CN115306375A - Device and method for early monitoring underground gas invasion based on oil-based drilling fluid - Google Patents
Device and method for early monitoring underground gas invasion based on oil-based drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 304
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/117—Detecting leaks, e.g. from tubing, by pressure testing
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas cut early monitoring device and method, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a filter, a small cavity, a small piston rod, a large cavity, a large piston rod, a small piston temperature and pressure sensor, a large piston temperature and pressure sensor, a stepping motor, a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve, a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve, a connecting control rod, a system power supply and a signal acquisition and processing digital circuit; the pressure monitoring curve is obtained by respectively measuring the changes of fluid pressure entering the large cavity and the small cavity, whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas or not is judged based on pattern recognition, so that whether gas invades a shaft or not is judged, the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment is calculated, the type of the invaded gas is preliminarily judged, and early warning and data support of well kick are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well drilling safety, in particular to an underground gas cut early-stage monitoring device and method for well drilling by using oil-based drilling fluid.
Background
In the process of oil development, the pressure safety of a shaft is always a key problem for restricting the development process of oil and gas. The blowout accident causes serious influence on production and environment, and even serious casualties. At present, the drilling technology in China is relatively mature, but with the comprehensive development of a new oil and gas reform, complicated factors such as a narrow safe density operation window, a carbonate reservoir with crack development, a high-temperature and high-pressure stratum and the like are inevitably encountered in the oil and gas drilling process, and the well kick and the well leakage accidents caused by the complicated factors seriously threaten the safety and the high efficiency of the drilling.
During drilling, pump failure, casing pressure reduction, tripping suction, etc. all cause the bottom hole pressure to be lower than the formation pressure, so that the wellbore is in an underbalanced state, and gas invasion may be initiated. The earlier the gas intrusion is discovered, the more time the operation management personnel can be fully treated, and the serious accidents can be reduced. So once gas cut occurs downhole, early discovery is the central priority of current downhole gas cut monitoring. Unlike water-based drilling fluids, when the drilling fluid in the wellbore is an oil-based drilling fluid, the ingressing gas dissolves in the oil-based drilling fluid under the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions to form a solution gas. If the early gas invasion monitoring device in the water-based drilling fluid commonly used at present is used, the early gas invasion monitoring device cannot timely and effectively monitor the early gas invasion, but in the process that the dissolved gas is transported to a wellhead from an overflow position along a shaft, along with the continuous reduction of the pressure and the temperature of the oil-based drilling fluid, the dissolved gas can be separated out to form free gas, so that well kick is generated, even serious blowout accidents occur, and the safety of drilling operation is influenced.
The solubility of gas in oil-based drilling fluid is not only influenced by temperature, pressure and gas types, but also is closely related to oil components, and because the oil components change quite complexly, no model can well summarize the solubility of gas in oil under different oil components at present, so for simplifying calculation, the solubility of gas in oil is uniformly calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, R so Solubility of gas in oil, m 3 /m 3 (ii) a A. B and D are constants.
a. b, c, n-empirical coefficients of correlation, the values of which are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The existing underground gas invasion early monitoring devices are mostly based on monitoring under the condition of water-based drilling fluid, and due to the fact that the oil-based drilling fluid can dissolve gas, the monitoring devices based on the water-based drilling fluid cannot monitor the early gas invasion of the oil-based drilling fluid. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an apparatus and a method for early monitoring of downhole gas invasion based on an oil-based drilling fluid, which can realize early monitoring of downhole gas invasion under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid, further calculate the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment, preliminarily judge the type of the invaded gas, realize early warning and data support of kick, and provide time and data for subsequent operators to complete operations such as killing wells.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas invasion early detection device and method, which are used for monitoring whether gas invades into a shaft annulus or not downhole and preliminarily judging the type of the invaded gas, so that time and data support is provided for subsequent operators, and the occurrence of serious blowout accidents is prevented.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an early detection device is invaded to gas in pit based on oil base drilling fluid, the device is installed on the measurement nipple joint of bottom hole assembly, includes: the system comprises a filter, a small cavity, a small piston rod, a large cavity, a large piston rod, a small piston temperature and pressure sensor, a large piston temperature and pressure sensor, a stepping motor, a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve, a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve, a connecting control rod, a system power supply and a signal acquisition and processing digital circuit;
the small cavity and the large cavity are both arranged in a shaft and fixed at the bottom of an underground drilling tool, shaft annulus oil-based drilling fluid is filled in the shaft, and the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve is arranged between the small cavity and the large cavity;
the small cavity is internally provided with the small piston, the small piston is connected with the small piston rod, and the small piston is also provided with a small piston temperature and pressure sensor;
the large piston is arranged in the large cavity, the large piston rod is connected onto the large piston, and a large piston temperature and pressure sensor is further mounted on the large piston;
the stepping motor is connected with the small piston rod and the large piston rod through a connecting control rod and respectively drives the small piston rod and the large piston rod to do linear motion from bottom to top along the axial direction of the shaft;
the shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve is arranged at the lower end of the small cavity, and the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus is filtered by the filter and then enters the inner space of the small cavity through the opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve;
the large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve is arranged at the top end of the large cavity, so that the fluid in the large cavity is discharged through the large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve;
the large piston temperature and pressure sensor and the small piston temperature and pressure sensor are both connected with the signal acquisition and processing circuit, and the signal acquisition and processing circuit and the stepping motor are both connected with the system power supply; the signal acquisition processing circuit records, stores and analyzes the uploaded data of the electric signals converted from the monitoring values by the sensor.
