CN115295192B - Apparatus and method for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid drive - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid drive Download PDFInfo
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- CN115295192B CN115295192B CN202210797973.7A CN202210797973A CN115295192B CN 115295192 B CN115295192 B CN 115295192B CN 202210797973 A CN202210797973 A CN 202210797973A CN 115295192 B CN115295192 B CN 115295192B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006506 Brasenia schreberi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000267222 Brasenia schreberi Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/02—Details of handling arrangements
- G21C19/10—Lifting devices or pulling devices adapted for co-operation with fuel elements or with control elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/20—Arrangements for introducing objects into the pressure vessel; Arrangements for handling objects within the pressure vessel; Arrangements for removing objects from the pressure vessel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides an apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising: the guide pipe is arranged below the pile top hole channel sealing piece; the in-core target conveying pipe penetrates through the pile top hole sealing piece and stretches into the guide pipe, and a target lifting basket capable of moving up and down is arranged in the in-core target conveying pipe; and one end of the fluid driving device is connected with the in-core target transportation pipe, the other end of the fluid driving device penetrates through the pile top hole sealing piece and stretches into the guide pipe, and the fluid driving device is used for fluid driving the target to enter and exit the in-core target transportation pipe. In addition, the invention provides a method for loading and unloading a target in a heavy water pile by using fluid drive, comprising a loading step, a decay step, a discharge step and a separation step. The apparatus and method of the present invention provide for loading and unloading of targets in a fluid driven manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of loading and unloading targets of heavy water piles, in particular to a device and a method for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles by using fluid driving.
Background
In order to produce radioisotopes in the reactor, the targets are delivered to the high flux region of the core for irradiation by an in-line irradiation device. And after the irradiation is finished, discharging the irradiated target out of the reactor core through the device and transferring the irradiated target to a shielding transport container.
The prior art adopts a method that compressed air is used as driving power, and the target is conveyed to the reactor core from outside the reactor through a conveying pipeline under the forward pushing of the compressed air. After the irradiation is finished, the target is discharged from the reactor core under the reverse pushing of the compressed air.
The head of the reactor core is provided with various reactor core control driving mechanisms, and if the target driving mechanism approaches to the reactor core control driving mechanism and external electromagnetic disturbance with high intensity exists, the action of the target driving mechanism can be caused, so that the target driving mechanism becomes a disadvantageous factor affecting the safe and stable operation of the reactor core.
The loading and unloading speed of the target can disturb the core flux, and the heat generated by the target during core irradiation can disturb the thermal hydraulic performance of the core, so that the quantity, the material and the speed of the target are limited.
When the irradiated target is discharged, the target has a higher radiation dose due to the activation of the target material. In order to reduce the dosage, decay devices are designed outside the core for a period of time, and the devices increase floor loads due to the necessary thick shielding layers and the large weight and volume.
In addition, another isotope handling target is not air-driven, but is directly towed, which has the following drawbacks.
When the target driving mechanism is connected with the target through the connecting piece, such as a steel wire rope, the connecting piece generates high-dose radioactivity after being irradiated for a long time in the reactor core, if the connecting piece is moved out of the reactor core in the process of loading and unloading the target, a shielding device is required to be arranged at the head of the reactor core, the limited space of the head of the reactor core is occupied, and the high anti-seismic requirement of the reactor core is difficult to meet.
The discharged target is required to be sealed in a shielded transport container and then transported. Because of the large weight and volume of the shielded transport containers, handling is often used. And the handling work near the core head can pose a potential threat to the proper operation of other critical sensitive equipment in the area.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks described in the prior art and to provide a device for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drive, which device loads and unloads targets in a fluid driven manner.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a device for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drive that is remote from the core head, which does not interfere electromagnetically with the core control drive mechanism, ensuring safe and stable core operation.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks described in the prior art and to provide a device for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drive, which has a low target loading and unloading speed, has no effect on the operation of the existing control and detection equipment of the head of the core, has little disturbance on the flux and the thermal hydraulic power of the core, and has very low effect on the operation and safety of the core.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks described in the prior art and to provide a device for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drive which allows to expand the target variety or loading.
It is another object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies described in the prior art and to provide a means for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drives that utilizes existing shielding materials of the reactor (e.g., light water, concrete, etc.) to shield the targets so that the short half-life radioactivity is reduced to a sufficient level before moving the targets outside the core.
