CN115296681A - Distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking system, which consists of an antenna part and a communication part. The antenna part is used for receiving airplane telemetering data, a plurality of directional receiving antennas are used for corresponding to different airplanes on an airport, and the installation positions of the antennas do not influence the normal work and the safety order of the airport. The received telemetering data is sent to a communication receiver to complete the receiving and frequency conversion of the telemetering signal. The demodulation of various systems and the real-time display of data bits and key parameters, as well as the storage and reading of data are realized by a telemetry module of a receiver. The detection receiver receives various real-time data, and the more one-out-of-one switch controls the completion of the selective switching of channels and traces back the emission source of the signal. The measured data of the invention is complementary with the data of the main telemetering system, so that the telemetering signals of a plurality of airplanes can be measured more accurately and simultaneously, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. Increased security and increased efficiency of the received telemetry signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a telemetering real-time monitoring system, and particularly relates to a distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system.
Background
The remote-measuring real-time monitoring system is a system responsible for monitoring data transmission work between a ground end and a test object end, and is also important equipment for reducing risk possibility of tests and improving test efficiency. The telemetering real-time monitoring system consists of a plurality of pieces of software with different functions and operates in each part of telemetering data receiving, data saving, real-time processing and the like. The system is connected by an efficient local area network, functions and data flow directions among all parts are organized, real-time evaluation of various working parameters of a target is carried out in the experimental process, and accurate and reliable data basis is provided for a ground test end. In the field of aerospace, these remote monitoring applications are widely used in the launching of orbiting satellites and other spacecraft. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the existing telemetry monitoring system usually adopts a single target to sequentially develop telemetry tasks, and although the telemetry tasks aiming at the single telemetry target can be met, the development of multi-target parallel telemetry tasks cannot be supported.
Today's aerospace telemetry systems, the PCM/FM mode is one of the most widely used telemetry system modes in various countries. With the rapid development of telemetry in recent years, the existing modulation mode information transmission capacity is no longer satisfactory for the traditional telemetry monitoring task. The existing modulation mode usually adopts PCM/FM modulation technology, which has the disadvantage of spectrum performance limitation although the performance is continuously improved in the aspects of multi-symbol detection and combination of channel error correction codes. There is therefore a need to find a more efficient waveform modulation scheme.
For most telemetry systems, the antenna module has a significant impact on the performance of the system in addition to the modulation technique. At present, a telemetry system of an airport in China uses a 2.4m parabolic antenna installed on the roof, receives a telemetry signal after an airplane takes off in the telemetry process and sends the received telemetry data to a tower. The current problems with such antennas as the main telemetry are as follows: when the airplane is stationary and takes off and lands for sliding, the received telemetering signals are not ideal due to the problem of the pitching angle of the antenna and the fact that the height of the airport tower is higher than that of the antenna. When the airplanes stay at the airport, the distance between the airplanes is too close, and the telemetry signals among a plurality of airplanes interfere with each other, so that demodulation cannot be carried out; external factors such as ground crew and construction vehicles can also interfere with the telemetry signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, a distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system comprises an antenna part and a communication part in communication connection with the antenna part; the antenna part comprises at least one directional receiving antenna and at least one coupler, and the communication part comprises a communication receiver, a multi-selection switch, a monitoring receiver and an industrial personal computer;
each directional antenna is used for receiving telemetering data signals sent by the airplane one to one, each directional receiving antenna is connected with each coupler one to one, the couplers receive the telemetering data signals from the airplane through the connected directional receiving antennas and divide the telemetering data signals into two paths of telemetering data signals to be output to the communication receiver and the monitoring receiver respectively: the communication receiver receives the telemetering data signal output by one output end of the coupler, demodulates and synchronously detects the telemetering data signal, obtains the processed telemetering data signal, and outputs the telemetering data signal to the input end of a multi-path side of the one-out-of-many switch; the monitoring receiver receives the telemetering data signals output by the other output end of the coupler, and the monitoring receiver is used for determining the optimal channel corresponding to the telemetering data signals sent by the airplane and outputting the channel; the single-path side output end of the one-of-multiple switch and the output end of the monitoring receiver are respectively connected with the input end of the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the telemetering data signals output by the monitoring receiver and switches the channel corresponding to the aircraft telemetering data signals to the optimal channel, the channel quality is reduced when the data are transmitted, and the data from the one-of-multiple switch after modulation and synchronous detection are output to the monitoring terminal by the industrial personal computer.
