CN115308053A - Device and method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of reservoir - Google Patents
Device and method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rocks in a reservoir, which comprises a hooke cavity, a measuring tool and a pressure control unit; the method comprises the following steps: s1, measuring the mass and density of a rock sample, and placing the rock sample into a Hooke cavity; s2, loading periodic oscillation stress along the axial direction of the sample; s3, loading periodic oscillation confining pressure: the initial confining pressure frequency, the amplitude lambda 0 and the phase phi 0 are the same as the axial loading stress; s4, measuring strain: measuring the global axial and radial strain of the sample; s5, loading longitudinal wave stress conditions: s4, recording the radial strain of the rock side, locking the amplitude and the phase of the radial strain of the radial rock by using a phase-locked loop algorithm when the radial strain of the rock side is not 0, modifying the amplitude Lambda 0 and the phase Phi 0 of the periodic oscillation confining pressure, locking the amplitude and the phase until the measured radial strain becomes 0, and recording the axial strain; and S6, calculating the longitudinal wave modulus. The invention can realize the following effects: and directly measuring the longitudinal wave modulus of the heterogeneous rock in the seismic frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of a reservoir.
Background
Reservoir conditions are simulated in a laboratory, and the measurement of longitudinal wave velocity of reservoir rock is an important method. More classically, ultrasonic measurement is also called as 'traveling wave method' measurement, and the measurement frequency is about 1MHz and far higher than the seismic wave frequency, so that when the frequency dispersion effect exists, the measurement result of the traveling wave method cannot restrict and explain seismic exploration data. To this end, researchers have developed seismic frequency laboratory elastic modulus measurements in recent years, and existing measurement techniques include the resonance rod method, the Differential Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (DARS) method, and the stress-strain method.
The resonant rod method is to make a rock sample into a rod shape and excite it by piezoelectric, static or electromagnetic force to vibrate it in one of torsional, tensile or flexural resonance modes, thereby obtaining strain. The advantage of this method is that it can be applied to measurements over a fairly broad but discontinuous frequency range by varying the length of the sample, with the disadvantage that the sample must be long enough to make a lower frequency measurement. Therefore, continuous measurement of a single rock sample over a wide frequency range is both difficult and inefficient; the Differential Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (DARS) method is similar to that of the resonance rod technique, and its measurement principle is to measure the shift of the resonant frequency of a cavity that is disturbed by the introduction of a small object. Differential Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy (DARS) methods are used to estimate compressibility and density of different samples, especially irregularly shaped samples. However, the frequency points used in this method come from the resonance of the measurement system and therefore limit the number of available frequencies. Both methods use the resonance mode of the device to obtain measurements, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of resonance on the mechanical measurements. However, the measuring frequencies of the two methods are quite discrete, and effective information which can be obtained only by measuring a plurality of continuous frequency ranges is omitted; in addition to the two methods described above, the stress-strain method is to obtain the young's modulus and poisson's ratio of a rock sample by recording the magnitude and phase of the loading stress, and its induced axial and radial strains.
The measurement principle shows that the premise of using the traditional method for measurement is that the rock sample is uniform, so that the obtained Young modulus and Poisson's ratio can be used for calculating the longitudinal wave modulus and further calculating the longitudinal wave velocity. However, it is the actual situation that most rock samples are heterogeneous, such as rocks containing fluids, cracks, etc. The longitudinal wave modulus calculated using young's modulus and poisson's ratio is not accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for accurately and reliably measuring longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock under reservoir conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rocks in a reservoir, and the method can effectively overcome the local effect of the traditional method for measuring the heterogeneous rocks.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a device for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of a reservoir comprises a Hooke cavity, a measuring tool and a pressure control unit;
the hooke cavity comprises a triaxial autoclave, the inner wall of the triaxial autoclave is provided with a water bath heating pipe, and the water bath heating pipe is connected with a water bath main control; a hydraulic cylinder piston and an LVDT strain gauge are arranged on the triaxial pressure kettle; the hydraulic cylinder piston is used for loading axial pressure in the triaxial pressure kettle; the LVDT strain gauge is used for recording the distance of the top axial pressure drop of the hydraulic cylinder piston;
the measuring tool comprises an upper chuck and a lower chuck; the rock sample is positioned between the upper chuck and the lower chuck; the axial turbine strain gauge is arranged at two ends of a rock sample and is respectively connected with the upper clamping head and the lower clamping head; the radial turbine strain gauge is arranged on the side surface of the rock sample;
the bottom of the lower chuck is arranged in an aluminum positioning clamping groove embedded in the triaxial pressure kettle; piezoelectric sources are arranged in the upper chuck and the lower chuck;
the upper chuck and the lower chuck are internally provided with longitudinal wave ultrasonic probes and transverse wave ultrasonic probes;
embedded fluid pipelines are arranged in the upper chuck and the lower chuck;
the embedded fluid pipeline, the inner cavity of the triaxial pressure kettle and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with a hydraulic pump;
the pressure control unit comprises a hydraulic pump and a circulating confining pressure oil storage tank;
the LVDT strain gauge, the radial turbine strain gauge, the axial turbine strain gauge, the semiconductor strain gauge, the longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe and the transverse wave ultrasonic probe are respectively connected with a 24-bit high-precision acquisition card, and the 24-bit high-precision acquisition card, the hydraulic pump and the piezoelectric source are connected with a master control computer.