It is another object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies described in the prior art and to provide a means for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drives that utilizes existing reactor shielding materials (e.g., light water, concrete, etc.) to shield the connectors, does not occupy space at the head of the core, and meets seismic requirements.
It is another object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies described in the prior art and thereby provide a means for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid actuation that places the fluid actuation means away from the core, which is beneficial for reduced personnel handling and equipment maintenance and target out-of-service lifting safety.
It is a further object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies described in the prior art and to provide a method for loading and unloading targets in heavy water stacks using fluid drive which ensures safe and stable operation of the core with minimal impact on core operation and safety.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising: the guide pipe is arranged below the pile top hole channel sealing piece; the in-core target conveying pipe penetrates through the pile top hole sealing piece and stretches into the guide pipe, and a target lifting basket capable of moving up and down is arranged in the in-core target conveying pipe; and one end of the fluid driving device is connected with the in-core target transportation pipe, the other end of the fluid driving device penetrates through the pile top hole sealing piece and stretches into the guide pipe, and the fluid driving device is used for fluid driving the target to enter and exit the in-core target transportation pipe.
As one embodiment, the fluid driving device includes an off-core target transport pipe, a target loading pipe, a first fluid driving device, a reverse driving pipe, and a second fluid driving device, the target loading pipe being connected to the off-core target transport pipe; one end of the out-core target transport pipe is connected with the in-core target transport pipe, and the other end of the out-core target transport pipe is connected with the first fluid driving device; one end of the reverse driving pipe extends into the guide pipe, and the other end of the reverse driving pipe is connected with the second fluid driving device.
As an embodiment, the fluid driving device further includes a constant pressure tank, and the constant pressure tank is connected to the first fluid driving device and the second fluid driving device through a pipeline.
As an implementation manner, the target separation device is arranged on the out-core target transport pipe, and the target separation device is positioned between the target loading pipe and the first fluid driving device.
As an implementation manner, the head of the target loading tube is provided with a loading port, and the loading port is provided with an isolation valve.
As one implementation, the in-core target transport tube extends from the top of the stack through the top-of-stack orifice seal into the interior of the guide tube and near the bottom of the guide tube.
As an implementation mode, a mechanical energy storage device is arranged on the in-core target transportation pipe, and is connected with the target lifting basket through a traction rope and drives the target lifting basket to move up and down.
As one implementation, the off-core target transport pipe is located above the top of the stack, and the back drive pipe and the off-core target transport pipe are arranged on the same route.
As an implementation manner, the out-of-core target transport pipe is horizontally arranged, and the horizontal section of the back drive pipe is closely arranged to the out-of-core target transport pipe.
As an embodiment, the extracore target transport tube and the back drive tube are wrapped together with shielding material or disposed within the same shielding structure.
As an implementation manner, a sliding sealing piece is arranged outside the target lifting basket and used for forming a moving seal with the target conveying pipe in the reactor core.
As an implementation mode, a target limiting basket capable of moving up and down between the target lifting basket and the sealing cover is arranged in the target conveying pipe in the reactor core.
As an implementation mode, the bottom of the target lifting basket is a circular opening, an annular sealing fit surface is arranged at the inner edge of the circular opening, and the chassis of the target limiting basket is matched with the annular sealing fit surface to form surface sealing.
As an implementation mode, the target limiting basket is of a cylindrical structure with a bell mouth and is used for accommodating the target, and the side wall surface of the target limiting basket is hollowed out.
As an implementation manner, the bottom center of the in-core target transport pipe is a grid or an opening.
As an implementation manner, the target is a sealed target, the target is installed inside, and the outside is a metal shell.
