CN115296724B - RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system - Google Patents
RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18515—Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
Abstract
The invention provides a Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system based on RDSS, and relates to the technical field of online monitoring of power transmission lines. This unmanned district on-line monitoring system of big dipper communication based on RDSS, including main control unit, RDSS big dipper communication unit, monitoring unit, power supply unit, its characterized in that: the online monitoring system adopts a star network connection mode with a main control unit as a center, and the main control unit acquires data of the monitoring unit through various wide and narrow band communication modes and then transmits the data to the master station through the RDSS Beidou communication unit; the main control unit comprises an Android intelligent module and an MCU module, wherein the Android intelligent module is internally provided with an edge computing module and used for screening acquired data. Through the design of the RDSS Beidou communication unit, the on-line monitoring system communicates by depending on a Beidou satellite, the problem that unmanned area lines cannot communicate is avoided, the coverage range of the on-line monitoring system is improved, and monitoring blind spots are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of online monitoring of power transmission lines, in particular to an RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system.
Background
From 2015 to date, the development of online monitoring of transmission lines in China shows explosive growth, and the annual national market bid share reaches billions of yuan according to statistics. The manufacturers researching on-line monitoring devices grow from original several to dozens of, the types of on-line monitoring devices also grow to dozens of, and according to the difference of monitoring functions and objects, on-line monitoring systems can be divided into various types of devices such as images, videos, lightning arresters, microclimates, wire clamp temperature measurement, icing, tower inclination, wire sag, wire sprites and the like.
The traditional transmission line on-line monitoring technology plays a positive role in resisting disasters and guaranteeing safe operation of a power grid, but certain problems also exist in the current partial power grid transmission line monitoring according to research, such as: the unmanned area line cannot solve the communication problem; the online monitoring technology of the MOA lightning arrester is immature; other single monitoring equipment has single function and poor expansion performance; due to the lack of uniform standards and specifications of different online monitoring devices, equipment of various manufacturers cannot be interconnected and intercommunicated, and the requirements of centralized monitoring, analysis, diagnosis, evaluation and prediction of the intelligent power grid cannot be met; lacking edge-side computation, a large amount of repeated or useless data is uploaded to the master station, resulting in waste of network resources and increased cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system, solves the problems of defects and shortcomings of the traditional online monitoring system at present and the limitation in multiple aspects such as expansibility, compatibility and unicity, further ensures the running safety of the power transmission line, improves the accuracy of the monitoring system, can comprehensively display the health state of the power transmission line finally, and achieves the purpose of correctly guiding the operation and maintenance work of preventing external damage and hidden danger.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: beidou communication unmanned area on-line monitoring system based on RDSS includes main control unit, RDSS Beidou communication unit, monitoring unit, power supply unit, its characterized in that: the online monitoring system adopts a star network connection mode taking a main control unit as a center, the main control unit collects data of the monitoring unit through various wide and narrow band communication modes and then transmits the data to a master station through an RDSS Beidou communication unit;
the main control unit comprises an Android intelligent module and an MCU module, wherein the Android intelligent module is internally provided with an edge computing module and used for screening acquired data, and the MCU module is used for guaranteeing the stability of system operation;
the RDSS Beidou communication unit comprises a Beidou communication terminal and a Beidou commander, the RDSS Beidou communication unit is based on a Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system, a Beidou RDSS communication satellite is used for regularly transmitting data back to the Beidou commander of the master station through the Beidou communication terminal at the field end every day in an outdoor signal-free area, and the Beidou communication terminal is connected with the master control unit in an RS485 communication mode;
the monitoring unit is used for collecting the state of the power transmission and transformation equipment, and comprises a self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, a wire clamp temperature measuring unit, an icing monitoring unit and a micro meteorological unit, wherein the icing monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination sensor and an anti-icing camera, the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, the wire clamp temperature measuring unit, the micro meteorological unit and the integrated tension and inclination sensor are connected with the main control unit in an RF433 communication mode, and the anti-icing camera is connected with the main control unit in a wifi communication mode;
the power supply unit comprises a solar power generation device, a super capacitor and a storage battery, and is used for providing electric energy for the online monitoring system.