According to the invention, the small cavity and the large cavity are both cylinders.
According to the invention, the connection control rod is made of rigid material, and the middle part of the connection control rod is connected to the stepping motor and circularly reciprocates along the axial direction of the shaft.
According to the invention, preferably, two ends of the connecting control rod are respectively connected with the tail part of the small piston rod and the tail part of the large piston rod, the connecting control rod, the small piston and the large piston form a rigid mechanism which is connected with the stepping motor together, and the stepping motor drives the small piston and the large piston to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the shaft together.
According to the invention, the diameter ratio of the large cavity to the small cavity is preferably n:1, n ≧ 10.
An oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas cut early detection method is realized by the downhole gas cut early detection device, and the downhole gas cut early detection device completes a cycle reciprocating period every Ts, and comprises the following steps:
the pressure monitoring curve is obtained by respectively measuring the change of fluid pressure entering the large cavity and the small cavity, and whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas or not is judged based on pattern recognition, so that whether gas invades a shaft or not is judged, and then the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment is calculated, and the type of the invaded gas is preliminarily judged.
According to the invention, preferably, the downhole gas cut early detection device completes a cycle reciprocating period every Ts, and comprises the following steps:
opening a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve within 0-T/2s, closing the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, and driving a small piston and a large piston to respectively move linearly from bottom to top in the small cavity and the large cavity along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor; after being filtered by a filter, the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus enters the inner space of the small cavity through the opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve, and the small piston temperature and pressure sensor monitors the pressure of the fluid in the small cavity and uploads the pressure to form a fluid pressure monitoring value in the small cavity; meanwhile, the crude oil-based drilling fluid stored in the large cavity returns to the annular space of the well cylinder through the large cavity-well bore fluid one-way valve;
in T/2-Ts, closing a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve, opening the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, driving a small piston and a large piston to linearly move from top to bottom in the small cavity and the large cavity along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor, enabling the oil-based drilling fluid in the small cavity to enter the inner space of the large cavity through the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, and monitoring the pressure of the fluid in the large cavity by a large piston temperature and pressure sensor and uploading the pressure to form a fluid pressure monitoring value in the large cavity; one cycle is completed.
And drawing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve according to fluid pressure monitoring values obtained by monitoring the small piston temperature and pressure sensor and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor, wherein in the small cavity-large cavity pressure monitoring curve, the abscissa refers to the monitoring time of the small piston temperature and pressure sensor and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor on the fluid pressure in the cavity, and the ordinate refers to the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the cavity.
Further preferably, T =10.
According to the invention, preferably, whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas or not is judged based on pattern recognition, so that whether gas invades a shaft or not is judged, the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment is further calculated, and the type of the invaded gas is preliminarily judged, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the PVT equation, the ratio of the fluid pressure value 042 in the small cavity to the fluid pressure value in the large cavity is n 2 :1, drawing a curve of the pressure value in the cavity; in the pressure value curve in the cavity, the abscissa refers to the time for the fluid to flow through the small cavity and the large cavity, and the ordinate refers to the value of the fluid pressure in the cavity; and 2, step: and comparing and analyzing the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve and the cavity internal pressure value curve.