A method of loading and unloading a target in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising the steps of:
loading the target into a target loading pipe, starting a first fluid driving device, wherein the target enters a target lifting basket under the pushing of fluid and descends to the bottom of a guide pipe to enter a high flux area of a heavy water reactor core, and simultaneously, a traction rope charges a mechanical energy storage device under the dragging of the target lifting basket;
the decay step, stopping the first fluid driving device after the irradiation of the reactor core of the target is finished, releasing the energy of the mechanical energy storage device, lifting the target to a low flux area at the top of the reactor core, and staying in the low flux area at the top of the reactor core for a certain time to wait for decay of the nuclide with a short half-life;
a discharging step, namely starting a second fluid driving device after the decay process is finished, separating the target from the target lifting basket under the pressure of fluid, pushing the target into the out-core target conveying pipe and entering the target separating device, and stopping the second fluid driving device;
and separating the target from the fluid in the target separating device.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for loading and unloading the target in the heavy water pile by using the fluid drive have the following beneficial effects:
the device provided by the invention comprises the guide pipe, the in-core target transportation pipe and the fluid driving device, and is simple in composition, convenient to operate and convenient for personnel to operate and maintain. The fluid driving device is used for fluid driving the target to enter and exit the target transport pipe in the reactor core, namely, the target is assembled and disassembled in a fluid driving mode. The fluid can also take away the heat generated by the target in irradiation, so the target cladding material has wide selectable range, can be suitable for the production of various isotopes, can greatly improve the quantity of the single-in-reactor irradiation targets, and is favorable for fully utilizing the existing pore canal of the heavy water reactor to develop mass production of the isotopes.
The invention has slower loading and unloading speed of the target, has no influence on the existing control and detection equipment operation of the head of the reactor core, has small disturbance on the flux and the thermal hydraulic power of the reactor core, and has extremely low influence on the operation and safety of the reactor core. The required shielding material is less, and radioactive solid waste is not generated in the operation process. The head space of the reactor core is not occupied basically, and the inlet and outlet of the loading and unloading target can be arranged at a position far away from the reactor core, so that the lifting work risk and the radiation dose of operators due to loading and unloading of the target are greatly reduced.
The invention can realize that the irradiated target is transferred from the high flux position of the active region in the reactor core to the top of the active region for staying, the neutron flux is low, the activation effect is negligible, meanwhile, the region is positioned below the reactor top, the target can be shielded by the existing shielding materials (such as light water, concrete and the like) of the reactor, so that the target is moved outside the reactor core after the radioactivity with short half-life is reduced to a sufficient degree.
Further, the fluid driving device is far away from the head of the reactor core, so that electromagnetic interference on the reactor core control driving mechanism is avoided, and safe and stable operation of the reactor core is ensured.
Further, the present invention utilizes the existing shielding materials (such as light water, concrete, etc.) of the reactor to shield the target, so that the target is moved outside the core after the radioactivity of short half-life period is reduced to a sufficient degree.
Furthermore, the invention utilizes the existing shielding materials (such as light water, concrete and the like) of the reactor to shield the connecting piece, does not occupy the space of the head of the reactor core, and meets the earthquake-resistant requirement.
Furthermore, the fluid driving device is arranged at a position far away from the reactor core, so that the operating dose of personnel and the safety of equipment overhaul and outward transportation and lifting of the target are reduced.
In addition, the present invention provides a method for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive that has all of the advantages described above.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction of an apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a target loading into a target lifting basket provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a target provided in the present invention in a heavy water reactor core high flux region, showing the direction of fluid movement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a target provided in the present invention in a heavy water reactor core low flux region, showing the direction of fluid movement;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the target lifting basket provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the target limiting basket of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a target provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a guide tube; 2. a top stack orifice seal; 3. a target lifting basket; 4. a traction rope; 5. a mechanical energy storage device; 6. a in-core target transport tube; 7. a target limiting basket; 8. an out-of-core target transport tube; 9. a target is arranged in the tube; 10. a first fluid driving device; 11. a second fluid driving device; 12. a constant pressure box; 13. target separation device; 14. a reverse driving tube; 15. a target; 16. a heavy water reactor core high flux region; 17. a heavy water reactor top shielding structure; 18. a heavy water reactor core top low flux region; 19. sealing cover.
Detailed Description
Further details are provided below with reference to the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a device for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water reactor by using fluid driving, which comprises a guide pipe 1, a pile top hole sealing piece 2, a target lifting basket 3, a traction rope 4, a mechanical energy storage device 5, an in-core target transportation pipe 6, a target limiting basket 7 and a fluid driving device, wherein the fluid driving device is used for driving targets 15 to enter and exit the in-core target transportation pipe 6 by fluid. The fluid driving device comprises an out-core target transportation pipe 8, a target loading pipe 9, a first fluid driving device 10, a second fluid driving device 11, a constant pressure tank 12, a target separation device 13 and a reverse driving pipe 14.
One end of the fluid driving device is a pipe orifice, namely a pipe orifice of the out-core target transport pipe 8; the other end is also the orifice, i.e. the orifice of the reversing drive tube 14. One end of the fluid driving device (the nozzle of the out-of-core target transport pipe 8) is connected to the in-core target transport pipe 6, and the other end (the nozzle of the reverse driving pipe 14) extends into the guide pipe 1 through the stack top orifice seal 2.