Preferably, the method for guaranteeing the stability of the system operation by the MCU comprises the following steps:
when the system is started, the singlechip does not judge a power supply, does not execute a starting action and is started by hardware logic;
step two, the single chip microcomputer is dedicated to realizing the function of the watchdog;
thirdly, considering the problems of host monitoring and high power consumption, the communication mode is changed to that the single chip monitors the serial port instruction of the host module, serial port data are expected to be received for several times within a certain time, if the serial port data are not received within overtime, the host system is considered to be crashed, and then reset action is executed;
step four, the single pressing of the power-on key and the return desktop key is the power-on function and the home key function, and the single chip microcomputer is temporarily not required to execute the operation of independently pressing the two keys;
step five, the single chip microcomputer reset system needs to execute double keys and simultaneously presses more than 10S;
and step six, if the MCU exceeds a certain query period and does not receive the query instruction of the intelligent module, the MCU judges the fault, the MCU executes a reset action on the host module, after the reset action is executed, if the query instruction is still not received in the certain query period, the MCU resets again, and if the MCU executes the reset for 3 times at most, the reset operation is stopped.
Preferably, the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit is configured to collect leakage current, lightning frequency and lightning time characteristic data of the line lightning protection device under the operating voltage in real time.
Preferably, the acquisition function of the self-checking arrester monitoring unit is realized through the following steps:
selecting a 50Hz power frequency signal generating circuit through a signal selection circuit, then enabling the signal to enter an FPGA through a program control amplifier and A/D conversion, carrying out frequency calculation on the signal in the FPGA, and carrying out the next step if the frequency is correct so as to ensure that the device can stably run;
after the frequency detection is correct, the device enters waiting time, when a 1PPS pulse trigger signal of a GPS module arrives, a signal selection circuit selects a current sensor or a voltage sensor as a signal source, the signal enters an FPGA internal logic module after passing through a program control amplifier and a signal conditioning circuit, and the frequency of the current power grid voltage or leakage current is measured to ensure that the acquired signal is a whole period, so that the frequency spectrum leakage is prevented from occurring during data processing;
and thirdly, after the frequencies of the leakage current and the line voltage are measured, data acquisition of 500 points in one period is carried out on signals of the leakage current and the line voltage, the acquired data are stored in an RAM inside the FPGA, after the acquisition is finished, the data are read out from the RAM, the DSP part mainly realizes FFT processing on the data acquired by the FPGA to obtain a phase difference between the current and the voltage, and then the value of the resistive current is calculated, and each monitoring parameter obtained through calculation is packaged and sent to the main control unit through an RF 433.
Preferably, the wire clamp temperature measuring unit comprises a power supply device, a controller and a temperature sensor, the power supply device is of a hose clamp type dual-mode structure and is made of special soft magnetic materials, and the power supply device supplies power to the wire clamp temperature measuring unit in a CT energy obtaining mode.
Preferably, the ice coating monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination sensor and an ice coating-proof camera, the integrated tension and inclination sensor is designed in an integrated mode, the whole external structure is a replaceable hardware fitting structure, an inclination sensor module and a tension sensor module are arranged in the integrated tension and inclination sensor, the integrated tension and inclination sensor is used for collecting axial tension, wind deflection angle and inclination angle parameters of the insulator string, the ice coating-proof camera is designed to be an upper cylinder and a lower cone-shaped horn opening, an annular spoiler is arranged inside a lower cone cavity of the ice coating-proof camera, the ice coating-proof camera comprises a cabin shell and an internal cabin, a foaming agent with low heat conduction is filled between the cabin shell and the internal cabin, the cabin shell is made of aluminum alloy, the internal cabin is provided with a camera core, heat insulation glass and heating glass, and the lower surface of the heat insulation glass and the inner wall surface of the camera are made of high-transmittance super-hydrophobic materials.
Preferably, the microclimate unit is configured as a six-element microclimate sensor, and the microclimate unit is powered by a separate power supply.
Preferably, the solar power generation device adopts a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, and the storage battery adopts a lithium titanate battery.
The invention provides a Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system based on RDSS. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the design of the RDSS Beidou communication unit, the on-line monitoring system is communicated by depending on the Beidou satellite, the problem that the unmanned area line cannot be communicated is avoided, the coverage range of the on-line monitoring system is improved, and the monitoring blind spots are reduced.