Monitoring the fluid pressure value of the small cavity and the large cavity in real time, if no gas invades a shaft, namely the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain dissolved gas, the fluid pressure monitoring curve of the small cavity and the large cavity corresponds to the ratio of the fluid pressure in the small cavity and the fluid pressure in the large cavity, namely the ratio of the fluid pressure monitoring value of the small cavity to the fluid pressure monitoring value of the large cavity is n under the condition that the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain the dissolved gas 2 :1, judging that no gas invades in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid at the moment and no gas invasion occurs, and returning to continue to carry out gas invasion early detection;
monitoring a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve in real time, wherein if gas invades a shaft, namely oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas, the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve does not correspond to the ratio of the fluid pressure in the small cavity to the fluid pressure in the large cavity, and the sudden rise of the fluid pressure monitoring value in the large cavity is monitored, wherein the sudden rise means that the position of a lower platform formed by the pressure monitoring value measured before is compared with the position of a lower platform in the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve; and the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the large cavity is greater than that of the fluid pressure in the large cavity when the solution gas is not contained, so that the condition that gas invades in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid is judged, the gas invasion is judged, and the step 3 is carried out;
and 3, step 3: and immediately feeding back gas invasion early warning, comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure real-time monitoring value curve with a cavity internal pressure curve, preliminarily judging the type of gas invading a shaft through pattern recognition, and providing timely and accurate information for subsequent operators.
Further preferably, the preliminary determination of the type of gas invading the wellbore by pattern recognition comprises:
and comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve formed by real-time monitoring with a cavity internal pressure curve calculated by an empirical formula, correcting by combining a pressure monitoring value in the large cavity, and then comparing the small cavity internal monitoring pressure curve with a small cavity internal pressure calculated value obtained by the empirical formula to preliminarily judge the type of the invading gas.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
and monitoring whether stratum gas invades in the annular space of the drilling shaft based on the oil-based drilling fluid in real time and preliminarily judging the type of the invaded gas. Whether stratum gas invasion and types exist can be accurately judged at the initial stage of the gas invasion stage, the gas invasion early monitoring is realized, and sufficient time and data support are provided for the preparation of subsequent killing operation.
The device has a simple structure, the main structure is two cavities with proportional diameters, and the inside of the device mainly comprises a large piston and a small piston which reciprocate together to suck the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus into the cavities and discharge the oil-based drilling fluid. According to the PVT equation (PV = nRT), after the oil-based drilling fluid in the small cavity flows into the large cavity, the oil-based drilling fluid pressure in the large cavity is reduced because the volume of the large cavity is larger than that of the small cavity. The method is characterized in that by utilizing the characteristics of the oil-based drilling fluid dissolved gas (pressure is reduced, gas is separated out after the pressure is lower than the bubble point pressure), if the oil-based drilling fluid contains the dissolved gas, the pressure reduction amplitude of the oil-based drilling fluid in the large cavity is reduced due to the fact that a part of pressure is generated by the gas separated out from the dissolved gas, and the pressure values corresponding to different types of the invaded gas in the large cavity are obtained through analysis and calculation by utilizing the formula (1), and the gas invasion and the invaded gas type are judged through mode identification, so that the gas invasion early monitoring is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas invasion monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention when the volume of the small cavity is zero;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention at an intermediate time of a cycle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention when the volume of the small cavity is maximum;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a small-to-large cavity pressure monitoring curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pressure curve in a chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
01. A wellbore annulus oil-based drilling fluid; 02. a small piston rod; 03. a small piston; 04. a small piston temperature and pressure sensor; 041. monitoring the fluid pressure in the small cavity; 042. the pressure value of the fluid in the small cavity; 05. a small cavity; 06. wellbore-small cavity fluid check valves; 07. small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve; 08. large cavity-wellbore fluid check valves; 09. a large cavity; 010. a large piston temperature and pressure sensor; 0101. monitoring the fluid pressure in the large cavity when no dissolved gas exists; 0102. when dissolved gas exists, the pressure monitoring value of the fluid in the large cavity is obtained; 0103. the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity is equal to the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity when no solution gas exists; 0104. the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity when dissolved gas exists; 011. a large piston; 012. a large piston rod; 013. the control rod is connected; 014. a stepping motor; 015. and (3) a filter.