The target 15 is, for example, a sealed target, a built-in target, and a metal casing outside. The target 15 has smooth planar surfaces at both ends and fluid-acting stress surfaces at the end surfaces.
The guide tube 1 is inserted into the core from a viewing hole at the top of the heavy water stack (i.e., the top of the stack). The guide tube 1 is closed at the bottom and forms an airtight boundary with the stack top orifice seal 2 of the stack top, forming part of the pressure-bearing boundary of the reactor calandria. The in-core target transport pipe 6 extends from the top of the stack to the inside of the top guide pipe 1, and the main body is constructed as a single long pipe with an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the target lifting basket 3 so that the target lifting basket 3 can move up and down in the in-core target transport pipe 6. The top stack orifice seal 2 is a calandria top stack orifice seal structure, and the top stack orifice seal 2 is positioned in a heavy water stack top shield structure 17.
The bottom of the in-core target transport tube 6 is near the bottom of the guide tube 1. The bottom of the guide pipe 1 can be the bottom of the reactor core, or can be a high flux position of the reactor core, and the position of the circle center horizontal line depends on the design of the guide pipe. As an embodiment, the bottommost end of the in-core target transport tube 6 should be at the high core flux for maximum irradiation effect. The heavy water reactor core high flux zone 16 is inside the core of the calandria, near the center of the circle. The heavy water reactor core top low flux zone 18 is around the calandria, outside the light water shield.
As shown in fig. 5, the bottom circular opening of the target lifting basket 3 is provided with an annular sealing engagement surface at the inner edge. The outside of the target lifting basket 3 is provided with a sliding sealing piece. When the target lifting basket 3 moves/slides down, the sliding seal on the outside thereof forms a mobile seal with the in-core target transport tube 6. The movable seal is used for reducing friction between the movable seal and the movable seal; and reducing the fluid bypass to increase the upward thrust of the fluid on the bottom of the target basket as the in-core target transport tube 6 flows from below upward. The bottom center of the in-core target transport pipe 6 is a grid or an opening which is in fluid communication with the guide pipe 1. The location of the grid or openings should be at the high flux of the core (heavy water reactor core high flux zone 16), which is also added to ensure the optimal irradiation position of the target lifting basket 3 in the vertical direction of the core.
The target lifting basket 3 is connected with a mechanical energy storage device 5 at the top of the pile through a traction rope 4. The mechanical energy storage device 5 can drive the target lifting basket 3 to move up and down through the traction rope 4. The mechanical energy storage device 5 is constituted by a mechanical energy storage element, a winch, or the like. The traction rope 4 is, for example, a steel wire rope, and may be made of other materials, such as titanium wires, etc.
The out-of-core target transport tubes 8 have arcuate guide webs between the in-core target transport tubes 6 to facilitate the change of direction of movement of the targets.
As shown in fig. 6, the target limiting basket 7 is cylindrical with a flare guide for accommodating the target 15. The chassis of the target limiting basket 7 is matched with the annular sealing fit surface of the target lifting basket 3 to form surface sealing. Other parts of the target limiting basket 7 except the chassis are hollowed out, such as side wall surfaces. The target limiting basket 7 can move freely between the upper part of the target lifting basket 3 and the sealing cover 19. In theory the target limiting basket 7 can be raised to the guiding wire position under the sealing cover 19.
After the new target is loaded into the target lifting basket 3, the new target slowly falls into the reactor core under the combined action of downward pressure of fluid (and the weight of the target) and upward tension of the traction rope 4, because the upward tension is continuously increased under the action of elastic deformation of the mechanical energy accumulator 5, the speed of the target is gradually slowed down in the descending process until the new target stays at a certain position, and the disturbance to the reactor core is reduced. During the irradiation of the target, the target position is maintained by the balance of the fluid pressure at the upper part of the target transportation pipe 6 in the reactor core, the self gravity of the target 15 and the like and the upward tension of the hauling rope 4, and the target stay position can be positioned in the optimal flux area by adjusting the magnitude of one of the forces.