Further, the communication receiver comprises a JTAG interface, a data cache module, a control and interface FPGA, an FPGA configuration chip, a signal processing daughter card, and a power module, which are connected to the data cache backplane, respectively, wherein the JTAG interface is configured to receive a telemetry data signal output by the coupler and output the telemetry data signal to the control and interface FPGA, the control and interface FPGA is configured to control a timing sequence of the communication receiver, receive and output the telemetry data signal to the data signal cache module, the data cache backplane outputs the telemetry data signal to the FPGA configuration chip, the FPGA configuration chip outputs the telemetry data signal and a built-in FPGA program to the signal processing daughter card through the data cache backplane, the signal processing daughter card performs modulation, demodulation, amplification and filtering on the telemetry data signal, obtains a modulated, demodulated, filtered telemetry data signal, and outputs the modulated, demodulated, filtered telemetry data signal to the data cache backplane, and the data signal is output to the one-out switch through the control and interface FPGA.
Further, the signal processing daughter card comprises an FPGA chip, an AD9361 chip, and a radio frequency module, wherein one FPGA chip, one AD9361 chip, and one radio frequency module are sequentially connected to form a group of signal processing modules; the FPGA chip is used as an input end of the signal processing sub-card, receives telemetering data signals output by the FPGA configuration chip, modulates and demodulates the telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the AD9361 chip, the AD9361 chip performs down-conversion and quadrature demodulation on the demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the radio frequency module, the radio frequency module performs amplification filtering on the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated filtered telemetering data signals, the modulated and demodulated and filtered telemetering data signals are output to the FPGA chip through the AD9361 chip, the FPGA chip is simultaneously used as an output end of the signal processing sub-card, and the modulated and demodulated and filtered telemetering data signals are output to the data cache back panel.
Furthermore, the FPGA chip comprises an FPGA input port, and a digital filter bank, a receiving module and a transmitting module which are sequentially connected with the FPGA input port, wherein an output end of the transmitting module is connected with an input end of the digital filter bank, and an output end of the digital filter bank is used as an output end of the FPGA chip; the telemetering data signal is output to a digital filter bank from an FPGA input port, the digital filter bank filters the telemetering signal and outputs filtered telemetering data to a receiving module, the receiving module performs multi-path down-conversion, modulation and framing on the filtered telemetering data to obtain modulated telemetering data, then outputs the modulated telemetering data to a transmitting module, and the transmitting module performs multi-path framing, demodulation and up-conversion on the modulated telemetering data to obtain a demodulated telemetering data signal; and outputting the demodulated telemetry data to a digital filter bank; the FPGA chip also comprises control logic for controlling the sequential logic of the signal processing daughter card.
Further, the demodulation and synchronization detection method performed by the communication receiver on the telemetry signal comprises the following steps:
step S101, carrying out channel coding, interweaving, precoding, framing, waveform forming and continuous phase modulation on the telemetering data signal to obtain a modulated telemetering data signal;
step S102, after adding a large Doppler AWGN channel to the modulated telemetering data signal, carrying out operations of carrier frequency estimation and phase estimation, matched filtering, grid decoding and frame tail removal to obtain a filtered telemetering data signal;
and step S103, de-interleaving and channel decoding are carried out on the filtered telemetry data signal to obtain a modulation-demodulation-filtered telemetry data signal.
Further, the aforementioned determination of the optimal channel for the telemetry data signal transmitted by the monitoring receiver to the corresponding aircraft includes the following steps:
step 201, an antenna of a monitoring receiver receives a telemetering data signal and performs impedance matching on the telemetering data signal;
202, reducing the signal electric frequency of the telemetering data signal subjected to impedance matching through an attenuator to avoid signal overload;
and 203, sequentially passing the telemetered data after the signal electric frequency is reduced to a radio frequency front end, an A/D (analog/digital) converter and a digital processing module to obtain processed digital signals, judging and evaluating the quality of different channels, and determining an optimal channel corresponding to the digital signals.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the problem of interference of telemetering data signals can be solved by using the distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna, the measured data is complementary with the data of the main telemetering system, and the measured telemetering data is more accurate.
2. In the aerospace industry, the telemetering signals of a plurality of airplanes can be measured simultaneously, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
3. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna can enhance the effective utilization rate of the radiation power, enhance the confidentiality and improve the efficiency of the received telemetering signals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system.