Detailed Description
The invention is further defined in the following, but not limited to, the figures and examples in the description.
The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. On the basis of the present invention, a skilled person can conceive of possible variants or other embodiments based on the invention without making creative efforts, and shall be considered as the scope of the invention as a whole.
As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," and the like are used merely as illustrations based on given examples and do not limit other embodiments of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
An early detection device is invaded to gas in pit based on oil base drilling fluid, as shown in fig. 1, the device is installed on the measurement nipple joint of bottom hole assembly, includes: the system comprises a filter 015, a small cavity 05, a small piston 03, a small piston rod 02, a large cavity 09, a large piston 011, a large piston rod 012, a small piston warm-pressing sensor 04, a large piston warm-pressing sensor 010, a stepping motor 014, a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06, a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve 08, a connection control rod 013, a system power supply and a signal acquisition and processing digital circuit;
the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09 are both arranged in a shaft and fixed at the bottom of the downhole drilling tool, shaft annulus oil-based drilling fluid 01 is filled in the shaft, and a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07 is arranged between the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09;
a small piston 03 is arranged in the small cavity 05, a small piston rod 02 is connected to the small piston 03, and a small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 is further mounted on the small piston 03;
a large piston 011 is arranged in the large cavity 09, a large piston rod 012 is connected to the large piston 011, and a large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 is also arranged on the large piston 011;
the stepping motor 014 is connected with the small piston rod 02 and the large piston rod 012 through the connecting control rod 013, and respectively drives the small piston rod 02 and the large piston rod 012 to do linear motion from bottom to top along the axial direction of the shaft;
the shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06 is arranged at the lower end of the small cavity 05, and after the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus is filtered by the filter 015, the oil-based drilling fluid enters the inner space of the small cavity 05 through the opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06;
the large cavity-wellbore fluid one-way valve 08 is arranged at the top end of the large cavity 09, so that the fluid in the large cavity 09 is discharged through the large cavity-wellbore fluid one-way valve 08;
the large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 and the small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 are both connected with a signal acquisition and processing circuit, and the signal acquisition and processing circuit and the stepping motor 014 are both connected with a system power supply; the signal acquisition processing circuit records, stores and analyzes the uploaded data of the electric signals converted from the monitoring values by the sensor.
The invention provides an underground gas invasion early monitoring device based on oil-based drilling fluid drilling, wherein a large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 and a small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 are respectively arranged at a large cavity 09, a large piston 011 and a small piston 03 in a small cavity 05 of the device. Because the influence of the presence or absence of dissolved gas in the oil-based drilling fluid on the fluid pressure value in the cavity is very obvious, a pressure monitoring curve is obtained by respectively measuring the changes of the fluid pressure entering the large cavity 09 and the small cavity 05, whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains the dissolved gas is judged based on mode identification, whether the gas invades a shaft is judged, the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when the gas invasion occurs at the moment is calculated, the type of the invaded gas is preliminarily judged, and early warning and data support of well kick are realized. According to the technical scheme, data such as a shaft annulus fluid pressure change signal obtained by the device are converted into an electric signal through the sensor, the electric signal is recorded, stored and analyzed through the digital circuit to upload data, and the measurement device is connected with the logging-while-drilling mud pulse device through the logging-while-drilling joint to upload the measured data to the ground in real time.
The filter 015 is used for filtering oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus before entering the device, so as to remove impurities such as fine rock debris, and further avoid influencing the subsequent monitoring of the temperature and pressure sensor and causing the blockage of a fluid passage in the device.
The wellbore-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06 allows one-way passage of fluid and only one-way flow of fluid from the wellbore annulus into the small cavity 05. The small-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07 allows one-way fluid passage and only one-way fluid flow from the small cavity 05 to the large cavity 09. The large cavity-wellbore fluid one-way valve 08 allows one-way passage of fluid and only one-way flow of fluid from within the large cavity 09 into the wellbore annulus.
The fluid flow channels of the device of the invention are: the fluid in the shaft annulus flows into the small cavity 05 through the shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06, flows into the large cavity 09 through the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, and finally flows into the shaft annulus through the large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve 08, so that a complete flow passage of the shaft annulus-small cavity 05-large cavity 09-shaft annulus is formed. The sensitive element of the small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 is in contact with the fluid in the space formed by the small piston 03 and the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07. The sensitive element of the large piston warm-pressing sensor 010 contacts with the fluid in the space formed by the large piston 011 and the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07.
