CN115301674A - Method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw medulla and application thereof - Google Patents

Method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw medulla and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115301674A
CN115301674A CN202210940146.9A CN202210940146A CN115301674A CN 115301674 A CN115301674 A CN 115301674A CN 202210940146 A CN202210940146 A CN 202210940146A CN 115301674 A CN115301674 A CN 115301674A
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sunflower straw
medulla
solar water
water evaporation
sunflower
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杨日龙
余雁
刘芳清心
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/08Nanoparticles or nanotubes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a solar water evaporation material based on a sunflower straw medulla core and application thereof, which utilizes the characteristic that the sunflower straw medulla core is closed and has a selective permeable cell wall, takes the medulla core of an agricultural byproduct sunflower straw as a raw material, constructs a light absorption layer on the surface of the medulla core, and soaks the medulla core in water to prepare the solar water evaporation material based on the sunflower straw medulla core. The invention utilizes the specially closed cell wall with selective permeability of the medulla of the sunflower straw to realize the separation of water and volatile organic pollutants, and adopts a simple soaking method to fill the cell cavity of the parenchyma cell in the medulla of the sunflower straw with water, so as to form a rapid water transportation and conduction path by utilizing the fully soaked cell wall, thereby obtaining the solar water evaporation material with high evaporation efficiency and separation and blocking performance of volatile organic compounds, and overcoming the problem that the existing means cannot give consideration to the high evaporation efficiency and the treatment function of the volatile organic pollutants.

Description

Method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw medulla and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass resource utilization and solar water evaporation materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw cores and application of the solar water evaporation material.
Background
Fresh water is an essential resource for human production and development. Although the earth has extremely abundant water resources, 96.5% of the water resources are ocean water, and the water resources which can be directly utilized only account for less than 0.4%. As the population increases and the industry develops, the demand for fresh water resources increases day by day, and the shortage of fresh water supply has become a serious challenge in many countries and regions. Solar interface water evaporation technology has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its characteristics of convenience, high efficiency and low investment cost. The basic principle of the solar interface water evaporation technology is that the photothermal conversion and the water evaporation process are limited to be carried out at a gas-liquid interface, so that most of heat energy generated by the photothermal conversion is applied to the evaporation of water, and further, the efficient seawater desalination and sewage treatment are realized.
However, most of the existing solar-driven water evaporation materials, whether based on natural biomass or artificial materials, can only separate inorganic salts and non-volatile organic compounds in water, and are difficult to treat and separate volatile organic pollutants in water. This is because in the solar interface evaporation process, as the water evaporates, the volatile organic pollutants will also evaporate, and even will be concentrated in the condensed water. Some research works are to prepare solar water evaporation materials with the function of treating volatile organic pollutants by loading materials capable of catalytically degrading organic pollutants, composite organic pollutant adsorption materials, selecting selectively permeable base materials and the like, but the solar interface water evaporation materials with the function of treating volatile organic pollutants have the problems of complex and complicated preparation method, high cost and the like, and the solar interface water evaporation materials prepared by the method have the difficulty of having high evaporation efficiency and high volatile organic pollutant treatment functions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw cores and application thereof, and the obtained solar water evaporation material can overcome the problem that the existing means is difficult to combine high evaporation efficiency and a volatile organic pollutant treatment function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material is characterized in that the pith of sunflower straws has the characteristics of being closed and having a cell wall with selective permeability, and is used as a raw material, a light absorption layer is constructed on the surface of the pith of sunflower straws, and then the pith of sunflower straws is soaked in water, so that the sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material with high evaporation efficiency and capability of blocking and separating volatile organic pollutants is prepared; the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Separating the core of sunflower straw from the sunflower straw;
(2) Constructing a light absorption layer on the surface of the sunflower straw medulla core obtained in the step (1) to enhance the light absorption and photo-thermal conversion effects;
(3) And (3) soaking the sunflower straw medulla core with the light absorption layer on the surface, which is obtained in the step (2), in water for 0.5-60 days.
Further, the light absorption layer in the step (2) is constructed by loading a material with light absorption and light-heat conversion functions on the surface of the sunflower straw core by a coating or soaking method, or carbonizing the surface of the sunflower straw core by a heating or laser direct writing method.
Further, the material having the light absorption and photothermal conversion functions may be metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and palladium metal nanoparticles, or carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black, or Ti 2 O 3 Black TiO 2 2 And semiconductor materials such as SiC.
Furthermore, the thickness of the light absorption layer can be 0.1 to 1000 mu m.