A method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of a reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a heterogeneous rock sample with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 100mm from a reservoir, measuring the mass and the density of the rock, and placing the rock sample into a Hooke cavity.
S2, loading periodic oscillation stress along the axial direction of the sample, wherein the amplitude is lambada 0, the phase position is phi 0, the amplitude attenuation is not more than 10% under the high-frequency condition, the stress amplitude is about 1MPa, and the rock strain is not more than 10 -6 The frequency oscillation range is 1-100Hz.
S3, loading periodic oscillation confining pressure: and loading periodic oscillation confining pressure on the rock sample.
The confining pressure loading system consists of a pressure control unit, a hydraulic pump, a circulating confining pressure oil storage tank, a semiconductor strain gauge and an embedded fluid pipeline. The pressure control unit is responsible for the accurate control hydraulic pump, but accurate control hole pressure and confined pressure. The semiconductor strain gauge is arranged in the hooke cavity, and feeds back the current pressure value to the pressure control unit. The initial confining pressure frequency, the amplitude Λ 0 and the phase position Φ 0 are the same as the axial loading stress.
S4, measuring strain: the global axial and radial strains of the sample were measured. The radial turbine strain gauge and the axial turbine strain gauge for measurement are provided with a measurement 10 -6 The ability to level strain. The invention installs turbine strain gauges axially and radially on the sample to record the axial strain and the radial strain of the rock. The longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe and the transverse wave ultrasonic probe are embedded in the upper chuck and the lower chuck and used for verifying low-frequency measurement results.
S5, loading longitudinal wave stress conditions: and S4, recording the radial strain of the rock side, wherein the value of the radial strain is usually not 0, locking the amplitude and the phase of the radial strain of the radial rock by using a phase-locked loop algorithm, feeding the result back to the pressure control system shown in the step S3, modifying the amplitude Λ 0 and the phase Φ 0 of the periodic oscillation confining pressure, and locking the amplitude and the phase of the hydraulic pump until the radial strain measured in the step S4 is 0. The axial strain is recorded.
S6, calculating longitudinal wave modulus: calculating the longitudinal wave modulus by using the axial stress and the strain:
where F is the amplitude of the axially loaded stress,
is the axial strain of the rock sample; calculating the velocity of longitudinal wave by using the modulus and density of longitudinal wave
The longitudinal wave attenuation of a rock sample can be calculated as follows:
wherein ,
is the longitudinal wave attenuation of the rock sample,
and
the phases of stress and axial strain, respectively.