Example 2
The device for early detection of gas invasion in the well based on the oil-based drilling fluid in the embodiment 1 is characterized in that:
the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09 are both cylinders.
The connecting control rod 013 is made of rigid materials, is connected to the stepping motor 014 at the middle position and does a circular reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the shaft.
The two ends of the connecting control rod 013 are respectively connected with the tail part of the small piston rod 02 and the tail part of the large piston rod 012, the connecting control rod 013, the small piston 03 and the large piston 011 form a rigid mechanism which are connected to the stepping motor 014 together, and the stepping motor 014 drives the small piston 03 and the large piston 011 to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the shaft together.
The diameter ratio of the large cavity 09 to the small cavity 05 is n:1, n ≧ 10. Namely, the ratio of the maximum volume of the small cavity 05 to the maximum volume of the large cavity 09 is 1: n is a radical of an alkyl radical 2 According to the PVT equation, the ratio of the fluid pressure value 042 in the small cavity 05 to the fluid pressure value n in the large cavity 09 is known 2 ：1。
Example 3
An oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas cut early detection method is realized by the downhole gas cut early detection device in the embodiment 1 or 2, and the downhole gas cut early detection device completes a cycle reciprocating period every Ts, and comprises the following steps:
through the change that measures the fluid pressure who gets into in big cavity 09, the little cavity 05 respectively, obtain the pressure monitoring curve, judge whether oil-based drilling fluid contains solution gas based on mode identification to judge whether there is gas invasion pit shaft, and then calculate and take place gas solubility and tentatively judge out and invade the gas type in the oil-based drilling fluid when gassy this moment.
Example 4
The method for early detection of gas invasion in the well based on the oil-based drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the underground gas invasion early detection device completes a cycle reciprocating period every Ts, obtains a pressure monitoring curve by respectively measuring the change of the fluid pressure entering the large cavity 09 and the small cavity,
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention when the volume of the small cavity is zero; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the invention at an intermediate time of a cycle; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gas intrusion monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention when the volume of the small cavity is maximum; referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the stepping motor 014 drives the small piston rod 02 and the large piston rod 012 through the connection control rod 013, and further drives the small piston 03 and the large piston 011 to make a cyclic reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the wellbore together. The design is that a stepping motor 014 drives a small piston 03 and a large piston 011 to do linear motion from bottom to top along the axial direction of a shaft until the large piston 011 contacts the bottom of a large cavity 09, so that fluid in the large cavity 09 is completely discharged through a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve 08, and meanwhile, new fluid is filtered by a filter 015 and then is sucked into a small cavity 05 through a shaft-small cavity one-way valve 06 at the time interval of 5s; then, the stepping motor 014 drives the small piston 03 and the large piston 011 to do linear motion from top to bottom along the axial direction of the shaft until the small piston 03 contacts the bottom of the small cavity 05, so that the fluid in the small cavity 05 is completely discharged to the inner space of the large cavity 09 through the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, and the time interval is 5s. Thereby forming a cycle with a cycle period time of 10s.
Referring to fig. 5, the small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 are designed to upload the fluid pressure monitoring values in the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09 at a time interval of 1s, and form a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve through a signal acquisition digital processing circuit. When no solution gas exists in the oil-based drilling fluid, the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity is shown as the fluid pressure monitoring value 0101 in the large cavity when no solution gas exists, and when the solution gas exists in the oil-based drilling fluid, the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity is shown as the fluid pressure monitoring value 0102 in the large cavity when the solution gas exists.
Referring to fig. 6, the cavity pressure value curve in the present invention is obtained by calculating the solubility of a certain gas type by using the geometric relationship between the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09, and then substituting the temperature value and the empirical parameter corresponding to the certain gas in combination with the formula (1) to obtain the pressure value corresponding to the gas type inside the large cavity 09. Further respectively combine CH 4 、CO 2 、C 2 H 6 、C 3 H 8 And (3) calculating corresponding pressure values one by the gases, and drawing a pressure curve in the cavity by combining the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve. The pressure value in the small cavity 05 is as shown by the fluid pressure value 042 in the small cavity 05; the gas in the large cavity is not present, and the corresponding pressure value is shown as a fluid pressure value 0103 in the large cavity when no dissolved gas is present; if the pressure value corresponding to the large cavity 09 containing different types of gas is 0104, the pressure value of the fluid in the large cavity is shown in the case of dissolved gas.
