CN115303017A - Defrosting device, air conditioning system and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a defrosting device, an air conditioning system and a vehicle, wherein the defrosting device comprises a defrosting core body, an air blower and an air duct shell, the air blower and the defrosting core body are arranged in the air duct shell, an air suction opening of the air blower is communicated with an air inlet of the air duct shell, the defrosting core body is arranged at an air outlet of the air duct shell, the air duct shell is used for being arranged at an external circulation air inlet of the vehicle and is positioned outside a passenger compartment, the defrosting core body is used for being arranged opposite to and connected with the external circulation air inlet in a sealing mode, and the defrosting core body is used for being connected with an external heat source so as to heat airflow flowing through the defrosting core body. According to the invention, the independent defrosting device is arranged and is arranged outside the passenger cabin, so that the internal space of the cab is not occupied, the internal space of the vehicle is effectively released, the creative design of the shape is facilitated, the length of the defrosting air channel can be shortened, the air channel resistance is further reduced, and the defrosting effect is improved.

Description

Defrosting device, air conditioning system and vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a defrosting device, an air conditioning system and a vehicle.

Background

With the development of automobile technology, people are pursuing more and more the comfort experience of drivers and passengers, and in order to improve the comfort of front-row drivers and passengers, the instrument panel structure inside the cockpit gradually becomes more refined and minimized. Currently, the leg activity space of a driver and a passenger is increased by arranging an air conditioner main unit at the rear part of a vehicle body to release the internal structural space of a front dashboard.

However, because the vehicle is usually provided with a defrosting device to defrost the front windshield glass and the side window glass of the vehicle so as to ensure normal safe driving requirements, and the hot air at the defrosting air port of the air conditioner mainly comes from the hot air core body inside the main air conditioner for heat exchange, the defrosting air duct needs to be connected to the defrosting air port of the main air conditioner. When the air conditioner host is arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body, the defrosting air channel needs to extend from the rear part of the vehicle body to the front windshield, and no matter the defrosting air channel passes through the side wall of the chassis or the ceiling, the arrangement space and the structure are limited by the metal plates of the vehicle body and the interior structure, so that the problems that the section area of the air channel is small or the section shape of the air channel is irregular due to the limited space and the like easily occur, the resistance of the defrosting air channel is greatly increased, and the defrosting effect of the whole vehicle is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the problems that: when the air conditioner main unit of the vehicle is arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body, the resistance of the defrosting air channel is reduced, and the defrosting effect is improved.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a defrosting device, including a defrosting core, an air blower and an air duct casing, wherein the air blower and the defrosting core are disposed in the air duct casing, an air suction port of the air blower is communicated with an air inlet of the air duct casing, the defrosting core is disposed at an air outlet of the air duct casing, the air duct casing is configured to be disposed at an external circulation air inlet of a vehicle and is located outside a passenger compartment, the defrosting core is configured to be disposed opposite to and hermetically connected to the external circulation air inlet, and the defrosting core is configured to be connected to an external heat source so as to heat an air flow passing through the defrosting core.

Alternatively, the blower is provided on one side of the defrosting core in the vehicle width direction.

Optionally, the defrosting core is an electric heating core.

Optionally, the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core are respectively used for being connected with the water outlet and the water inlet of the external heat source.

Optionally, the defrosting device further comprises a control valve, the water inlet of the defrosting core is used for being connected with the external heat source water outlet through the control valve, and the control valve is used for being turned on and off.

Optionally, the control valve is a three-way valve having a first valve port, a second valve port, and a third valve port, the first valve port is configured to be connected to a water outlet of the external heat source, the second valve port is configured to be connected to a water inlet of a warm air core of an air conditioner main unit, the third valve port is connected to a water inlet of the defrosting core, a water outlet of the defrosting core is configured to be connected to a water outlet of the warm air core, the second valve port is configured to be connected to or blocked from the first valve port, and the third valve port is configured to be connected to or blocked from the first valve port.