Fig. 2 is a directional receiving antenna.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of demodulation and synchronization detection performed by a communication receiver on a telemetry signal.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a communication receiver.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an FPGA chip.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an FPGA chip.
Fig. 7 is a signal processing daughter card.
FIG. 8 is an industrial personal computer of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a radio frequency module in the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a one-out-of-many switch of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the invention are not limited to those illustrated in the drawings. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of implementation in any of the numerous concepts and embodiments described hereinabove or described in the following detailed description, since the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any embodiment. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 1, the distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking system mainly comprises an antenna part and a communication part. The antenna part comprises at least one directional receiving antenna and at least one coupler, and the communication part comprises a communication receiver, a multi-selection switch, a monitoring receiver and an industrial personal computer. Electronic equipment and various sensors on the airplane collect data, a transmitter on the airplane sends out data signals, an antenna part of the system is responsible for receiving airplane telemetering data, a plurality of directional receiving antennas are used for connecting different airplanes on an airport in a one-to-one mode, and the installation positions of the antennas do not influence the normal work and the safety order of the airport. Each directional antenna is used for receiving telemetering data signals sent by the airplane one to one, each directional receiving antenna is connected with each coupler one to one, and the couplers receive the telemetering data signals from the airplane through the connected directional receiving antennas and divide the telemetering data signals into two paths of telemetering data signals to be output to the communication receiver and the monitoring receiver respectively. The communication receiver receives the telemetering data signal output by one output end of the coupler, demodulates and synchronously detects the telemetering data signal, obtains the processed telemetering data signal, and outputs the telemetering data signal to the input end of a multi-path side of the one-out-of-many switch; the monitoring receiver receives the telemetering data signals output by the other output end of the coupler, and is used for determining and outputting the optimal channel corresponding to the telemetering data signals sent by the airplane; the single-path side output end of the one-out-of-multiple switch and the output end of the monitoring receiver are respectively connected with the input end of the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the telemetering data signals output by the monitoring receiver and switches the channel corresponding to the aircraft telemetering data signals to the optimal channel, the channel quality is reduced when the data are transmitted, and the data from the one-out-of-multiple switch after modulation and synchronous detection are output to the monitoring terminal by the industrial personal computer. And the monitoring terminal judges and evaluates the quality of different channels by extracting various parameters. In the system, an antenna end and two ends of a receiver are simultaneously connected with an optical transmitting module and an optical receiving module, and the loss of data signals in the transmission process is reduced by adopting optical fiber signal transmission.
As shown in fig. 2, the antenna part, which is distributed with a plurality of directional receiving antennas at one side of the airport, receives signals at a short distance on the ground. A directional antenna is an antenna that emits and receives electromagnetic waves in a certain direction or in certain specific directions with a strength, and emits and receives electromagnetic waves in other directions with a zero value, which is almost zero. Directional antennas are employed for several reasons: 1. the radiation capability of electromagnetic waves can be enhanced 2, the anti-interference capability can be enhanced 3, the signal source can be accurately aligned 4, and the horizontal and vertical rotation can be realized by mounting the holder, so that the supplement of telemetering data during the taking off and landing of the airplane is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 4, the communication receiver mainly implements demodulation of telemetry signals, channel quality estimation and synchronous detection when signals arrive. The remote sensing detection system comprises a JTAG interface, a data cache module, a control and interface FPGA, an FPGA configuration chip, a signal processing daughter card and a remote sensing detection module consisting of a power module, wherein the control and interface FPGA, the FPGA configuration chip, the signal processing daughter card and the power module are respectively connected with the data cache back plate, the JTAG interface is used for receiving a remote sensing data signal output by a coupler and outputting the remote sensing data signal to the control and interface FPGA, the control and interface FPGA is used for controlling the time sequence of a communication receiver and receiving and outputting the remote sensing data signal to the data signal cache module, the data cache back plate outputs the remote sensing data signal to the FPGA configuration chip, the FPGA configuration chip outputs the remote sensing data signal and a built-in FPGA program to the signal processing daughter card through the data cache back plate, the signal processing daughter card modulates, demodulates, amplifies and filters the remote sensing data signal to obtain the remote sensing data signal after modulation and demodulation, and filters the remote sensing data signal and outputs the remote sensing data signal to the data cache back plate, and the data signal is output to the data cache back plate through the control and interface FPGA to a multi-selection switch.