As shown in fig. 7, the method comprises the following steps:
in 0-T/2s, opening a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06 and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve 08, closing a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, and driving a small piston 03 and a large piston 011 to respectively move linearly from bottom to top in the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09 along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor 014; after being filtered by a filter 015, the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus enters the inner space of the small cavity 05 through an opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06, and a small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 monitors the pressure of the fluid in the small cavity 05 at an interval of 1s and uploads the pressure to form a fluid pressure monitoring value 041 in the small cavity 05; meanwhile, the raw oil-based drilling fluid stored in the large cavity 09 returns to the annular space of the well casing through the large cavity-well bore fluid one-way valve 08;
in T/2-Ts, closing a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve 06 and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve 08, opening a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, driving a small piston 03 and a large piston 011 to linearly move from top to bottom in the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09 along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor 014, allowing oil-based drilling fluid in the small cavity 05 to enter the inner space of the large cavity 09 through the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve 07, and monitoring the pressure of fluid in the large cavity 09 at an interval time of 1s by a large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 and uploading the pressure to form a large cavity fluid pressure monitoring value; one cycle is completed.
And drawing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve according to fluid pressure monitoring values obtained by monitoring the small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010, wherein in the small cavity-large cavity pressure monitoring curve, the abscissa refers to the monitoring time of the small piston temperature and pressure sensor 04 and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor 010 on fluid pressure in the cavity, and the ordinate refers to the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the cavity.
T＝10。
Judging whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas based on pattern recognition, judging whether gas invades a shaft, further calculating the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment, and preliminarily judging the type of the invaded gas, as shown in fig. 7, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the diameter ratio of the small cavity 05 to the large cavity 09 is 1: n is used as the index. When the fluid in big cavity 09 discharges completely, the fluid volume in little cavity 05 is the biggest fluid volume of little cavity 05, and when the fluid in little cavity 05 discharges completely, the fluid volume in big cavity 09 is the biggest fluid volume of big cavity 09. That is, the ratio of the maximum fluid volume of the small cavity 05 to the large cavity 09 is 1: n is 2 According to the PVT equation, the pressure value of the fluid in the small cavity can be knownThe pressure value ratio of the fluid in the 042 cavity to the fluid in the large cavity is n 2 :1, drawing a curve of the pressure value in the cavity; in the curve of the pressure values in the cavity, the abscissa indicates the time for the fluid to flow through the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09, and the ordinate indicates the value of the pressure of the fluid in the cavity; calculating the solubility of a certain gas type by the geometric relationship between the small cavity 05 and the large cavity 09, substituting the temperature value and the empirical parameter corresponding to the certain gas by combining the formula (1), calculating the pressure value corresponding to the gas type in the large cavity 09, and further respectively using CH 4 、CO 2 、C 2 H 6 、C 3 H 8 And (5) calculating the corresponding pressure values one by the gases, and drawing a pressure curve in the cavity.
Step 2: and comparing and analyzing the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve and the cavity internal pressure value curve.
Monitoring the fluid pressure value of the small cavity and the large cavity in real time, if no gas invades a shaft, namely the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain dissolved gas, the fluid pressure monitoring curve of the small cavity and the large cavity corresponds to the ratio of the fluid pressure in the small cavity and the fluid pressure in the large cavity, namely the ratio of the fluid pressure monitoring value of the small cavity to the fluid pressure monitoring value of the large cavity is n under the condition that the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain the dissolved gas 2 :1, judging that no gas invades in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid at the moment and no gas invasion occurs, and returning to continue to carry out gas invasion early detection;
monitoring a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve in real time, wherein if gas invades a shaft, namely the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas, the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve does not correspond to the ratio of the fluid pressures in the small cavity and the large cavity, and the monitored value of the fluid pressure in the large cavity is suddenly increased, wherein the sudden increase refers to the high position of a low platform formed by the measured pressure monitoring value before the comparison of the low platform position in the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve; the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve formed according to real-time monitoring belongs to a stable high-low platform-shaped type in a normal state (when the fluid does not contain the dissolved gas), once the fluid contains the dissolved gas, the pressure in the large cavity 09 is higher than the pressure of the large cavity 09 when the fluid does not contain the dissolved gas, and the pressure is reflected on the pressure monitoring curve that the low platform position formed by the fluid pressure monitoring value of the large cavity is measured before being compared with the low platform position. And the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the large cavity is larger than that of the fluid pressure in the large cavity when the large cavity does not contain dissolved gas, so that the condition that gas invades in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid is judged, the gas invasion is judged, and the step 3 is carried out;
and step 3: and immediately feeding back gas invasion early warning, comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure real-time monitoring value curve with a cavity internal pressure curve, preliminarily judging the type of gas invading a shaft through pattern recognition, and providing timely and accurate information for subsequent operators.