Optionally, the defrosting core is arranged in a water chute below the front windshield.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention further provides an air conditioning system including the defrosting apparatus as described above.

Optionally, the air conditioning system further comprises an air conditioning host and a blowing pipeline, the air conditioning host is arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body, one end of the blowing pipeline is connected with the air conditioning host, the other end of the blowing pipeline is used for extending to a ceiling of the vehicle through the rear part of the vehicle body and is communicated with a blowing port formed in the ceiling, and a defrosting core of the defrosting device is connected with a warm air core of the air conditioning host in parallel.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a vehicle including the defrosting apparatus as described above, or the air conditioning system as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the defrosting device is additionally arranged at the original external circulation air inlet of the vehicle to form an independent heating defrosting system to defrost the window glass, and the defrosting core body used for being connected with an external heat source in the defrosting device is arranged relative to the external circulation air inlet, so that after external fresh air is sucked into the air channel shell by a blower in the defrosting device, the external fresh air is directly heated by the defrosting core body at the external circulation air inlet to form hot air, and the hot air can be directly blown onto the window glass through a short defrosting air channel in an instrument panel, so that defrosting is realized, the air supply distance is short, the heat efficiency is high, and the defrosting speed is effectively improved; simultaneously, through arranging defroster in passenger cabin outside, can not occupy cockpit inner space, effectively release car inner space, do benefit to the design of molding intention, moreover, can shorten the length in defrosting wind channel, and then reduce the wind channel resistance, promote the defrosting effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a defrosting device mounted at a water chute of a front windshield of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another view of the defrosting device mounted at the water chute according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a defrosting water circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals:

1. a defrosting core body; 2. a blower; 3. an air duct housing; 4. a control valve; 41. a first valve port; 42. a second valve port; 43. a third valve port; 50. an external circulation air inlet; 60. an external heat source; 70. a water chute; 80. an air conditioner main machine; 81. a warm air core body; 90. a blowing duct; 100. a vent cover plate; 200. a front windshield glass; 300. an instrument panel; 310. and a defrosting air channel.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

The Z-axis in the drawings indicates a vertical direction, i.e., an up-down position, and a forward direction of the Z-axis (i.e., an arrow direction of the Z-axis) indicates an upward direction and a reverse direction of the Z-axis indicates a downward direction; the X-axis in the drawing represents the horizontal direction and is designated as the left-right position, and the forward direction of the X-axis represents the left side and the reverse direction of the X-axis represents the right side; the Y-axis in the drawings is represented as a front-rear position, and a forward direction of the Y-axis represents a front side and a reverse direction of the Y-axis represents a rear side; it should also be noted that the foregoing Z-axis, Y-axis, and X-axis representations are merely intended to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a defrosting device, which includes a defrosting core 1, an air blower 2, and an air duct housing 3, where the air blower 2 and the defrosting core 1 are disposed in the air duct housing 3, the defrosting core 1 is disposed at an air outlet of the air duct housing 3, an air suction port of the air blower 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the air duct housing 3, the air duct housing 3 is configured to be disposed at an external circulation air inlet 50 of a vehicle and is located outside a passenger compartment, the defrosting core 1 is configured to be disposed opposite to and hermetically connected to the external circulation air inlet 50, and the defrosting core 1 is configured to be connected to an external heat source 60 to heat an air flow flowing through the defrosting core 1.