Compared with the existing experimental equipment, technology and method, the method of the invention can realize the following effects: and directly measuring the longitudinal wave modulus of the heterogeneous rock in the seismic frequency band. To illustrate the effects of the invention, two aspects are described:
(1) In terms of measurement principle, the conventional apparatus is to ensure the measurement 10 -6 The magnitude of strain, axial and radial strain measurements of homogeneous rock samples, typically using semiconductor strain gauges, after young's modulus and poisson's ratio are obtained, the longitudinal wave modulus is calculated. A prerequisite for using this method is that the sample is homogeneous. However, for inhomogeneous rocks, such as the presence of fluids or cracks in the rock, the above assumption is not true, the inhomogeneity has a great influence on the measurement results of both transverse and longitudinal strains, and the local effect of strain gauge measurement strains is unavoidable. Furthermore, the heterogeneity has a great influence on the poisson ratio, and the longitudinal wave modulus calculated based on it inherits errors. Aiming at the two defects existing in the traditional method, the invention provides the following steps: (1) global strain measurement, avoiding local influence, especially influence of transverse dynamic strain; (2) the boundary condition of the longitudinal wave modulus is loaded, the longitudinal wave modulus is directly measured, the influence of heterogeneity is fully considered, and meanwhile, errors caused by conversion by using other measurement results are reduced.
(2) In the aspect of measurement results, the precision of the measurement results is higher than that of the traditional measurement results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic test flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of longitudinal wave boundary condition loading effects in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; the light color is the radial strain after loading the boundary condition of the longitudinal wave, and the dark color is the axial strain;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the measurement results of the present invention with the conventional measurement results.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following presents an embodiment according to the solution, as shown in fig. 2, making a clear and complete description of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the device for directly measuring the frequency-dependent compressional wave velocity of the heterogeneous rock of the reservoir comprises a hooke cavity, a measuring tool and a pressure control unit;
the hooke cavity comprises a triaxial autoclave 1, a water bath heating pipe 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the triaxial autoclave 1, and the water bath heating pipe 5 is connected with a water bath main control 14; a hydraulic cylinder piston 2 and an LVDT strain gauge 13 are arranged on the triaxial pressure kettle 1; the hydraulic cylinder piston 2 is used for loading axial pressure in the triaxial pressure kettle 1; the LVDT strain gauge 13 is used for recording the distance of the top axial pressure reduction of the hydraulic cylinder piston 2;
the measuring tool comprises an upper chuck 4 and a lower chuck 17; the rock sample 7 is positioned between the upper chuck 4 and the lower chuck 17; the axial turbine strain gauges 16 are arranged at two ends of the rock sample 7 and are respectively connected with the upper chuck 4 and the lower chuck 17; the radial turbine strain gauge 6 is arranged on the side surface of the rock sample 7;
the bottom of the lower chuck 17 is arranged in an aluminum positioning clamping groove embedded in the three-axis pressure kettle 1; the upper clamping head 4 and the lower clamping head 17 are internally provided with piezoelectric sources 3;
the upper chuck 4 and the lower chuck 17 are internally provided with a longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe 9 and a transverse wave ultrasonic probe 18;
embedded fluid pipelines are arranged in the upper chuck 4 and the lower chuck 17;
the embedded fluid pipeline, the inner cavity of the triaxial pressure kettle 1 and the hydraulic cylinder piston 2 are respectively connected with a hydraulic pump 10;
a pressure control unit including a hydraulic pump 10 and a circulating confining pressure oil storage tank 15;
the LVDT strain gauge 13, the radial turbine strain gauge 6, the axial turbine strain gauge 16, the semiconductor strain gauge 8, the longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe 9 and the transverse wave ultrasonic probe 18 are respectively connected with a 24-bit high-precision acquisition card 11, and the 24-bit high-precision acquisition card 11, the hydraulic pump 10 and the piezoelectric source 3 are connected with a master control computer 12.
The measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a rock sample 7 with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 100mm, and placing the rock sample into a Hooke cavity.
In fig. 2, a rock sample 7 was placed in a hooke's chamber consisting of a three-axis autoclave 1, a hydraulic cylinder piston 2 and an LVDT strain gauge 13, with an internal diameter of 180mm and a height of 260mm. Wherein the hydraulic cylinder piston 2 is used for loading axial pressure, and the pressure range is 0-200 MPa. The effective measurement accuracy of the LVDT strain gauge 13 is about 0.1mm, and the LVDT strain gauge is responsible for recording the distance of the top axial pressure reduction.
And S2, loading periodic oscillation axial stress. The device is completed by a piezoelectric vibration source 3 in a figure 2, the diameter of the piezoelectric vibration source is 56 millimeters, the height of the piezoelectric vibration source is 36mm, the vibration frequency range is 0.01-100Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 0.1MPa.