The sunflower straw core solar water evaporation material can be used for separation and purification of volatile organic compounds, seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material provided by the invention has the following gain effects:
(1) The invention takes the agricultural by-product sunflower straw medulla as the raw material, and realizes the separation of volatile organic pollutants in water by utilizing the special closed cell wall with selective permeability;
(2) The invention adopts soaking to form a water transportation passage, enhances the water transportation function of the sunflower straw pulp core, overcomes the barrier effect of a closed structure on water transportation and conduction, and is applied to 1 sun (1 kW m) -2 ) The water evaporation efficiency under the illumination condition can reach 3.3 kg.m -2 ·h -1 The material is superior to most of solar water evaporation materials reported at present;
(3) The solar water evaporation material provided by the invention takes sunflower straw medulla as a raw material, the raw material cost is low, the sunflower straw medulla is renewable, and meanwhile, the preparation process is simple, convenient and easy to realize, and the solar water evaporation material has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the core of sunflower straw from example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the sun flower straw-based solar evaporation materials prepared in example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1 in 1 sun (1 kW m) -2 ) Rate of photo-thermal water evaporation under light conditions.
FIG. 3 is a heat flow curve of the sunflower straw-based solar evaporation materials prepared in example 1, example 3 and comparative example 1 in the range of-20 to 20 ℃.
FIG. 4 is a UV absorption spectrum of condensed water obtained by evaporating phenol solution with sunflower straw core solar water evaporation material prepared in example 1 (A) and comparative example 2 (B).
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.
Unless otherwise specified, experimental reagents and materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available, and unless otherwise specified, technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Separating core part and outer skin part of sunflower stalk, processing the core into 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), and soaking in 10 mg/mL -1 And taking out the carbon nano tube after 10 minutes of ethanol dispersion liquid, and drying the carbon nano tube in a 60 ℃ oven to form a light absorption layer of the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon nano tube. Subsequently, it was soaked in water for 30 days, thereby obtaining a sunflower straw-based solar water evaporation material.
Example 2
Separating core part and outer skin part of sunflower stalk, processing the core into 10 mm × 10 mm × 20 mm (length × width × height), and soaking in 10 mg/mL -1 And taking out the carbon nano tube after 10 minutes of ethanol dispersion liquid, and drying the carbon nano tube in a 60 ℃ oven to form a light absorption layer of the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon nano tube. Subsequently, it was soaked in water for 30 days, thereby obtaining a sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material.
Example 3
Separating core part and outer skin part of sunflower stalk, processing the obtained core into strip shape of 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), and soaking in 10 mg/mL -1 And taking out the carbon nano tube after 10 minutes of ethanol dispersion liquid, and drying the carbon nano tube in a 60 ℃ oven to form a light absorption layer of the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon nano tube. Subsequently, it was soaked in water for 10 days, thereby obtaining a sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material.
Example 4
Separating the core part and the outer skin part of sunflower stalk, and separating the core part and the outer skin partThe obtained medulla Junci is processed into strip shape of 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), and then processed into 5 mg/mL -1 The gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of a sunflower straw core, and then the sunflower straw core is placed in a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying, so that a light absorption layer of gold nanoparticles is formed on the surface of the sunflower straw core. Subsequently, it was soaked in water for 30 days, thereby obtaining a sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material.
Example 5
Separating core part and outer skin part of sunflower stalk, processing the obtained core into 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), and mixing with 50 mg/mL -1 Ti 2 O 3 The particle dispersion liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of a sunflower straw medulla core, and then the sunflower straw medulla core is placed in a 60 ℃ oven for drying, so that a light absorption layer of gold nanoparticles is formed on the surface of the sunflower straw medulla core. Subsequently, it was soaked in water for 30 days, thereby obtaining a sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material.
Comparative example 1
Separating core part and outer skin part of sunflower stalk, processing the core into 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), and soaking in 10 mg/mL -1 And taking out the carbon nano tube after 10 minutes from the ethanol dispersion liquid of the carbon nano tube, and drying the carbon nano tube in a 60 ℃ oven to form a light absorption layer of the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon nano tube, thereby obtaining the non-soaked sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material.
Comparative example 2
Separating core part and skin part of sunflower straw, processing the core into strip shape of 10 mm × 10 mm × 15 mm (length × width × height), penetrating the core with steel needle to form a through pore structure similar to corn straw in the core, and soaking in 10 mg/mL -1 And taking out the carbon nano tube after 10 minutes of ethanol dispersion liquid, and drying the carbon nano tube in a 60 ℃ oven to form a light absorption layer of the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon nano tube. Subsequently, it was immersed in water for 30 days, thereby obtaining a solar water evaporation material having through pores.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the core of sunflower straw from example 1. It can be obviously observed from the figure that unlike most of wood and plant straws, the sunflower straw pulp core part has no communicated pores such as a conduit, a sieve tube and the like, and the whole body is composed of thin-wall cells with a closed structure.