The method for preliminarily judging the type of the gas invading into the well bore through pattern recognition comprises the following steps: and comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve formed by real-time monitoring with a cavity internal pressure curve calculated by an empirical formula, correcting by combining a pressure monitoring value in the small cavity 05, then comparing a monitoring pressure curve in the large cavity 09 with a calculated value of the pressure in the large cavity 09 obtained by the empirical formula, and preliminarily judging the type of the invading gas.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an early detection device is invaded to gas in pit based on oil base drilling fluid which characterized in that, the device is installed on the measurement nipple joint of bottom hole assembly, includes: the system comprises a filter, a small cavity, a small piston rod, a large cavity, a large piston rod, a small piston temperature and pressure sensor, a large piston temperature and pressure sensor, a stepping motor, a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve, a small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve, a connecting control rod, a system power supply and a signal acquisition and processing digital circuit;
the small cavity and the large cavity are both arranged in a shaft and fixed at the bottom of an underground drilling tool, shaft annulus oil-based drilling fluid is filled in the shaft, and the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve is arranged between the small cavity and the large cavity;
the small cavity is internally provided with the small piston, the small piston is connected with the small piston rod, and the small piston is also provided with a small piston temperature and pressure sensor;
the large piston is arranged in the large cavity, the large piston rod is connected to the large piston, and a large piston temperature and pressure sensor is further mounted on the large piston;
the stepping motor is connected with the small piston rod and the large piston rod through a connecting control rod and respectively drives the small piston rod and the large piston rod to do linear motion from bottom to top along the axial direction of the shaft;
the shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve is arranged at the lower end of the small cavity, and the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus is filtered by the filter and then enters the inner space of the small cavity through the opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve;
the large cavity-wellbore fluid one-way valve is arranged at the top end of the large cavity, so that the fluid in the large cavity is discharged through the large cavity-wellbore fluid one-way valve;
the large piston temperature and pressure sensor and the small piston temperature and pressure sensor are both connected with the signal acquisition and processing circuit, and the signal acquisition and processing circuit and the stepping motor are both connected with the system power supply; the signal acquisition processing circuit records, stores and analyzes the uploaded data of the electric signals converted from the monitoring values through the sensor.
2. The device for early detection of downhole gas migration based on oil-based drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the small cavity and the large cavity are both cylinders.
3. The early detection device of gas invasion in a well based on oil-based drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the connection control rod is made of rigid material, and the middle position is connected to the stepping motor and moves in a reciprocating manner along the axial direction of the well.
4. The device for detecting the early stage of gas invasion in the well based on the oil-based drilling fluid is characterized in that two ends of the connecting control rod are respectively connected with the tail part of the small piston rod and the tail part of the large piston rod, the connecting control rod, the small piston and the large piston form a rigid mechanism which is connected with the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the small piston and the large piston to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the well shaft together.
5. The early detection device of downhole gas migration based on oil-based drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the diameter ratio of the large cavity to the small cavity is n:1, n ≧ 10.
6. An oil-based drilling fluid downhole gas invasion early detection method, which is realized by the downhole gas invasion early detection device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the downhole gas invasion early detection device completes a cycle reciprocating period every Ts, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the pressure monitoring curve is obtained by respectively measuring the change of fluid pressure entering the large cavity and the small cavity, and whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas or not is judged based on pattern recognition, so that whether gas invades a shaft or not is judged, and then the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment is calculated, and the type of the invaded gas is preliminarily judged.