Specifically, defrosting core 1 and air-blower 2 set up in wind channel casing 3 to respectively with the inner wall sealing connection of wind channel casing 3, and defrosting core 1 locates the air outlet department of wind channel casing 3, the inlet scoop of air-blower 2 and the air intake intercommunication of wind channel casing 3. The defrosting core 1 is independent of the warm air core 81 of the air conditioner main unit 80, and heats the air flow passing through the defrosting core 1 by being connected to the external heat source 60, and the window glass is defrosted by the heated air flow. The external heat source 60 may be an engine of a vehicle, and at this time, the defrosting core 1 is a water heating core having a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core 1 are respectively used for being connected with the water outlet and the water inlet of the engine through a warm water pipe, so that hot water of the engine flows through the defrosting core 1 to heat air flowing through the defrosting core 1; the external heat source 60 may also be an electrical heating component such as a thermistor, at this time, the defrosting core 1 may be a water heating core, that is, the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core 1 are respectively used for being connected with the water outlet and the water inlet of the electrical heating component through a warm water pipe, so that the hot water heated by the electrical heating component flows through the defrosting core 1 to heat the air flowing through the defrosting core 1, the defrosting core 1 may also be an electrical heating core, the defrosting core 1 is electrically connected with the electrical heating component, that is, the air flowing through the defrosting core 1 may be directly heated by the electrical heating component. The air duct housing 3 equipped with the defrosting core 1 and the blower 2 is usually detachably fixed to a vehicle body sheet metal part outside a vehicle body, the external circulation air inlet 50 is formed in the vehicle body sheet metal part, meanwhile, an effective area of the defrosting core 1 (i.e., an area uncovered on the defrosting core 1) faces the external circulation air inlet 50, and the periphery of the effective area of the defrosting core 1 is hermetically connected with the edge of the external circulation air inlet 50 by a sealing structure such as a sealing rubber strip. The air blower 2 sucks the air flow outside the vehicle (the dotted arrow in fig. 1 and fig. 2 indicates the flow direction of the air flow sucked into the air blower 2), and then sends the air flow into the defrosting core 1 for heating, a defrosting air duct 310 and a defrosting air outlet are arranged on the dashboard 300 of the vehicle, the external circulation air inlet 50 is communicated with each defrosting air outlet through the defrosting air duct 310, so that the air flow heated by the defrosting core 1 can be blown onto the front windshield 200 and the side window through each defrosting air outlet after entering the defrosting air duct 310 through the external circulation air inlet 50, and the frost layer on the window glass is removed.

In the embodiment, the defrosting device is additionally arranged at the original external circulation air inlet 50 of the vehicle to form an independent heating defrosting system for defrosting the window glass, and the defrosting core 1 used for being connected with the external heat source 60 in the defrosting device is arranged relative to the external circulation air inlet 50, so that after external fresh air is sucked into the air channel shell 3 by the blower 2 in the defrosting device, the external fresh air is directly heated by the defrosting core 1 at the external circulation air inlet 50 to form hot air, and the hot air can be directly blown onto the window glass through a shorter defrosting air channel 310 in the instrument panel 300, so that defrosting is realized, the air supply distance is short, the heat efficiency is high, and the defrosting speed is effectively improved; meanwhile, the defrosting device is arranged outside the passenger cabin, so that the internal space of the cockpit is not occupied, the internal space of the vehicle is effectively released, the design of modeling originality is facilitated, the length of the defrosting air channel 310 can be shortened, the air channel resistance is reduced, and the defrosting effect is improved.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the side of the defrosting core 1 facing the external circulation intake vent 50 is arranged parallel to the plane of the external circulation intake vent 50.

In this embodiment, since the external circulation air inlet 50 is generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane and disposed at the front end of the dashboard 300, the side of the defrosting core 1 for facing the external circulation air inlet 50 is also vertically disposed, and when the external circulation air inlet 50 is obliquely disposed at the front end of the dashboard 300, the side of the defrosting core 1 for facing the external circulation air inlet 50 is also obliquely disposed, that is, the effective area of the defrosting core 1 is always kept facing the external circulation air inlet 50. Therefore, the air flow entering the defrosting air channel 310 through the external circulation air inlet 50 is heated by the defrosting core 1, and the air outlet temperature of the defrosting air outlet is ensured.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the defrosting core 1 is provided in the water guide duct 70 located below the front windshield 200.