By reducing the downward pressure of the fluid after irradiation of the target 15, the target lifting basket 3 is lifted to the upper light water area (the low flux area 18 at the top of the heavy water reactor core) of the reactor core under the upward pulling force of the pulling rope 4, decays at the light water area, and reduces the dosage caused by the short half-life nuclide, thereby being beneficial to radiation shielding. In addition, because the hauling rope 4 is required to overcome the gravity and the fluid resistance of the target, the target limiting basket 7 and the target lifting basket 3, and after the hauling rope 4 moves upwards and is rolled up by the winch in the mechanical energy accumulator 5, the elastic deformation of the mechanical energy accumulator 5 is continuously released, and the upward tension of the hauling rope 4 is continuously reduced. The upward speeds of the hauling rope 4, the target 15, the target limiting basket 7 and the target lifting basket 3 are gradually reduced.
The invention has slower speed of loading and unloading the target 15, has no influence on the existing control and detection equipment operation of the head of the reactor core, has small disturbance on the flux of the reactor core and the thermal hydraulic disturbance of the reactor core, and has extremely low influence on the operation and safety of the reactor core.
During irradiation of the target 15, fluid always flows through the target 15, so that heat exchange of the target 15 is facilitated, the thermal hydraulic influence of the reactor core is reduced, and the type or the loading amount of the target can be enlarged under the same reactor core condition. In addition, a fluid heat exchanger can be disposed in the fluid circuit to carry heat generated during irradiation of the target 15 out of the core through the fluid. The fluid heat exchanger is preferably disposed at a location remote from the core and does not occupy core head space.
The out-of-core target transport pipe 8 has one end connected to the in-core target transport pipe 6 and the other end connected to the first fluid driving device 10. The out-of-core target transport tubes 8 are disposed at the top of the stack, preferably horizontally. The outer target transportation pipe 8 of reactor core extends towards the outside of the reactor roof so that the first fluid driving device 10 connected with the outer target transportation pipe is far away from the reactor roof, electromagnetic interference can not be carried out on a reactor core control driving mechanism, safe and stable operation of the reactor core is ensured, and the reduction of personnel operation dosage and equipment overhaul and the outer target transportation hoisting safety are facilitated.
In order to further reduce the irradiation to surrounding equipment, a certain shielding can be designed for the out-of-core target transportation pipe 8, and the use amount and the installation of shielding materials are reduced due to the small pipe diameter of the out-of-core target transportation pipe 8. The diameter of the out-of-core target transport tube 8 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the target 15, and the outer diameter of the target 15 is typically no more than 20mm.
The core outer target transportation pipe 8 is provided with an isolation valve, which mainly plays a role in overhauling and isolating. The out-core target transport pipe 8 is connected with a target loading pipe 9, and the target loading pipe 9 loads the target 15 into the channel. The head of the target loading tube 9 is provided with a loading port, and the loading port is provided with an isolating valve which mainly aims at isolating fluid from outside air. As an embodiment, the target loading tubes 9 are arranged vertically, perpendicular to the off-core target transport tubes 8, and away from the core. As another embodiment, the arrangement mode can be slightly angled, the in-core target transport pipe 6 is vertically arranged, and the out-core target transport pipe 8 can have a certain gradient. Among them, fig. 4 shows a connection structure shape of the connection site of the target loading tube 9 and the out-core target transport tube 8.
The out-of-core target transport pipe 8 is provided with a target separation device 13 on the piping between the target loading pipe 9 and the first fluid driving device 10. The decayed target 15 is separated from the target limiting basket 7 under the upward pressure of the fluid and enters the out-core target conveying pipe 8, and finally is pushed to the target separating device 13, so that the dosage rate of the out-core area is greatly reduced. An isolation valve is arranged between the target separation device 13 and the first fluid driving device 10, and the target separation device 13 needs to be isolated back and forth to finally take out the dried target 15 therefrom. The first fluid driving device 10 is connected with the constant pressure tank 12 through a pipeline, and an isolation valve is arranged between the first fluid driving device 10 and the constant pressure tank 12. The constant pressure tank 12 (constant pressure expansion tank) serves two functions, stabilizing the maximum pressure of the entire fluid line, absorbing changes in the expansion cooling volume of the fluid.
One end of the reverse drive tube 14 passes through the stack top orifice seal 2 into the interior of the guide tube 1. The length of the back drive tube 14 into the interior of the guide tube 1 is determined according to practical use, for example, as shown in fig. 1, the orifice of the back drive tube 14 into the interior of the guide tube 1 is closer to the stack top orifice seal 2 and further from the bottom of the guide tube 1. The other end of the reverse driving tube 14 is connected with the second fluid driving device 11, and an isolation valve is arranged between the reverse driving tube 14 and the second fluid driving device 11 and is close to the second fluid driving device 11 for isolating the second fluid driving device 11 during maintenance. The second fluid driving device 11 is connected with the constant pressure tank 12 through a pipeline.