2. According to the invention, through the design of the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, the online monitoring system can acquire the leakage current, the lightning times, the lightning time and other characteristic data of the line lightning protection equipment under the operating voltage in real time, and meanwhile, the temperature operation of the lightning arrester monitoring work is achieved through the self-checking characteristic.
3. According to the invention, the main control unit and the detection unit are in communication connection in an RF433 and wifi mode, so that the interconnection and intercommunication of the whole system are realized, and the requirements of centralized monitoring, analysis, diagnosis, evaluation and prediction of the intelligent power grid are met.
4. According to the invention, the edge computing module arranged in the main control unit is used for screening the useless data through the edge computing algorithm after the data is collected by the online monitoring system, and then uploading the useless data to the main station, so that the waste of network resources and the increase of cost caused by uploading a large amount of repeated or useless data to the main station are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-checking arrester detection system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an RDSS-based beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system, which includes a main control unit, an RDSS beidou communication unit, a monitoring unit, and a power supply unit, and is characterized in that: the online monitoring system adopts a star network connection mode with a main control unit as a center, and the main control unit acquires data of the monitoring unit through various wide and narrow band communication modes and then transmits the data to a master station through an RDSS Beidou communication unit;
the main control unit comprises an Android intelligent module and an MCU module, wherein an edge calculation module is arranged in the Android intelligent module and used for screening acquired data, and the MCU module is used for guaranteeing the stability of system operation;
because the Android technical route has high open source degree, high integration level, low power consumption, multithreading processing capacity, higher performance and lower hardware cost, the main control module of the main control unit is selected to adopt an Android intelligent module, the Android intelligent module adopts a joint MTK6739, and the MCU module adopts STM8L051F3P6 which is an ultra-low power microcontroller.
The RDSS Beidou communication unit comprises a Beidou communication terminal and a Beidou commander, the RDSS Beidou communication unit is based on a Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system, a Beidou RDSS communication satellite is utilized, in an outdoor signal-free area, the Beidou communication terminal at the site end regularly transmits data back to the Beidou commander of the master station through the satellite every day, and the Beidou communication terminal is connected with the master control unit in an RS485 communication mode;
the Beidou satellite system is open to civilian use at present, a short message service is adopted in a packet year form, the cost is low, and image data needs to be transmitted in the system, but the traditional satellite communication bandwidth is narrow, images cannot be transmitted, the Beidou third-class communication technology can adopt a progressive image compression transmission mode, the problem of transmitting images and voice under a narrow-band condition is solved, compared with the traditional satellite communication, the Beidou satellite communication system has the advantages that the advantages are extremely high, the all-weather two-way communication function of the Beidou satellite is utilized to achieve the communication problem between a power transmission line non-signal area polymorphic monitoring device and a main station system through a short message communication mode, the line health state is judged through the daily monitoring data condition, and therefore the function of remote monitoring of a non-people area is achieved.
Because big dipper communication module consumption is higher when the transmission data, so the design solves the problem of high-power consumption through the dormancy, and big dipper communication terminal defaults the report time and does: 9 am, 6 pm, inside RTC timer that adopts the low-power consumption, when getting into the dormancy at ordinary times, the complete machine consumption reaches 10uA, when reaching preset time, by sensor monitoring data completion back earlier, communication terminal will be battery data and each unit sensor data packing of master control monitoring to a data packet, starts big dipper short message module again and sends the master station system.
The monitoring unit is used for collecting the state of the power transmission and transformation equipment, and comprises a self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, a wire clamp temperature measuring unit, an icing monitoring unit and a micrometeorological unit, wherein the icing monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination sensor and an anti-icing camera, the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, the wire clamp temperature measuring unit, the micrometeorological unit and the integrated tension and inclination sensor are connected with the main control unit in an RF433 communication mode, and the anti-icing camera is connected with the main control unit in a wifi communication mode;
because except the image data of the anti-icing camera in this project, other monitoring only contain pure data acquisition class sensor, because RF433 has advantages such as low power dissipation, interference killing feature are strong, economic nature is high again, so except that anti-icing camera passes through wifi communication mode and is connected with the main control unit, other monitoring units all pass through RF433 communication mode and are connected with the main control unit.