In this embodiment, the air duct housing 3 equipped with the defrosting core 1 and the blower 2 is installed in the water chute 70 located below the front windshield 200 and detachably fixed on a sheet metal part of the vehicle body at the water chute 70, the external circulation air inlet 50 is formed in the sheet metal part of the vehicle body and is communicated with the water chute 70, meanwhile, a ventilation cover plate 100 is generally arranged at a notch of the water chute 70, a hole structure is formed in the ventilation cover plate 100, and the blower 2 sucks air flow outside the vehicle through the hole structure of the ventilation cover plate 100 and sends the air flow into the defrosting core 1 for heating.

In this way, by disposing the defrosting core 1 in the water guide duct 70 located below the front windshield 200, the installation of the defrosting core 1 outside the vehicle body can be achieved without changing the original structure of the vehicle.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 in conjunction, the blower 2 is provided on one side of the defrosting core 1 in the vehicle width direction. The vehicle width direction is the X-axis direction in fig. 2 and is also the left-right direction, and correspondingly, the vehicle length direction is the Y-axis direction in fig. 2 and is also the front-rear direction.

In this embodiment, since the water chute 70 is generally provided in the left-right direction, so that the water chute 70 has a certain length in the left-right direction, the air blower 2 and the defrosting core 1 are generally arranged in the left-right direction, that is, the air blower 2 is provided on the left side or the right side of the defrosting core 1, specifically, for a left-hand steering vehicle, the defrosting device is integrally provided at a position near the left end in the water chute 70, and the air blower 2 is provided on the left side of the defrosting core 1, and for a right-hand steering vehicle, the defrosting device is integrally provided at a position near the right end in the water chute 70, and the air blower 2 is provided on the right side of the defrosting core 1. In other embodiments, if the water chute 70 has a space in the vertical direction that enables the blower 2 and the defrosting core 1 to be arranged in the up-down direction, the blower 2 may be disposed on the upper side or the lower side of the defrosting core 1, and in practical applications, the arrangement may be performed according to the specific structure of the water chute 70. In this way, the arrangement of the defrosting means can be achieved without changing or with little change of the original structure of the water guide duct 70.

Optionally, the defrost core 1 is an electrically heated core. So, can connect in parallel the independent defrosting thermistor in the original electric return circuit of pure electric motor car type, come to heat the defrosting core 1 of outer loop air intake 50 department through the thermistor, and then directly heat the air that flows into outer loop air intake 50 for defroster can be applicable to pure electric motor car type.

Alternatively, the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core 1 are used to be connected with the water outlet and the water inlet of the external heat source 60, respectively.

In this embodiment, the defrosting core 1 is a water heating core having a water inlet and a water outlet, the hot water flowing into the defrosting core 1 may be hot water of an engine or hot water heated by a thermistor, that is, the external heat source 60 may be an engine, or may be a heating device using a thermistor, the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core 1 are respectively connected to the water outlet and the water inlet of the external heat source 60 through a hot water pipe, so that the hot water of the engine or the hot water heated by the thermistor can also flow through the defrosting core 1 when flowing through the warm air core 81, and heat the air flowing through the defrosting core 1, so as to heat the air at the external circulation air inlet 50 by heating the hot water, so as to generate hot air for defrosting, which is low in production cost and saves energy.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the defrosting apparatus further includes a control valve 4, the water inlet of the defrosting core 1 is used for being connected with the water outlet of the external heat source 60 through the control valve 4, and the control valve 4 is used for being turned on and off.

Thus, when defrosting is needed, the control valve 4 can be controlled to be opened so that hot water of the engine or hot water heated by the thermistor flows into the defrosting core 1 to heat air flowing into the external circulation air inlet 50, and when defrosting is not needed, the control valve 4 can be controlled to be closed so as to block hot water of the engine or hot water heated by the thermistor flows into the defrosting core 1, so that accurate hot water flow demand can be realized by controlling the on-off of the control valve 4, and the purpose of further saving energy is achieved.

