scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
aiming at a high-risk Class I area, shore reinforcing protection is mainly carried out, detecting instrument equipment is arranged, real-time monitoring and control work of water level and water temperature is carried out on a habitat, so that natural incoming flow is ensured, and fishes in a spawning site area can successfully pass through a breeding period and an oviposition period.
Aiming at the Class II area with intermediate risk, the artificial fish nests of the cold water-based fishes can be placed on the basis of bank protection for propagation and releasing. The artificial fish nest can be put in a certain amount of proliferation water areas as required, the adhesion substrates carried by the circular floating frame and the arc-shaped plate can provide breeding places for oviposited fishes with sticky eggs, gravel and fine sand paved on the bottom sand cylinder can provide breeding places for oviposited fishes with embedded eggs, and the adhesion substrates tied on the inner side of the arc-shaped plate can provide nesting convenience for nesting fishes. Algae or other aquatic plants serving as adhesive substrates on the circular floating frame and the arc-shaped plates and fine sand in the sand cylinder can provide sheltering places for newly hatched fries, and the long-term growth can play a role in ecological restoration.
For the low risk Class iii zone, the natural state is maintained without additional human intervention.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a fixed sampling point of a tail backwater variation section of a downstream dragon sheep fyng reservoir of a sheep koji hydropower station is used as a research object for continuously monitoring the environment risk of the wild spawning site of Gymnocypris przewalskii for many years, a space-time distribution simulation of a hydraulicparameter based on the ecological requirement of roe incubation is performed according to the ecological requirement of roe incubation, a habitat risk assessment model of the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii habitat is constructed, habitat risk assessment of fishes in the spawning period after dam construction is carried out, a habitat wilding restoration scheme with high adaptability is provided according to different risk levels, scientific basis is provided for optimizing the ecological scheduling process of the hydropower station and protecting the habitat of fishes in a river channel under the dam, and ecological environment problems generated by hydropower development are favorably relieved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for estimating habitat risk of a spawning site, the method comprising:
s1, determining at least one habitat influence factor of a target fish;
s2, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the habitat influence factor;
and S3, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the simulation value and the fuzzy rule.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein S3 specifically comprises:
s31, obtaining a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated, and inputting the simulation value into the fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated;
and S32, determining the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated according to the fuzzy set of the river reach to be evaluated.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the S32 specifically includes:
s321, defuzzifying the fuzzy set to obtain a habitat risk index of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated;
s322, comparing the habitat risk index with a risk grade threshold value, and determining the habitat risk grade of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein S2 specifically comprises:
s21, dividing each habitat influence factor into L, M, H three levels, and determining a membership function of each level of habitat influence factor;
and S22, establishing a fuzzy rule of the target fish according to the membership function of each level of habitat influence factor.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the habitat influence factors comprise flow rate, water depth and 15d temperature buildup.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein prior to S3, the method further comprises:
s4, constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated;
correspondingly, the obtaining of the simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated in the S3 specifically includes:
and acquiring a simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated according to the hydrodynamic model.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein S4 is specifically:
constructing a hydrodynamic model of the river reach to be evaluated, and constructing a water temperature model of the river reach to be evaluated based on the hydrodynamic model;
correspondingly, the step of obtaining the simulation value of the habitat influence factor in the river reach to be evaluated in the step S3 is specifically as follows:
and acquiring the simulation values of the flow velocity and the water depth in the river reach to be evaluated according to the hydrodynamic model, and acquiring the simulation value of the 15d accumulated temperature in the river reach to be evaluated according to the water temperature model.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein after the S3, the method further comprises:
and S5, performing ecological restoration on the river reach to be evaluated according to the habitat risk level of the target fish in the river reach to be evaluated.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the membership function is in the form of a trapezoid or a triangle.
10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the defuzzification process uses an area-centric approach.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116523405A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Assessment method, system, equipment and medium for cold water fish spawning site |
| CN117541078A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-09 | 交通运输部规划研究院 | Ecological protection strategy customizing method based on artificial canal development |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116523405A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Assessment method, system, equipment and medium for cold water fish spawning site |
| CN116523405B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2024-05-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Assessment method, system, equipment and medium for cold water fish spawning site |
| CN117541078A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-09 | 交通运输部规划研究院 | Ecological protection strategy customizing method based on artificial canal development |
| CN117541078B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-05-28 | 交通运输部规划研究院 | Ecological protection strategy customizing method based on artificial canal development |
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