The power supply unit comprises a solar power generation device, a super capacitor and a storage battery, and is used for providing electric energy for the online monitoring system.
The power supply system is an important component of the on-line monitoring sensor of the power transmission line, the stability and reliability of the power supply directly influence the stability and reliability of the whole set of device, and in the aspect of the energy taking technology of the wire sensor, two solutions are generally available: firstly, a lead induction energy-taking solution is to utilize an electromagnetic field generated around a lead in the electric energy transmission process of a power transmission line to obtain electric energy through an induction coil; secondly, the solar energy obtaining solution is that a solar panel is embedded on the surface of the sensor to obtain the energy required by the sensor, but the induction energy obtaining mode depends heavily on whether the running current (current-carrying capacity) of the lead is in an ideal state: when the current of the lead wire is too small, the normal operation of the supporting device can not be supported due to insufficient energy induced; when the current of the lead is overlarge, the temperature of the induction coil is increased and the induction coil is burnt due to overlarge induction current, so the system mainly adopts the solution of solar energy, super capacitor and high-performance storage battery.
The method for guaranteeing the stability of the system operation by the MCU comprises the following steps:
step one, when the system is started, the singlechip does not judge a power supply, does not execute a starting action, and is started by hardware logic;
step two, the singlechip is dedicated to realizing the function of the watchdog;
thirdly, considering the problems of host monitoring and high power consumption, the communication mode is changed to that the single chip monitors the serial port instruction of the host module, serial port data are expected to be received for several times within a certain time, if the serial port data are not received within overtime, the host system is considered to be crashed, and then reset action is executed;
step four, the independent pressing of the power-on key and the return desktop key is a power-on function and a home key function, and the single chip microcomputer does not need to execute the operation of independently pressing the two keys temporarily;
step five, the single chip microcomputer reset system needs to execute double keys and simultaneously presses more than 10S;
and step six, if the MCU exceeds a certain query period and does not receive the query instruction of the intelligent module, the MCU judges the fault, the MCU executes a reset action on the host module, after the reset action is executed, if the query instruction is still not received in the certain query period, the MCU resets again, and if the MCU executes the reset for 3 times at most, the reset operation is stopped.
The MCU module is the guarantee of entire system operating stability, through above functional design, can guarantee the stability of entire system operation by the at utmost.
The self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit is configured to collect leakage current, lightning frequency and lightning time characteristic data of line lightning protection equipment under operating voltage in real time.
The self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit mainly comprises a microprocessor, a voltage signal sampling module, a current signal sampling module power supply module, a lightning stroke counting module, a wireless communication module, an A/D (analog/digital) calibration module, a liquid crystal interface and an expansion RAM (random access memory).
The commonly used method for monitoring the leakage current of the zinc oxide arrester comprises the following steps: total leakage current method, third harmonic method, compensation method, harmonic analysis method, etc. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for the reduction of the insulating property of the zinc oxide arrester is that the zinc oxide valve plate is aged, so that the nonlinear characteristic of the zinc oxide arrester is deteriorated, the main performance is that the harmonic component of the resistive current is obviously increased under the normal operating voltage of a system, the fundamental component of the resistive current is relatively slightly increased, the second reason is that the zinc oxide arrester is affected with damp, the main performance is that the fundamental component of the resistive current is obviously increased under the normal operating voltage, and the harmonic component of the resistive current is relatively slightly increased, so that the measurement of each harmonic of the resistive current can accurately judge the reason for the reduction of the performance of the zinc oxide arrester; by carrying out comprehensive analysis and comprehensive comparison on various online monitoring methods and adopting the characteristic of combining a harmonic analysis method and a double AT method to establish a mathematical model for online monitoring of the MOA, not only can a resistive current component reflecting the insulation state of the MOA be obtained, but also the number of lightning impulse times borne by the MOA can be obtained, and the harmonic analysis method is less interfered by interphase coupling capacitance and power grid harmonic, so that the measurement result is accurate and can be used as a basis for reasonably analyzing the operation state and fault reasons of the MOA.