And S3, loading periodic oscillation confining pressure on the test sample. A pressure control unit consisting of a hydraulic pump 10, namely a Quizix precision double pump, and a circulating confining pressure oil storage tank 15 loads periodic oscillation pressure, the initial pressure amplitude is 0.1MPa, the frequency is 0.5Hz, and the phase is 0. The master computer 12 is responsible for controlling the pressure.
S4, measuring axial strain and radial strain of the shale sample, wherein the measuring tool comprises: the device comprises an upper chuck 4, a radial turbine strain gauge 6, a rock sample 7, a semiconductor strain gauge 8, a longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe 9, an axial turbine strain gauge 16, a lower chuck 17 and a transverse wave ultrasonic probe 18;
the upper chuck 4 is made of stainless steel materials, the diameter of the upper part is 56 mm, the diameter of the lower part is 50mm, the height is 47 mm, and a fluid pipeline and a longitudinal and transverse wave ultrasonic probe are embedded in the upper chuck; the radial turbine strain gauge 6 is used for measuring global radial strain, and the measurement precision is about 0.01 micrometer; the semiconductor strain gauge 8 is 3.8 mm long, has a strain gauge factor of 130.8, and belongs to a traditional measurement method; the longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe 9 is embedded in the upper chuck 4 and the lower chuck 17, and the excitation frequency is 1MHz; the axial turbine strain gauge 16 is used for measuring the axial strain gauge, and the measurement and detection precision is about 0.01 micrometer; the lower chuck 17 is made of aviation aluminum, a P/S wave probe is embedded in the lower part of the lower chuck, and the bottom of the lower chuck is embedded in an aluminum positioning clamping groove embedded in the triaxial pressure kettle 1;
and S5, loading longitudinal wave boundary conditions. Axial and radial continuous strain is collected by the radial turbine strain gauge 6, the axial turbine strain gauge 16 and the 24-bit high-precision acquisition card 11, the collected result is input into the main control computer 12, the phase-locked loop algorithm written by Labview is used for locking to obtain the corrected amplitude and phase, the step S3 is operated until the radial strain in the step S4 is 0, and the output strain is shown in the graph 3. The light color signal is a radial strain result.
S6/stress and axial strain, the longitudinal wave modulus is calculated, and the result is shown in figure 4, the measurement result of the invention and the measurement result of the traditional method. The stiffness coefficient C33 dispersion was weak for the dried shale samples. The measurement result (fig. 4, solid point) of the present invention is consistent with the measurement result (fig. 4, square) of the ultrasonic frequency band, and is consistent with the preset theory, while the measurement result (hollow circle) of the conventional method is lower than the ultrasonic measurement result, and has an error with the preset theory value, so that the measurement result of the present invention is more consistent with the ultrasonic result.
Claims (5)
1. A device for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of a reservoir is characterized by comprising a Hooke cavity, a measuring tool and a pressure control unit;
the Huke cavity comprises a triaxial autoclave (1), a water bath heating pipe (5) is arranged on the inner wall of the triaxial autoclave (1), and the water bath heating pipe (5) is connected with a water bath main control (14); a hydraulic cylinder piston (2) and an LVDT strain gauge (13) are arranged on the triaxial autoclave (1); the hydraulic cylinder piston (2) is used for loading axial pressure in the three-axis pressure kettle (1); the LVDT strain gauge (13) is used for recording the distance of the top axial pressure reduction of the hydraulic cylinder piston (2);
the measuring tool comprises an upper clamping head (4) and a lower clamping head (17); the rock sample (7) is positioned between the upper clamping head (4) and the lower clamping head (17); the axial turbine strain gauge (16) is arranged at two ends of the rock sample (7) and is respectively connected with the upper chuck (4) and the lower chuck (17); the radial turbine strain gauge (6) is arranged on the side surface of the rock sample (7);
the bottom of the lower chuck (17) is arranged in an aluminum positioning clamping groove embedded in the three-axis pressure kettle (1); piezoelectric sources (3) are arranged in the upper chuck (4) and the lower chuck (17);
the upper chuck (4) and the lower chuck (17) are internally provided with a longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe (9) and a transverse wave ultrasonic probe (18);
embedded fluid pipelines are arranged in the upper clamping head (4) and the lower clamping head (17);
the embedded fluid pipeline, the inner cavity of the triaxial pressure kettle (1) and the hydraulic cylinder piston (2) are respectively connected with the hydraulic pump (10);
the semiconductor strain gauge (8) is arranged in the triaxial autoclave (1);
the pressure control unit comprises a hydraulic pump (10) and a circulating confining pressure oil storage tank (15);
the LVDT strain gauge (13), the radial turbine strain gauge (6), the axial turbine strain gauge (16), the semiconductor strain gauge (8), the longitudinal wave ultrasonic probe (9) and the transverse wave ultrasonic probe (18) are respectively connected with a 24-bit high-precision acquisition card (11), and the 24-bit high-precision acquisition card (11), the hydraulic pump (10) and the piezoelectric source (3) are connected with a master control computer (12).