In fig. 4, a water path and a refrigerant circuit, not shown, are indicated by broken lines.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the control valve 4 is a three-way valve having a first valve port 41, a second valve port 42 and a third valve port 43, the first valve port 41 is used for connecting with a water outlet of the external heat source 60, the second valve port 42 is used for connecting with a water inlet of a warm air core 81 of the main air conditioner 80, the third valve port 43 is connected with a water inlet of the defrosting core 1, the second valve port 42 is used for connecting or blocking with the first valve port 41, and the third valve port 43 is used for connecting or blocking with the first valve port 41.

In this embodiment, when the vehicle only needs defrosting, the first valve port 41 and the third valve port 43 of the three-way valve can be controlled to be connected, and the first valve port 41 and the second valve port 42 are blocked, so that the hot water of the engine or the hot water heated by the thermistor only flows into the defrosting core 1 and returns to the main loop, meanwhile, the blower 2 is started to suck the fresh air from the hole structure formed on the ventilation cover plate 100 into the air duct shell 3, and exchanges heat with the hot water flowing through the defrosting core 1 to form warm air, and the warm air enters the defrosting air duct 310 on the dashboard 300 from the external circulation air inlet 50 and is blown to the front windshield 200 and the side window glass through the defrosting air ports, so as to defrost the window glass; when the vehicle only needs to heat the passenger compartment, the first valve port 41 and the third valve port 43 of the three-way valve can be controlled to be blocked, and the first valve port 41 and the second valve port 42 are communicated, so that the hot water of the engine or the hot water heated by the thermistor only flows through the hot air core 81 of the air-conditioning main unit 80 and returns to the main loop, and the passenger compartment is heated; when the vehicle needs defrosting and heating in the passenger compartment, the first valve port 41 and the third valve port 43 of the three-way valve are controlled to be communicated, and the first valve port 41 and the second valve port 42 are controlled to be communicated, so that hot water of an engine or hot water heated by a thermistor simultaneously flows through the defrosting core body 1 and the hot air core body 81 and returns to the main loop, and defrosting and heating are realized.

Like this, through increasing a three-way valve in the original warm water return circuit of vehicle to parallelly connected the warm water return circuit with defrosting core 81 of core 1 and air conditioner host computer 80, thereby accessible engine or electric heating assembly heat supply to warm air core 81 and defrosting core 1 simultaneously, also accessible three-way valve's break-make comes the independent heat supply to warm air core 81 or defrosting core 1, thereby realizes accurate warm water flow demand.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides an air conditioning system including the defrosting apparatus as described above.

The beneficial effects of the air conditioning system in this embodiment with respect to the prior art are the same as those of the above defrosting device, and are not described herein again.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the air conditioning system further includes an air conditioning main unit 80 and a blowing pipe 90, the air conditioning main unit 80 is configured to be disposed at the rear portion of the vehicle body, one end of the blowing pipe 90 is connected to the air conditioning main unit 80, the other end of the blowing pipe is configured to extend to a ceiling of the vehicle through the rear portion of the vehicle body and is configured to communicate with a blowing port formed in the ceiling, and the defrosting core 1 of the defrosting device is connected in parallel to the hot air core 81 of the air conditioning main unit 80.

Specifically, the air conditioner main unit 80 is generally disposed at the rear side of the rear seat of the vehicle, and the air blowing port communicating with the air blowing duct 90 is disposed on the ceiling of the vehicle. For a pure electric vehicle, the defrosting core 1 and the warm air core 81 are both electric heating cores, and the defrosting core 1 and the warm air core 81 are connected in parallel in an electric loop of the vehicle, that is, interfaces at two ends of the defrosting core 1 are respectively electrically connected with interfaces at two ends of the warm air core 81; for a traditional fuel vehicle model, the defrosting core 1 and the warm air core 81 are usually water heating cores, and the defrosting core 1 and the warm air core 81 are connected in parallel in a warm water loop, that is, the water inlet and the water outlet of the defrosting core 1 are respectively connected with the water inlet and the water outlet of the warm air core 81.