As shown in fig. 3, the demodulation and synchronization detection method performed by the communication receiver on the telemetry signal comprises the following steps:
step S101, carrying out channel coding, interweaving, precoding, framing, waveform forming and continuous phase modulation on the telemetering data signal to obtain a modulated telemetering data signal;
step S102, after adding a large Doppler AWGN channel to the modulated telemetering data signal, carrying out operations of carrier frequency estimation and phase estimation, matched filtering, grid decoding and frame tail removal to obtain a filtered telemetering data signal;
and step S103, performing de-interleaving and channel decoding on the filtered telemetry data signal to obtain a modulated, demodulated and filtered telemetry data signal.
Data after demodulation and synchronous monitoring are transmitted into the industrial personal computer through optical fibers, needed data are extracted and displayed on a screen, a worker can complete real-time monitoring through multiple means, and a control terminal tracks signal sources and other operations. When the telemetering system transmits data, an INET frame structure is used, and the starting position of the lead code is determined by using a lead code autocorrelation detection method to finish synchronous detection.
As shown in fig. 5, the FPGA chip includes an FPGA input port, and a digital filter bank, a receiving module, and a transmitting module sequentially connected to the FPGA input port, wherein an output end of the transmitting module is connected to an input end of the digital filter bank, and an output end of the digital filter bank is used as an output end of the FPGA chip; the telemetering data signal is output to a digital filter bank from an FPGA input port, the digital filter bank filters the telemetering signal and outputs filtered telemetering data to a receiving module, the receiving module performs multi-path down-conversion, modulation and framing on the filtered telemetering data to obtain modulated telemetering data, then outputs the modulated telemetering data to a transmitting module, and the transmitting module performs multi-path framing, demodulation and up-conversion on the modulated telemetering data to obtain a demodulated telemetering data signal; outputting the demodulated telemetering data to a digital filter bank; the FPGA chip also comprises control logic for controlling the sequential logic of the signal processing daughter card. Fig. 6 is a physical diagram of an FPGA chip used in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the signal processing daughter card includes an FPGA chip, an AD9361 chip, and a radio frequency module, and one FPGA chip, one AD9361 chip, and one radio frequency module are sequentially connected to form a set of signal processing modules; the FPGA chip is used as the input end of the signal processing daughter card, receives telemetering data signals output by the FPGA configuration chip, modulates and demodulates the telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the AD9361 chip, the AD9361 chip performs down-conversion and quadrature demodulation on the demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the radio frequency module, the radio frequency module performs amplification and filtering on the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated filtered telemetering data signals, the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals are output to the FPGA chip through the AD9361 chip, and the FPGA chip is simultaneously used as the output end of the signal processing daughter card and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the data cache backboard.
The AD9361 chip is an integrated frequency synthesizer and the microprocessor provides a configurable digital interface. The functions of A/D conversion, down conversion, quadrature demodulation and the like are mainly completed.
As shown in fig. 8, the function of the industrial personal computer is mainly to detect and control the control process, the interface FPGA and the receiving system. The portable industrial personal computer has the following characteristics: 1. the portable card has the portability of a notebook computer and the expandable card inserting performance of a desktop computer. 2. Matching with various virtual instrument cards or various self-designed test cards. 3. A double layer design is used. 4. The case is provided with the shockproof pressing strips of all the fastened board cards, so that the stability of the system is improved. 5. Various fittings may be selected.
As shown in fig. 9, the rf module is a device for transmitting wireless communication rf signals through optical fibers, and has the characteristics of high bandwidth, high responsivity, flat gain, small size, and the like.
As shown in fig. 10, the one-out-of-many switch facilitates reducing the impact on channel quality when transmitting data signals.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system is characterized by comprising an antenna part and a communication part in communication connection with the antenna part; the antenna part comprises at least one directional receiving antenna and at least one coupler, and the communication part comprises a communication receiver, a multi-selection switch, a monitoring receiver and an industrial personal computer;
each directional antenna is used for receiving telemetering data signals sent by the airplane in a one-to-one mode, each directional receiving antenna is connected with each coupler in a one-to-one mode, the couplers receive the telemetering data signals from the airplane through the connected directional receiving antennas, and the telemetering data signals are divided into two paths of telemetering data signals to be output to the communication receiver and the monitoring receiver respectively: the communication receiver receives the telemetering data signal output by one output end of the coupler, demodulates and synchronously detects the telemetering data signal to obtain the processed telemetering data signal, and outputs the telemetering data signal to the input end of a multi-path side in the one-out-of-multiple switch; the monitoring receiver receives the telemetering data signals output by the other output end of the coupler, and the monitoring receiver is used for determining the optimal channel corresponding to the telemetering data signals sent by the airplane and outputting the channel; the single-path side output end of the one-of-multiple switch and the output end of the monitoring receiver are respectively connected with the input end of the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the telemetering data signals output by the monitoring receiver and switches the channel corresponding to the aircraft telemetering data signals to the optimal channel, the channel quality is reduced when the data are transmitted, and the data from the one-of-multiple switch after modulation and synchronous detection are output to the monitoring terminal by the industrial personal computer.
2. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication receiver comprises a JTAG interface, a data cache module, and a control and interface FPGA, an FPGA configuration chip, a signal processing daughter card, and a power module respectively connected to the data cache backplane, the JTAG interface is configured to receive the telemetry data signal output by the coupler and output the telemetry data signal to the control and interface FPGA, the control and interface FPGA is configured to control the timing of the communication receiver and receive and output the telemetry data signal to the data signal cache module, the data cache backplane outputs the telemetry data signal to the FPGA configuration chip, the FPGA configuration chip outputs the telemetry data signal and a built-in FPGA program to the signal processing daughter card through the data cache backplane, the signal processing daughter card performs modulation and demodulation and amplification filtering on the telemetry data signal to obtain a modulated and demodulated telemetry data signal, which is output to the data cache backplane, and the data cache backplane is output to the one-out switch through the control and interface FPGA.
3. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the signal processing daughter card comprises an FPGA chip, an AD9361 chip and a radio frequency module, and one FPGA chip, one AD9361 chip and one radio frequency module are sequentially connected to form a set of signal processing modules; the FPGA chip is used as the input end of the signal processing daughter card, receives telemetering data signals output by the FPGA configuration chip, modulates and demodulates the telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the AD9361 chip, the AD9361 chip performs down-conversion and quadrature demodulation on the demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the radio frequency module, the radio frequency module performs amplification and filtering on the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to obtain modulated and demodulated filtered telemetering data signals, the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals are output to the FPGA chip through the AD9361 chip, and the FPGA chip is simultaneously used as the output end of the signal processing daughter card and outputs the modulated and demodulated telemetering data signals to the data cache backboard.
4. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the FPGA chip comprises an FPGA input port, and a digital filter bank, a receiving module and a transmitting module which are sequentially connected with the FPGA input port, wherein the output end of the transmitting module is connected with the input end of the digital filter bank, and the output end of the digital filter bank is used as the output end of the FPGA chip; the remote measuring data signal is output to a digital filter bank through an FPGA input port, the digital filter bank filters the remote measuring signal and outputs filtered remote measuring data to a receiving module, the receiving module carries out multi-path down-conversion, modulation and framing on the filtered remote measuring data to obtain modulated remote measuring data, then the modulated remote measuring data is output to a transmitting module, and the transmitting module carries out multi-path framing, demodulation and up-conversion on the modulated remote measuring data to obtain a demodulated remote measuring data signal; outputting the demodulated telemetering data to a digital filter bank; the FPGA chip also comprises control logic for controlling the sequential logic of the signal processing daughter card.
5. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the method for demodulation and synchronous detection of the telemetry signal by the communication receiver comprises the steps of:
step S101, carrying out channel coding, interweaving, precoding, framing, waveform forming and continuous phase modulation on the telemetering data signal to obtain a modulated telemetering data signal;
step S102, after adding a large Doppler AWGN channel to the modulated telemetering data signal, carrying out operations of carrier frequency estimation and phase estimation, matched filtering, grid decoding and frame tail removal to obtain a filtered telemetering data signal;
and step S103, de-interleaving and channel decoding are carried out on the filtered telemetry data signal to obtain a modulation-demodulation-filtered telemetry data signal.
6. The distributed multi-machine multi-channel self-tracking antenna system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of determining an optimal channel for the telemetry data signal transmitted by the corresponding aircraft by the monitoring receiver comprises the steps of:
step 201, an antenna of a monitoring receiver receives a telemetering data signal and performs impedance matching on the telemetering data signal;
202, reducing the signal electric frequency of the telemetering data signal subjected to impedance matching through an attenuator to avoid signal overload;
and 203, sequentially passing the telemetered data after the signal electric frequency is reduced to a radio frequency front end, an A/D (analog/digital) converter and a digital processing module to obtain processed digital signals, judging and evaluating the quality of different channels, and determining an optimal channel corresponding to the digital signals.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Application publication date: 20221104 |