2. A method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of a reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a heterogeneous rock sample from a reservoir, measuring the mass and density of the rock sample, and placing the rock sample into a hooke cavity;
s2, loading periodic oscillation stress along the axial direction of the sample;
s3, loading periodic oscillation confining pressure: loading periodic oscillation confining pressure on a rock sample;
accurately controlling the pore pressure and confining pressure; the initial confining pressure frequency, the amplitude lambda 0 and the phase phi 0 are the same as the axial loading stress;
s4, measuring strain: measuring the global axial and radial strain of the sample;
s5, loading longitudinal wave stress conditions: s4, recording the radial strain of the rock side, locking the amplitude and the phase of the radial strain of the radial rock by using a phase-locked loop algorithm when the radial strain of the rock side is not 0, modifying the amplitude Lambda 0 and the phase Phi 0 of the periodic oscillation confining pressure, locking the amplitude and the phase until the measured radial strain becomes 0, and recording the axial strain;
and S6, calculating the longitudinal wave modulus.
3. The method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent compressional wave velocity of the heterogeneous rock of the reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rock sample size in S1 is 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height.
4. The method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave velocity of heterogeneous rock of reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein S2 is loaded with periodic oscillation stress along the axial direction of the sample, the amplitude is Λ 0, the phase is Φ 0, the amplitude attenuation under high frequency is not more than 10%, the stress amplitude is about 1MPa, and the rock is strainedNot higher than 10 -6 The frequency oscillation range is 1-100Hz.
5. The method for directly measuring the frequency-dependent compressional velocity of the heterogeneous rock of the reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein S6 specifically comprises:
calculating the longitudinal wave modulus by using the axial stress and the strain:
where F is the amplitude of the axially loaded stress,
is the axial strain of the rock sample; calculating the velocity of longitudinal wave by using the modulus and density of longitudinal wave
The longitudinal wave attenuation of a rock sample can be calculated as follows:
wherein ,
is the longitudinal wave attenuation of the rock sample,
and
the phases of stress and axial strain, respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211058594.2A CN115308053B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Device and method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave speed of heterogeneous rock in reservoir |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211058594.2A CN115308053B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Device and method for directly measuring frequency-dependent longitudinal wave speed of heterogeneous rock in reservoir |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115308053A true CN115308053A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
| CN115308053B CN115308053B (en) | 2023-05-12 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116379767A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-07-04 | 无锡海古德新技术有限公司 | Three-dimensional hot-pressing vibration sintering furnace |
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| CN103278389A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 北京大学 | Method for synchronous measurements on dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks |
| CN103412336A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-11-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for predicting velocity of longitudinal wave of rock system in heterogeneous reservoir |
| CN107748116A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The density of soft rock and p-and s-wave velocity test system under a kind of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions |
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| CN103278389A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 北京大学 | Method for synchronous measurements on dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks |
| CN103412336A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-11-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for predicting velocity of longitudinal wave of rock system in heterogeneous reservoir |
| CN107748116A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The density of soft rock and p-and s-wave velocity test system under a kind of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116379767A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-07-04 | 无锡海古德新技术有限公司 | Three-dimensional hot-pressing vibration sintering furnace |
| CN116379767B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-10-10 | 无锡海古德新技术有限公司 | Three-dimensional hot-pressing oscillation sintering furnace |
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