FIG. 2 shows the sun flower straw-based solar evaporation materials prepared in example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1 in 1 sun (1 kW m) -2 ) Rate of photo-thermal water evaporation under light conditions. As can be seen from the figure, the non-soaked sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material obtained in comparative example 1 has an evaporation rate of only 1.37 + -0.02 kg m under 1 sun -2 h -1 In addition, the evaporation rate of the sunflower straw pith core based solar water evaporation material prepared in the examples 1 and 2 under 1 sun can reach 3.39 +/-0.10 kg m -2 h -1 And 3.21. + -. 0.07 kg m -2 h -1 The material is superior to most of the reported biomass-based solar water evaporation materials, which shows that the evaporation performance of the sunflower straw pith-core-based solar water evaporation material can be remarkably improved through long-time soaking.
FIG. 3 is a heat flow curve of the sunflower straw-based solar evaporation materials prepared in example 1, example 3 and comparative example 1 in the range of-20 to 20 ℃. As can be seen from the figure, the sunflower straw-based solar evaporation material prepared in comparative example 1 has no endothermic peak observed at about 0 ℃, which indicates that the contained water is the bound water; the sunflower straw-based solar evaporation materials prepared in examples 1 and 3 can observe two obvious endothermic peaks at about 0 ℃, which belong to intermediate water and free water in the materials, and the intensity and the position of the endothermic peaks are obviously changed along with the change of the soaking time. Therefore, the moisture state in the sunflower straw core-marrow-based solar water evaporation material can be changed by soaking liquid water, so that the moisture evaporation enthalpy is changed, the moisture is easier to evaporate under the same illumination condition, and the evaporation performance of the material is improved.
FIG. 4 is a UV absorption spectrum of condensed water obtained by evaporation of sunflower straw core solar water evaporation material prepared in example 1 (A) and comparative example 2 (B) in phenol solution. As can be seen from the figure, the sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material obtained in the example 1 has a remarkable interception effect on phenol which is a volatile pollutant in water, while the sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material obtained in the comparative example 2 obviously loses the interception effect on the volatile pollutant. The result shows that the unique closed structure of the sunflower straw pith can realize interception of volatile pollutants, which is not possessed by other existing solar water evaporation materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing solar water evaporation materials based on sunflower straw medulla is characterized in that the sunflower straw medulla is used as a raw material, a light absorption layer is constructed on the surface of the sunflower straw medulla and then the sunflower straw medulla is soaked in water, and therefore the sunflower straw medulla-based solar water evaporation materials which are high in evaporation efficiency and capable of blocking and separating volatile organic pollutants are prepared.
2. The method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw pith as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorption layer is formed by coating or soaking material with light absorption and light-heat conversion functions on the surface of sunflower straw pith or carbonizing the surface of sunflower straw pith by heating or laser direct writing.
3. The method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw pith according to claim 2, wherein the material with light absorption and light-heat conversion function comprises any one of metal nanoparticles, carbon material or semiconductor material.
4. The method for preparing the solar water evaporation material based on the sunflower straw core pulp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time is 0.5 to 60 days.
5. A sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material prepared by the method of claim 1.
6. The use of the sunflower straw pith-based solar water evaporation material of claim 5 in volatile organic compound separation and purification.
7. Use of the sunflower straw core solar water evaporation material of claim 5 in desalination of sea water.
8. Use of the sunflower straw core solar water evaporation material of claim 5 in sewage treatment.
CN202210940146.9A 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Method for preparing solar water evaporation material based on sunflower straw medulla and application thereof Pending CN115301674A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120105697A (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-26 전윤석 Method for producing heavy metals adsorbent with enhanced adsorptive power using sunflower stem
CN109485115A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-03-19 大连理工大学 A method of based on corncob entirety Carbon Materials solar energy optical-thermal purified water
CN109734148A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-05-10 菏泽学院 A kind of preparation method and applications of the biomass carbon material for solar energy evaporation water
CN112625457A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-09 温州科技职业学院 Solar evaporator based on corn straws and preparation method thereof
CN114212851A (en) * 2021-03-03 2022-03-22 中国科学院化学研究所 Solar seawater desalination material based on natural plant rods and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120105697A (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-26 전윤석 Method for producing heavy metals adsorbent with enhanced adsorptive power using sunflower stem
CN109485115A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-03-19 大连理工大学 A method of based on corncob entirety Carbon Materials solar energy optical-thermal purified water
CN109734148A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-05-10 菏泽学院 A kind of preparation method and applications of the biomass carbon material for solar energy evaporation water
CN112625457A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-09 温州科技职业学院 Solar evaporator based on corn straws and preparation method thereof
CN114212851A (en) * 2021-03-03 2022-03-22 中国科学院化学研究所 Solar seawater desalination material based on natural plant rods and preparation method and application thereof

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