Meanwhile, the current detection of the self-checking arrester monitoring unit applies non-contact measurement, a sampling mode of full isolation and no residual voltage is realized, no influence is generated on the working of the arrester, the personal safety and the equipment safety are effectively guaranteed, when the leakage current value of the arrester is below 1mA, a detection signal is sent out by the monitoring system every 4 hours by injecting test current from a controller of the arrester on-line monitoring system, the leakage current of the arrester is measured for 1 time, the platform displays normally, and alarm information cannot exist; when the leakage current value of the lightning arrester is larger than 1mA, the platform judges that the lightning arrester has a fault sign, and prompts a worker to process the fault sign; when the leakage current value of the lightning arrester is larger than 5mA, the platform judges that the lightning arrester has a fault, and prompts a worker to process the fault. The self-inspection of the lightning arrester is realized. When lightning stroke analog signals are injected from a controller of the lightning arrester on-line monitoring system, whether the counter operates normally is monitored, and self-checking of the lightning arrester counter is achieved.
The self-checking type arrester monitoring unit acquires the function through the following steps:
selecting a 50Hz power frequency signal generating circuit through a signal selection circuit, then enabling the signal to enter an FPGA through a program control amplifier and A/D conversion, carrying out frequency calculation on the signal in the FPGA, and if the frequency is correct, carrying out the next step to ensure that the device can stably operate;
after the frequency detection is correct, the device enters waiting time, when a 1PPS pulse trigger signal of a GPS module arrives, a signal selection circuit selects a current sensor or a voltage sensor as a signal source, the signal enters an FPGA internal logic module after passing through a program control amplifier and a signal conditioning circuit, and the frequency of the current power grid voltage or leakage current is detected, so that the acquired signal is ensured to be a whole period, and the frequency spectrum leakage is prevented from occurring during data processing;
and step three, after the frequencies of the leakage current and the line voltage are measured, 500-point data acquisition is carried out on signals of the leakage current and the line voltage in one period, the acquired data are stored in an RAM inside the FPGA, after the acquisition is finished, the data are read out from the RAM, the DSP part mainly realizes FFT processing on the data acquired by the FPGA to obtain the phase difference between the current and the voltage, the value of the resistive current is calculated, and then each monitoring parameter obtained through calculation is packaged and sent to the main control unit through an RF 433.
The wire clamp temperature measuring unit comprises a power supply device, a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the power supply device is of a hose clamp type dual-mode structure and is made of special soft magnetic materials, and the power supply device supplies power to the wire clamp temperature measuring unit in a CT energy obtaining mode.
Because the wire clamp temperature measuring sensor needs to be installed at a wire clamp, the temperature measuring unit is powered by directly contacting a high-voltage wire in a CT energy taking mode, the current in the high-voltage power transmission line changes in a sine wave mode, the generated magnetic field also changes, and the Faraday law of electromagnetic induction shows that when the magnetic flux changes, induced electromotive force is generated on a coil penetrating through an iron core, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is induced electromotive force = n magnetic flux/unit time. In the electromagnetic coupling mode, the coil induction output end is approximately equivalent to a constant current source, and the current of the secondary side induction output is increased along with the increase of the primary side current. If the secondary side keeps the load unchanged at this time, the voltage on the secondary side loop will rise due to the charging of the filter capacitor by the current, and when the voltage rises to a certain range, the device will be damaged due to overvoltage. This system reduces once more the alternating current that can get the coil and acquire, add surge protection and overvoltage protection afterwards, through rectifier, filtering, the steady voltage processing to the sinusoidal voltage that reduces amplitude behind the protection circuit, voltage signal after the stability is used for supplying power for the device, adopt larynx hoop formula bimodulus structure, choose for use special soft magnetic material simultaneously, can just can the steady operation more than 10A, and there is not the phenomenon of generating heat under 5000A heavy current, no current blind spot, safe and reliable more, guarantee temperature sensor's reliability and equipment life conscientiously.
