CN115304537B - Method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane - Google Patents

Method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane Download PDF

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CN115304537B
CN115304537B CN202210978219.3A CN202210978219A CN115304537B CN 115304537 B CN115304537 B CN 115304537B CN 202210978219 A CN202210978219 A CN 202210978219A CN 115304537 B CN115304537 B CN 115304537B
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dimethyl
hexane
azabicyclo
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CN115304537A (en
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熊传辉
王复平
高明
王焯民
高兴发
殷海顺
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Beijing Jingyu Furui Technology Group Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/52Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring condensed with a ring other than six-membered

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane by using lactone, which is obtained by three steps of ammonification, cyclization and reduction, wherein the cost of the raw material 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane of the process is lower than that of caronic anhydride, and the preparation method is simpler than that of the caronic anhydride. In addition, only one amide needs to be reduced during reduction, compared with the prior art of the carbazepine Long Xian imine, the method has the advantages of easier reduction, reduction of the consumption of reducing agent, higher safety, great reduction of the cost of the 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, simplicity and easiness in industrialization, and great economic and social values.

Description

Method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, belonging to the technical field of organic synthesis.
Background
6, 6-Dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (compound I) is a key intermediate for preparing anti-neocrown drug Paxlovid.
Paxlovid was developed by the company xenobiotic, and was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for marketing at 22, 12, 2021, and this drug was only prescribed and should be taken as soon as possible within five days after the symptoms had developed in the patient to prevent the exacerbation of the condition to a severe condition.
Clinical trial data published as "Paxlovid" on day 12 and 14 of the year of the best 2021 show that the drug is 89% effective in preventing hospitalization and death of severe high risk patients. The current laboratory data also shows that "Paxlovid" is "still effective" against the amikappaphrons variant strain, since it blocks an enzyme involved in the replication process of the amikappaphrons virus in the experiment.
At present, the global new crown epidemic situation is very severe, and the production task of new crown medicine is urgent. Paxlovid has very broad market prospect.
Compound I is a key intermediate of Paxlovid, and the literature reports a synthetic method thereof, and the specific route is as follows:
The method has the advantages of high price of the starting material of the carbolic anhydride or the carbolic acid, long production steps, reduction by using red aluminum, lithium aluminum hydride or a large amount of sodium borohydride/Lewis acid during reduction, more than 20 times of THF (tetrahydrofuran) required by a solvent, high solvent cost, low kettle efficiency, extremely high risk during use of a large amount of reducing agent, high industrial production cost and high product price.
Aiming at the defects, a great deal of research is carried out on the production of the compound I, a simple and easy method for preparing the compound I is invented, and the production cost of the compound I is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a brand-new synthesis method of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, which can effectively reduce the cost of the 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane.
The method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (compound II) and ammonia water into an alcohol solvent, reacting for 10-15 hours at 100-120 ℃ and 1.5-2MPa in an autoclave, concentrating under reduced pressure after the reaction is finished, dissolving with ethyl acetate, adding n-hexane, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide (compound III); the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the ammonia water is 1:1-1:1.5.
(2) Dissolving cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide (compound III) in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), adding a catalyst N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), adding p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride at 0-5 ℃ and reacting for 2-4 hours at the temperature, heating to 55-60 ℃ and refluxing for 4-6 hours, adding water, layering, extracting a water layer by using methyl tert-butyl ether, merging organic phases, washing, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (compound IV); the mass ratio of cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide to p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride is 1:1-1.5:1; the mass ratio of cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide to N, N-diisopropylethylamine is 1:2-1:2.5.
(3) Dissolving 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (compound IV) in tetrahydrofuran, adding sodium borohydride serving as a reducing agent, adding boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution serving as a catalyst or trimethylchlorosilane (preferably trimethylchlorosilane) under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 1-3 hours at 50-60 ℃, after the reaction is finished, using a hydrochloric acid acidification system PH < 2, heating to 50-60 ℃, stirring, distilling under reduced pressure, alkalizing an aqueous phase to PH >13 by using liquid alkali, extracting by using methyl tert-butyl ether, merging organic phases, distilling under normal pressure, and collecting 130-140 ℃ components to obtain a target product 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (compound I); the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the sodium borohydride is 1.5:1-2:1; the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution or the trimethylchlorosilane is 1:1-1:2.
The synthetic route is as follows:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes lactone 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane as a raw material, and the 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane is prepared by three steps of reaction of ammoniation, cyclization and reduction, the cost of a raw material compound II of the process is lower than that of caronic anhydride, and compared with the caronic anhydride, the preparation method is simpler. In addition, only one amide needs to be reduced during reduction, compared with the prior art of the carbazepine Long Xian imine, the method has the advantages of easier reduction, reduction of the consumption of reducing agent, higher safety, great reduction of the cost of the 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, simplicity and easiness in industrialization, and great economic and social values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gas chromatogram of a sample of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane synthesized in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a gas chromatogram of a 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane standard sample.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Adding 126.16g of compound II into a 1L autoclave, adding 150g of ammonia water and 400g of methanol, heating to 110-120 ℃/1.5-2MPa, stirring for 12 hours, cooling to room temperature, decompressing, transferring into a 1000L single-mouth bottle, decompressing, spin-drying solvent and water, taking dry ammonia gas with methanol, adding 126g of ethyl acetate, heating to dissolve, dropwise adding 252g of n-hexane at 50-60 ℃, cooling to 0-5 ℃ after adding, crystallizing, filtering, blowing and drying at 30-40 ℃ to obtain 130.5g of intermediate III, and obtaining off-white solid with yield: 91.1%.
(2) 120G of compound III is added into 600g of MTBE, 258g of DIPEA is added, the temperature is controlled to be 0-5 ℃, 105.5g of methanesulfonyl chloride is added dropwise, the reaction is carried out for 3 hours after the addition is finished, the temperature is increased to be 55-60 ℃ and reflux is carried out for 5 hours, 1000g of water is added, the mixture is stood for layering, the water layer is extracted for 2 times by using MTBE (300 g), the organic phases are combined, the mixture is washed once by 200g of saturated brine, and the organic layer is concentrated to be dried under reduced pressure to obtain 92.5g of compound IV as yellow oily substance. Yield: 88.2%.
(3) Dissolving 62.6g of compound IV in 313g of THF, adding 38g of sodium borohydride, protecting with nitrogen after the addition, heating to 50-60 ℃, dropwise adding 103g of trimethylchlorosilane, keeping the temperature at 50-60 ℃ for 2 hours after the addition, detecting no raw materials by GC, flushing the system into 500g of tap water, keeping the temperature less than 40 ℃, acidifying the system with concentrated hydrochloric acid until the pH value is less than 2 after the addition is completed, heating to 50-60 ℃ and stirring for 1 hour, decompressing and steaming to remove tetrahydrofuran, alkalizing the water phase with liquid alkali until the pH value is more than 13, extracting 2 times with MTBE (200 g), merging organic phases, distilling at normal pressure, and collecting components at 130-140 ℃ to obtain 50.9g of compound I as colorless liquid. Yield: 91.7%. The gas chromatogram of the prepared target product compound I is shown in figure 1, the gas chromatogram of the standard sample of the compound I is shown in figure 2, and the gas chromatogram of the application is compared with the standard sample, and the peak positions of the gas chromatograms are consistent, so that the preparation of the compound I is successful.
Example 2
The methanesulfonyl chloride in step (2) was changed to equimolar p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to give 91.3g of compound IV as a yellow oil, yield: 87.1%. The rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Changing the trimethylchlorosilane in the step (3) into equimolar boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution to obtain 48.7g of compound I as colorless liquid; yield: 87.7%. The rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1.