7. The method for early detection of gas invasion into a well based on oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 6, wherein the early detection device of gas invasion into a well completes one cycle of reciprocating every Ts, comprising the following steps:
opening a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve within 0-T/2s, closing the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, and driving a small piston and a large piston to respectively move linearly from bottom to top in the small cavity and the large cavity along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor; after being filtered by a filter, the oil-based drilling fluid in the shaft annulus enters the inner space of the small cavity through the opened shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve, and the small piston temperature and pressure sensor monitors the pressure of the fluid in the small cavity and uploads the pressure to form a fluid pressure monitoring value in the small cavity; meanwhile, the crude oil-based drilling fluid stored in the large cavity returns to the annular space of the well cylinder through the large cavity-well fluid one-way valve;
in T/2-Ts, closing a shaft-small cavity fluid one-way valve and a large cavity-shaft fluid one-way valve, opening the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, driving a small piston and a large piston to linearly move from top to bottom in the small cavity and the large cavity along the axial direction of the shaft by a stepping motor, enabling the oil-based drilling fluid in the small cavity to enter the inner space of the large cavity through the small cavity-large cavity fluid one-way valve, and monitoring the pressure of the fluid in the large cavity by a large piston temperature and pressure sensor and uploading the pressure to form a fluid pressure monitoring value in the large cavity; completing one cycle;
and drawing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve according to fluid pressure monitoring values obtained by monitoring the small piston temperature and pressure sensor and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor, wherein in the small cavity-large cavity pressure monitoring curve, the abscissa refers to the monitoring time of the small piston temperature and pressure sensor and the large piston temperature and pressure sensor on the fluid pressure in the cavity, and the ordinate refers to the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the cavity.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein T =10.
9. The method for early detection of gas invasion into the well based on oil-based drilling fluid according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps of judging whether the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas based on pattern recognition, judging whether gas invades into the wellbore, calculating the gas solubility in the oil-based drilling fluid when gas invasion occurs at the moment, and preliminarily judging the type of the invaded gas:
step 1: according to the PVT equation, the ratio of the fluid pressure value 042 in the small cavity to the fluid pressure value in the large cavity is n 2 :1, drawing a curve of the pressure value in the cavity; in the curve of the pressure values in the cavity, the abscissa refers to the time for fluid to flow through the small cavity and the large cavity, and the ordinate refers to the value of the fluid pressure in the cavity;
and 2, step: comparing and analyzing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve and a cavity pressure value curve;
monitoring the fluid pressure value of the small cavity and the large cavity in real time, if no gas invades a shaft, namely the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain dissolved gas, the fluid pressure monitoring curve of the small cavity and the large cavity corresponds to the ratio of the fluid pressure in the small cavity and the fluid pressure in the large cavity, namely the ratio of the fluid pressure monitoring value of the small cavity to the fluid pressure monitoring value of the large cavity is n under the condition that the oil-based drilling fluid does not contain the dissolved gas 2 :1, judging that no gas invasion exists in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid at the moment and no gas invasion occurs, and returning to continue gas invasion early detection;
monitoring a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve in real time, wherein if gas invades a shaft, namely the oil-based drilling fluid contains dissolved gas, the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve does not correspond to the ratio of the fluid pressures in the small cavity and the large cavity, and the monitored value of the fluid pressure in the large cavity is suddenly increased, wherein the sudden increase refers to the high position of a low platform formed by the measured pressure monitoring value before the comparison of the low platform position in the small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve; and the monitoring value of the fluid pressure in the large cavity is greater than that of the fluid pressure in the large cavity when the solution gas is not contained, so that the condition that gas invades in the shaft under the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid is judged, the gas invasion is judged, and the step 3 is carried out;
and step 3: and immediately feeding back gas invasion early warning, comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure real-time monitoring value curve with a cavity internal pressure curve, preliminarily judging the type of gas invading a shaft through pattern recognition, and providing timely and accurate information for subsequent operators.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the preliminary determination of the type of gas invading the wellbore by pattern recognition comprises:
and comparing a small cavity-large cavity fluid pressure monitoring curve formed by real-time monitoring with a cavity internal pressure curve calculated by an empirical formula, correcting by combining a pressure monitoring value in the large cavity, and then comparing the small cavity internal monitoring pressure curve with a small cavity internal pressure calculated value obtained by the empirical formula to preliminarily judge the type of the invading gas.
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