The controller adopts STM8L051 to control the temperature sensor to collect the temperature on the surface of the lead, collects the temperature at regular time and judges whether the temperature reaches an alarm value, if so, the temperature is sent, otherwise, the data is sent according to the fixed time. After the MCU collects and judges whether to send, the MCU enters a low power consumption state. A hardware watchdog is added into the system, the probe does not need to be maintained after being installed, the system can be automatically reset and restarted under the condition of unexpected crash, and the normal operation of the system can be ensured, wherein a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is adopted as the temperature sensor, the measurement temperature range is-55 ℃ to +125 ℃, and the inherent temperature measurement error is 1 ℃. And the multi-point networking function is supported, and multi-point temperature measurement is realized. The sensor is small in size, can realize multipoint measurement on the conducting wire in one temperature measuring device, and can enable the result to be more reasonable through comprehensive analysis and evaluation of measured data. And the single bus interface is adopted, the acquired temperature signal can be directly input into the singlechip without adding an AD conversion module, and the signal is more conveniently processed.
The icing monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination angle sensor, an anti-icing camera, the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor is designed in an integrated mode, the whole external structure is a replaceable hardware fitting structure, an inclination angle sensor module and a tension sensor module are arranged in the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor, the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor is used for collecting axial tension of an insulator string, a wind deflection angle and inclination angle parameters, the anti-icing camera is designed to be an upper cylindrical lower conical horn opening, an annular spoiler is arranged inside a lower conical cavity of the anti-icing camera, the anti-icing camera comprises an engine room shell and an internal engine room, a foaming agent with low heat conductivity is filled between the engine room shell and the internal engine room, the engine room shell is made of aluminum alloy, the internal engine room is provided with a camera core, heat insulation glass and heating glass, and the lower surface of the heat insulation glass and the inner wall surface of the camera are made of high-transmittance super-hydrophobic materials.
The integrated tension and inclination angle sensor adopts an integrated design, the whole external structure is a replaceable hardware fitting structure, various functional requirements of the replaced hardware fitting are completely met, and the nominal damage load is 1.2 times larger than that of the corresponding hardware fitting. The appearance is T style of calligraphy, embeds inclination sensor module and force sensor module. The inclination angle sensor module and the tension sensor module are fixed through a shell made of 17-4PH stainless steel. The environmental adaptability of the sensor meets the requirements of IP66 and severe environmental conditions such as low temperature, ice coating, snow coating and the like, the inclination angle sensor module is implanted into the tension sensor module on hardware, the inclination angle sensor chip is perpendicular to the opposite surface of the plane of the wire outlet, the installation error of the original inclination angle sensor caused by the installation and debugging reference surface is eliminated by fixing the position of the inclination angle sensor chip, and the error of the tension sensor caused by the deformation of the tension sensor caused by the stress of the fixed inclination angle sensor clamp is eliminated. The electrical interface of the tilt angle sensor module and the electrical interface of the tension sensor module are shared and are connected with an external main controller through cables, so that the integral power supply and communication of the integrated tension/tilt angle sensor structural part are realized.
The cameras on the market support internet access communication, the ice-covering-proof cameras are considered to be full wireless communication, and image data can be transmitted through TTL levels, so that the ice-covering-proof camera cores select 200-thousand-pixel PTC2M0B cameras supporting serial port communication, the communication mode is TTL level communication, the focal length is 12mm, the field angle is 30 degrees, the illumination is low, and the ideal photographing effect is still achieved in a dark light or night environment. The camera is divided into a cabin shell and an internal cabin double-layer structure, the whole camera is designed into an upper cylinder and a lower conical horn opening, and the design enables the camera to effectively avoid the air flow inside the cavity caused by transverse wind under a vertical small angle. The camera core, the heat insulation glass and the heating glass are arranged in the internal cabin, and a foaming agent with low heat conduction is filled between the cabin shell and the internal cabin, so that the heat loss of the internal cabin can be effectively weakened; the inner walls of the conical horn of the camera and the inner cylinder of the camera are subjected to polishing oxidation treatment, so that the heat radiation loss of the internal air is reduced; the surface of the inner wall of the camera on the lower surface of the lens glass of the camera uses a high-light-transmittance super-hydrophobic material to prevent the formation of condensation and ice on the surface of the lens, and the shell is made of a metal material with corrosion resistance, ageing resistance and high strength in consideration of the application occasions of the ice-coating-proof camera on outdoor and electric power iron towers; in order to reduce the dead weight, aluminum alloy with low specific gravity is selected as the shell material.