Claims (6)

1. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane comprising the steps of:
(1) Adding 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane and ammonia water into a methanol solvent, reacting for 10-15 hours at 100-120 ℃, concentrating under reduced pressure after the reaction is finished, dissolving with ethyl acetate, adding n-hexane, crystallizing, filtering and drying to obtain cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide;
(2) Dissolving cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide in methyl tertiary butyl ether, adding N, N-diisopropylethylamine, adding p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride at 0-5 ℃ and reacting for 2-4 hours at the temperature, heating to 55-60 ℃ and refluxing for 4-6 hours, adding water, layering, extracting a water layer by using methyl tertiary butyl ether, merging organic phases, washing, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane;
(3) Dissolving 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane in tetrahydrofuran, adding sodium borohydride serving as a reducing agent, adding boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution or trimethylchlorosilane serving as a catalyst, reacting for 1-3 hours at 50-60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, acidifying with hydrochloric acid after the reaction is finished, distilling under reduced pressure to remove a solvent, alkalizing an aqueous phase, extracting with methyl tert-butyl ether, distilling under normal pressure, and collecting 130-140 ℃ components to obtain a target product 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane.
2. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the ammonia water is 1:1-1:1.5.
3. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mass ratio of cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide to p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride is 1:1-1.5:1.
4. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the mass ratio of cis-3, 3-dimethyl-2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropyl-1-formamide to N, N-diisopropylethylamine is 1:2-1:2.5.
5. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the sodium borohydride is 1.5:1-2:1.
6. A process for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the 6, 6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane to the boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran solution or the trimethylchlorosilane is 1:1-1:2.
CN202210978219.3A 2022-08-16 2022-08-16 Method for preparing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane Active CN115304537B (en)

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CN114031542A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-02-11 浙江新和成股份有限公司 Novel preparation method of azabicyclo medical intermediate

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CN114085181B (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-05-06 南京桦冠生物技术有限公司 Synthetic method and application of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane
CN114605308B (en) * 2022-03-18 2023-12-19 阜新孚隆宝医药科技有限公司 Preparation method of azabicyclo medicine intermediate of Pa Luo Weide and intermediate
CN114644587A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-21 兰州大学 Synthesis process of intermediate bicyclic imine of anti-novel coronavirus pneumonia medicine Paxlovid

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