In the embodiment, the air conditioner main unit 80 is arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body to release the space at the front dashboard 300, so that the dashboard 300 is convenient to be designed in a precise and simplified and minimized manner; meanwhile, one end of the blowing pipeline 90 is connected with the air conditioner main unit 80, and the other end of the blowing pipeline is used for extending to the ceiling of the vehicle through the rear part of the vehicle body and is communicated with a blowing port formed in the ceiling, so that the inner space of the passenger compartment can be covered by small air flow, the whole vehicle cooling requirement is met, and the cooling effect is improved. In addition, the beneficial effects brought by the arrangement of the defrosting device in the air conditioning system can be referred to the relevant contents of the defrosting device, and are not described herein again.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle including the defrosting apparatus as described above or the air conditioning system as described above.

The vehicle in the embodiment may be a conventional fuel vehicle, or may be a pure electric new energy vehicle, for example. The beneficial effects of the vehicle in this embodiment with respect to the prior art are the same as those of the above-mentioned defrosting device or air conditioning system, and are not described herein again.

Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a defroster, its characterized in that, includes defrosting core (1), air-blower (2) and wind channel casing (3), air-blower (2) with defrosting core (1) is established in wind channel casing (3), the inlet scoop of air-blower (2) with the air intake intercommunication of wind channel casing (3), defrosting core (1) is located the air outlet department of wind channel casing (3), wind channel casing (3) are used for locating the extrinsic cycle air intake (50) department of vehicle and are located passenger cabin outside, defrosting core (1) be used for with extrinsic cycle air intake (50) set up relatively and sealing connection, just defrosting core (1) are used for being connected with external heat source (60), with the convection current through the air current of defrosting core (1) heats.

2. The defroster according to claim 1, wherein said blower fan (2) is provided at a side of said defrosting core (1) in the vehicle width direction.

3. Defrost device according to claim 1, characterized in that the defrost core (1) is an electrically heated core.

4. Defrost device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water inlet and outlet of the defrost core (1) are adapted to be connected with the water outlet and inlet, respectively, of the external heat source (60).

5. Defrost device according to claim 4, characterized by a control valve (4), the water inlet of the defrost core (1) being adapted to be connected with the water outlet of the external heat source (60) through the control valve (4).

6. The defroster according to claim 5, wherein the control valve (4) is a three-way valve having a first port (41), a second port (42) and a third port (43), the first port (41) is configured to be connected to an outlet of the external heat source (60), the second port (42) is configured to be connected to an inlet of a warm air core (81) of a main air conditioner (80), the third port (43) is configured to be connected to an inlet of the defrosting core (1), the outlet of the defrosting core (1) is configured to be connected to an outlet of the warm air core (81), the second port (42) is configured to be communicated with or blocked from the first port (41), and the third port (43) is configured to be communicated with or blocked from the first port (41).

7. Defrost device according to claim 1, characterized in that the defrost core (1) is intended to be arranged in a water chute (70) located below the front windscreen (200).

8. An air conditioning system comprising the defrosting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The air conditioning system according to claim 8, further comprising a main air conditioner (80) and an air blowing pipeline (90), wherein the main air conditioner (80) is arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body, one end of the air blowing pipeline (90) is connected with the main air conditioner (80), the other end of the air blowing pipeline is used for extending to a ceiling of the vehicle through the rear part of the vehicle body and communicating with an air blowing opening formed in the ceiling, and the defrosting core (1) of the defrosting device is connected with the warm air core (81) of the main air conditioner (80) in parallel.

10. A vehicle comprising a defrost device according to any one of claims 1-7 or an air conditioning system according to any one of claims 8-9.

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