The microclimate unit is configured as a six-element microclimate sensor and is powered by a single power supply device.
The microclimate power supply system is independent relative to other units, a 20AH lithium battery, a charge and discharge management module and a 30W solar panel are independently added to supply power to the microclimate sensor, monitoring precision is considered in the design of the microclimate sensor, a high-precision temperature and humidity sensor is adopted, the anti-interference capacity of the sensor is enhanced, the sensor is fixed in the radiation-proof louver cover through further optimization design of the structure of the meteorological sensor, and the shielding effect of the housing of the meteorological sensor is enhanced; the core components of the temperature and humidity sensor use a Rotronic temperature and humidity probe imported from Swiss, a special ASIC microprocessor with high integration level and an EEPROM memory are arranged in a chip, the monitoring precision is high, temperature and humidity data compensation of 30000 reference points is provided, and 2000 groups of temperature and humidity data can be stored; the polyethylene filter element is attached to the product, so that the dust filter has a good filtering effect on dust particles, does not absorb moisture and does not retain water; the ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor has the advantages of high accuracy, short response time, real-time measurement without lag, stable and reliable performance, freezing resistance, no mechanical mechanism, light and handy equipment volume, convenience in installation and the like. When the ultrasonic detector is used as a wind speed and direction detection sensor, a plurality of signals need to be detected in the measurement of the wind direction, and in order to enable the detection result to be more accurate, two pairs of ultrasonic probes which are vertically arranged are used for measurement.
The solar power generation device adopts a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, and the storage battery adopts a lithium titanate battery.
The single crystalline silicon solar cell is selected, so that the energy conservation rate and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are high, and the service life is long; in order to improve the efficiency of solar energy, a maximum power point tracking technology MPPT based on a constant voltage method is adopted. The output power of the solar battery changes along with the change of weather, and if the solar battery panel is directly charged for the lithium battery, the service life and the charging efficiency of the lithium battery can be influenced by the unstable charging current. In order to solve the problem, a super capacitor is added in the whole power supply system, the super capacitor is a novel energy storage device, has the advantages of large power density of a conventional capacitor and high energy density of a rechargeable battery, can be charged and discharged quickly, has long service life and shows excellent energy storage advantages, but the energy density of the conventional super capacitor is low at present, and large-capacity energy storage is difficult to realize, so that a plurality of super capacitors are connected in series in the system to increase the capacity and carry out voltage equalization treatment, the voltage of each super capacitor is ensured to be basically consistent during charging, and the phenomenon that the voltage of a specific super capacitor exceeds the rated voltage and is damaged due to unbalanced voltage is avoided; the lithium titanate battery has high safety, strong high-low temperature performance, good stability and long service life, and is more suitable for being applied to on-line monitoring products of power transmission lines.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. Beidou communication unmanned area on-line monitoring system based on RDSS includes main control unit, RDSS Beidou communication unit, monitoring unit, power supply unit, its characterized in that: the online monitoring system adopts a star network connection mode with a main control unit as a center, and the main control unit acquires data of the monitoring unit through various wide and narrow band communication modes and then transmits the data to the master station through the RDSS Beidou communication unit;
the main control unit comprises an Android intelligent module and an MCU module, wherein the Android intelligent module is internally provided with an edge computing module and used for screening acquired data, and the MCU module is used for guaranteeing the stability of system operation;
the RDSS Beidou communication unit comprises a Beidou communication terminal and a Beidou commander, the RDSS Beidou communication unit is based on a Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system, a Beidou RDSS communication satellite is used for regularly transmitting data back to the Beidou commander of the master station through the Beidou communication terminal at the field end every day in an outdoor signal-free area, and the Beidou communication terminal is connected with the master control unit in an RS485 communication mode;
the monitoring unit is used for collecting the state of the power transmission and transformation equipment, and comprises a self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, a wire clamp temperature measuring unit, an icing monitoring unit and a microclimate unit, wherein the icing monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination sensor and an anti-icing camera, the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit, the wire clamp temperature measuring unit, the microclimate unit and the integrated tension and inclination sensor are connected with the main control unit in an RF433 communication mode, and the anti-icing camera is connected with the main control unit in a wifi communication mode;