Preferably, the fixed off-core target transport tubes 8 and the counter-drive tubes 14 can be arranged on the same route, turning according to site space conditions, facilitating system layout and reducing shielding design. The horizontal section of the back drive tube 14 is disposed adjacent to or in close proximity to the out-of-core target transport tube 8. The out-of-core target transport tube 8 and the counter drive tube 14 are encased together with shielding material or are disposed within the same shielding structure. The reverse driving tube 14 may have a small dosage according to different fluids used, the required shielding thickness of the reverse driving tube 14 is small, and the reverse driving tube 14 and the out-of-core target transportation tube 8 are arranged together, so that the radiation reducing effect of the shielding material of the reverse driving tube 14 can be fully utilized.
The whole device has enough tightness, the tightness is used for avoiding the diffusion of fluid, the fluid can be recycled, and in addition, the risk to the head of the reactor core is not increased. If the fluid is heavy water, leakage is not a risk to the interior of the core and can burden other systems (e.g., heavy steam recovery systems) to the exterior.
In addition, the present invention provides a method of loading and unloading a target in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising a loading step, a dwell (decay) step, a discharge step, and a separation step.
Loading step (new target loading operation): as shown in fig. 2 and 3, when a new target needs to be loaded into the core, a loading port at the head of the target loading tube 9 is opened, for example, the targets 15 are sequentially loaded into the target loading tube 9 by manual operation, the targets are manually loaded into a horizontal pipeline, and after loading, a valve at the loading port is closed. The first fluid driving device 10 is started to establish the fluid direction as shown in fig. 3, the targets 15 enter the reactor core through the out-core target transport pipe 8 and fall into the target limiting basket 7, and fall into the target lifting basket 3 together with the target limiting basket 7, and finally fall to the bottom of the guide pipe 1 under the pushing of the fluid. Meanwhile, the hauling rope 4 charges the mechanical energy storage device 5 under the dragging of the target lifting basket 3.
Dwell (decay) step (target decay operation after irradiation): when the target 15 is irradiated at the core, the first fluid driving device 10 is stopped, the energy of the mechanical energy storage device 5 is released, the target lifting basket 3, the target limiting basket 7 and the target 15 therein are lifted to a low flux area 18 at the top of the heavy water reactor core together through the hauling rope 4, and the target lifting basket, the target limiting basket and the target limiting basket stay at the position for a certain time (such as 8 hours) to wait for decay of the short half-life nuclide. The target 15 may be shielded here by means of the reactor's existing shielding material.
Discharge step (target recovery operation after irradiation): after the decay process is finished, the second fluid driving device 11 is started to establish the fluid direction as shown in fig. 4, under the action of the pressure of the fluid, the pressure of the fluid in the reverse driving tube 14 is transmitted upwards through the bottom of the target transportation tube 6 in the reactor core, the fluid acts on the bottom of the target lifting basket 3 to push the target lifting basket to lift together with objects in the basket, the sealing surface at the bottom of the target lifting basket 3 is separated under pressure, and the target limiting basket 7 is separated from the target lifting basket 3 and lifted. The targets 15 are pushed up (separated up) from the target limiting basket 7 into the upper ends of the in-core target transport tubes 6 (i.e., the highest positions of the in-core target transport tubes 6) by the fluid, and then the targets 15 are pushed into the out-core target transport tubes 8 and enter the target separation device 13 through the out-core target transport tubes 8.
Separation step (target recovery operation after irradiation): the target 15 is separated from the fluid by the target separation device 13. The fluid drive device 11 may be deactivated after the target has entered the target separation device 13.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (16)
1. An apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising:
the guide pipe (1) is arranged below the pile top hole channel sealing piece (2);
the in-core target conveying pipe (6) penetrates through the pile top hole channel sealing piece (2) to extend into the guide pipe (1), and a target lifting basket (3) capable of moving up and down is arranged in the in-core target conveying pipe (6); and
one end of the fluid driving device is connected with the in-core target transportation pipe (6), the other end of the fluid driving device penetrates through the pile top hole channel sealing piece (2) to extend into the guide pipe (1), and the fluid driving device is used for fluid driving a target (15) to enter and exit the in-core target transportation pipe (6);
the fluid driving device comprises an out-core target transportation pipe (8), a target loading pipe (9), a first fluid driving device (10), a reverse driving pipe (14) and a second fluid driving device (11), wherein the target loading pipe (9) is connected to the out-core target transportation pipe (8); one end of the out-core target transport pipe (8) is connected with the in-core target transport pipe (6), and the other end is connected with the first fluid driving device (10); one end of the reverse driving pipe (14) extends into the guide pipe (1), and the other end of the reverse driving pipe is connected with the second fluid driving device (11).
2. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid drive apparatus further comprises a constant pressure tank (12), the constant pressure tank (12) connecting the first fluid drive apparatus (10) and the second fluid drive apparatus (11) by a pipeline.
3. The device for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the off-core target transport pipe (8) is provided with a target separation device (13), the target separation device (13) being located between the target loading pipe (9) and the first fluid drive device (10).
4. Device for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid drive according to claim 1, characterised in that the head of the target loading tube (9) is provided with a loading port on which an isolation valve is provided.
5. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water reactor using fluid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the in-core target transport pipe (6) extends from the top of the reactor through the top of the reactor orifice seal (2) into the interior of the guide pipe (1) and near the bottom of the guide pipe (1).
6. The device for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water reactor by using fluid driving according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical energy storage device (5) is arranged on the in-core target transportation pipe (6), and the mechanical energy storage device (5) is connected with the target lifting basket (3) through a traction rope (4) and drives the target lifting basket (3) to move up and down.
7. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to claim 6, characterized in that the off-core target transport pipe (8) is located above the pile top, the back drive pipe (14) is arranged on the same route as the off-core target transport pipe (8).
8. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the off-core target transport pipe (8) is arranged horizontally, and the horizontal section of the back drive pipe (14) is arranged closely to the off-core target transport pipe (8).
9. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile using fluid drive according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the out-of-core target transport tube (8) and the back drive tube (14) are wrapped together with shielding material or are arranged within the same shielding structure.
10. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid drive according to claim 1, wherein the outside of the target lifting basket (3) is provided with a sliding seal for forming a moving seal with the in-core target transport pipe (6).
11. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid driving according to claim 1, wherein the in-core target transport pipe (6) is provided with a target limiting basket (7) capable of moving up and down between the target lifting basket (3) and the sealing cover (19).
12. The device for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile by using fluid drive according to claim 11, characterized in that the bottom of the target lifting basket (3) is a circular opening, the inner edge of the circular opening is provided with an annular sealing engagement surface, and the chassis of the target limiting basket (7) is matched with the annular sealing engagement surface to form a surface seal.
13. The device for loading and unloading targets in a heavy water pile by using fluid driving according to claim 12, wherein the target limiting basket (7) is of a cylindrical structure with a bell mouth and is used for accommodating the targets (15), and the side wall surface of the target limiting basket (7) is hollowed out.
14. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid drive according to claim 1, wherein the bottom center of the in-core target transport pipe (6) is a grid or an aperture.
15. The apparatus for loading and unloading targets in heavy water piles using fluid driving according to claim 1, wherein the targets (15) are sealed targets, built-in targets, and outer metal shells.
16. A method of loading and unloading a target in a heavy water pile using fluid drive, comprising the steps of:
loading the target (15) into a target loading pipe (9), starting a first fluid driving device (10), wherein the target (15) enters a target lifting basket (3) under the pushing of fluid and descends to the bottom of a guide pipe (1) to enter a heavy water reactor core high flux area (16), and simultaneously, a traction rope (4) charges a mechanical energy storage device (5) under the dragging of the target lifting basket (3);
a decay step of stopping the first fluid driving device (10) after the target (15) is irradiated to the reactor core, releasing the energy of the mechanical energy storage device (5), lifting the target (15) to a low flux area (18) at the top of the reactor core, and staying in the low flux area (18) at the top of the reactor core for a certain time to wait for decay of the nuclide with short half-life;
a discharging step, namely starting a second fluid driving device (11) after the decay process is finished, separating the target (15) from the target lifting basket (3) under the pressure of fluid, pushing the target (15) into an out-core target conveying pipe (8) and entering a target separating device (13), and stopping the second fluid driving device (11);
and separating the target (15) from the fluid in the target separating device (13).
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