the acquisition function of the self-inspection arrester monitoring unit is realized through the following steps:
selecting a 50Hz power frequency signal generating circuit through a signal selection circuit, then enabling the signal to enter an FPGA through a program control amplifier and A/D conversion, carrying out frequency calculation on the signal in the FPGA, and if the frequency is correct, carrying out the next step to ensure that the device can stably operate;
after the frequency detection is correct, the device enters waiting time, when a 1PPS pulse trigger signal of a GPS module arrives, a signal selection circuit selects a current sensor or a voltage sensor as a signal source, the signal enters an FPGA internal logic module after passing through a program control amplifier and a signal conditioning circuit, and the frequency of the current power grid voltage or leakage current is detected, so that the acquired signal is ensured to be a whole period, and the frequency spectrum leakage is prevented from occurring during data processing;
thirdly, after the frequencies of the leakage current and the line voltage are measured, 500-point data acquisition is carried out on signals of the leakage current and the line voltage in one period, the acquired data are stored in an RAM inside an FPGA, after the acquisition is finished, the data are read out from the RAM, the DSP part mainly realizes FFT processing on the data acquired by the FPGA to obtain a phase difference between the current and the voltage, and then the value of the resistive current is calculated, and each monitoring parameter obtained through calculation is packaged and sent to a main control unit through an RF 433;
the power supply unit comprises a solar power generation device, a super capacitor and a storage battery, and is used for providing electric energy for the online monitoring system.
2. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for guaranteeing the stability of the system operation by the MCU comprises the following steps:
step one, when the system is started, the singlechip does not judge a power supply, does not execute a starting action, and is started by hardware logic;
step two, the singlechip is dedicated to realizing the function of the watchdog;
thirdly, considering the problems of host monitoring and high power consumption, the communication mode is changed to that the single chip monitors the serial port instruction of the host module, serial port data are expected to be received for several times within a certain time, if the serial port data are not received within overtime, the host system is considered to be crashed, and then reset action is executed;
step four, the single pressing of the power-on key and the return desktop key is the power-on function and the home key function, and the single chip microcomputer is temporarily not required to execute the operation of independently pressing the two keys;
step five, the single chip microcomputer reset system needs to execute the simultaneous pressing of the double keys for more than 10S;
and step six, if the MCU exceeds a certain query period and does not receive the query instruction of the intelligent module, the MCU judges the fault, executes the reset action on the host module, resets again if the query instruction is still not received in the certain query period after the reset action is executed, and stops the reset operation if the reset is executed for 3 times at most.
3. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-checking type lightning arrester monitoring unit is configured to collect leakage current, lightning frequency and lightning time characteristic data of line lightning protection equipment under operating voltage in real time.
4. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wire clamp temperature measuring unit comprises a power supply device, a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the power supply device is of a hose clamp type dual-mode structure and is made of special soft magnetic materials, and the power supply device supplies power to the wire clamp temperature measuring unit in a CT energy obtaining mode.
5. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the icing monitoring unit comprises an integrated tension and inclination angle sensor and an anti-icing camera, the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor is designed in an integrated mode, the whole external structure is of a replaceable hardware fitting structure, an inclination angle sensor module and a tension sensor module are arranged in the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor, the integrated tension and inclination angle sensor is used for collecting axial tension, wind deflection angle and inclination angle parameters of an insulator string, the anti-icing camera is integrally designed in a mode that an upper cylindrical lower conical horn opening is arranged, an annular spoiler is arranged inside a lower conical cavity of the anti-icing camera, the anti-icing camera comprises an engine room shell and an internal engine room, a foaming agent with low heat conduction is filled between the engine room shell and the internal engine room, the engine room shell is made of aluminum alloy, the internal engine room is provided with a camera core, heat insulation glass and heating glass, and the lower surface of the heat insulation glass and the inner wall surface of the camera all use high-transmittance super-hydrophobic materials.
6. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microclimate unit is configured as a six-element microclimate sensor and is powered by a separate power supply.
7. The RDSS-based Beidou communication unmanned area online monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar power generation device adopts a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, and the storage battery adopts a lithium titanate battery.
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