CN115293643A - Method and system for calculating carbon dioxide emission factor of iron and steel enterprise - Google Patents
Method and system for calculating carbon dioxide emission factor of iron and steel enterprise Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
A method and a system for calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor of a steel enterprise solve the problems that the default emission factor adopted in the industry at present lacks individual pertinence, the checking result has larger deviation, and the normalization of the management process is poor. The calculating method and the system calculate the carbon dioxide emission factors by sampling and testing the physical property parameters of the carbon-containing substances, classify all the emission factors, store the classification results in corresponding storage areas respectively, retrieve, modify, delete and add each emission factor, record the actual measurement calculation mode of maintaining and changing records by a system background to obtain the carbon dioxide emission factors of each carbon-containing substance, and perform unified and standard management on the carbon dioxide emission factors by using the system; a carbon dioxide emission factor library and a management system which accord with the actual production condition of the iron and steel enterprise are established, which are beneficial to analyzing the carbon emission structure of the iron and steel enterprise, providing data support for the calculation of carbon emission and the determination of carbon quota, and providing direction guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon emission management, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor of an iron and steel enterprise, which can establish a carbon dioxide emission factor library conforming to the actual production condition of the iron and steel enterprise, are beneficial to analyzing the carbon emission structure of the iron and steel enterprise, provide data support for accounting of carbon emission and determining of carbon quota, and can effectively provide directive guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Background
The carbon emission in the steel industry of China accounts for about 15% of the total amount of the whole country, is the first carbon emission family in the manufacturing industry, is second only in the power industry, and is responsible for no other credit in the aspect of promoting the double-carbon target. Driven by national policies and target implementation processes, the steel industry is necessary to scientifically carry out carbon dioxide emission reduction work, and steel enterprises with certain scales develop and plan according to self development and external market demands, and make corresponding double-carbon target implementation paths and processes. It was found by practical summary that the premise for achieving "carbon neutralization" was to achieve the "carbon peak" goal first, and the achievement of the "carbon peak" goal was based on an accurate carbon check. In addition, with the gradual improvement of the carbon trading system, the steel industry will gradually start to implement carbon emission right trading, and the accuracy of carbon check has an important influence on the auditing of carbon emission and the determination of emission quota.
The carbon dioxide emission factor of the carbonaceous material refers to the amount of carbon dioxide released by the complete combustion of a unit material, and the type of the material is mainly related to the production process of steel enterprises. As one of the key parameters for accounting for carbon emissions, the carbon dioxide emission factor plays a significant role in the overall accounting process. However, most of the emission factors adopted in the industry at present are default values, and individual pertinence is lacked, so that an immeasurable deviation is generated between the checking result and the actual emission. In addition, the existing enterprises basically adopt a manual mode to manage the emission factors, and can only maintain the emission factors one by one and manually when the emission factors need to be updated, so that time and labor are wasted, and the management process is not standard enough. Therefore, there is a need to improve the existing carbon dioxide emission factor accounting and management method of the steel enterprise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems, and provides a method and a system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise, which can establish a carbon dioxide emission factor library conforming to the actual production condition of the iron and steel enterprise, is helpful for analyzing the carbon emission structure of the iron and steel enterprise, provides data support for the calculation of carbon emission and the determination of carbon quota, and can effectively provide direction guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction work.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise comprise the following steps:
sampling and testing physical parameters of the carbonaceous material;
step two, calculating carbon dioxide emission factors, and assigning a latest calculation date and a fixed number to each emission factor;
classifying all emission factors to obtain classification results of different application angles;
step four, storing the classification results in corresponding storage areas respectively;
step five, establishing a carbon emission factor management system;
and step six, maintenance and management of the carbon dioxide emission factor.
Calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor related to the fossil fuel combustion process;
for fuels that produce direct emissions, the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated as shown in equation (1):
in the formula: c d -carbon content on dry basis, tC/t;
alpha-carbon oxidation rate,%;
it can be seen that the two main parameters involved in this formula are carbon content and carbon oxidation rate on a dry basis; wherein, the carbon content can be obtained by two modes of element analysis and industrial analysis.
Further, in the calculation of the carbon dioxide emission factor involved in the fossil fuel combustion process, for the gaseous fuel, it is necessary to determine the gas components, and then calculate the carbon content according to the volume fraction of each component and the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the component, as shown in formula (2):
in the formula: c-carbon content, tC/10 4 Nm 3 ；
CN n -the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of gas component n;
the other parameter "carbon oxidation rate" means that carbon in the fuel is oxidized into CO in the combustion process 2 Of available post-combustion CO 2 Is calculated from the amount of (c) and the amount of all carbon containing gases.
Further, the carbon emission factor is calculated by using the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate, wherein the carbon content can also be calculated by using the lower calorific value and the carbon content per unit calorific value:
C＝NCV×CC (3)
in the formula: NCV-lower calorific value, GJ/10 4 Nm 3 ；
CC-carbon content per calorific value, tC/GJ.
Calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor related to the raw materials in the production process;
the carbonaceous materials used in the production process of iron and steel enterprises mainly comprise iron ore raw materials, a flux and electrodes; the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate of the three materials can be tested firstly, and then the carbon emission factor is calculated by using the formula (1); the main testing principle is that the material is heated and burned in an oxygen furnace, generated carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is collected, and then the corresponding carbon content is obtained through analysis and calculation;
in addition, for dolomite and limestone flux, the main carbon-containing chemical components can be tested firstly, and CO is in the molecular formula of the chemical components 3 2- Is calculated to obtain the corresponding carbon dioxide emission factor, as shown in equation (4):
in the formula: n-molecular formula molar mass of the carbon-containing chemical component;
m-middle CO of molecular formula 3 2- The number of the cells.
Furthermore, for the dolomite and limestone flux, a mode of directly testing the carbon dioxide content of the flux can be adopted, and the main testing process is as follows: firstly, decomposing a sample by using acid, absorbing carbon dioxide generated by decomposition by using an alkaline substance, measuring the weight gain of the sample, and further calculating the mass of the carbon dioxide; and then, calculating the content of carbon dioxide of the flux in unit mass, namely the carbon dioxide emission factor of the flux.
Calculating carbon dioxide emission factors related to electricity and heat;
(1) the electric power related emission factors are different according to regions where enterprises are located, and the power grid boundary is uniformly divided into regions of northeast, north China, east China, northwest and south China according to the current distribution situation of regional power grids in China; obtaining an average carbon dioxide emission factor of a regional power grid according to the total net power generation amount, the fuel type and the total fuel consumption of all power plants in the regional power system, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: EF grid,i Average CO of regional grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
Em grid,i CO produced by electricity generation in the geographical area covered by the regional network i 2 Direct emission of tCO 2 ；
EF grid,j Average CO of local grid j for net delivery of electricity to local grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,j,i The electric quantity, MWh, sent out from the regional power grid j to the regional power grid i is net;
EF k -k national power generation level average CO of net export electric quantity to regional power grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,k,i K country to regional grid i net export electric quantity, MWh;
E grid,i the total annual power generation within the geographical range covered by the regional power grid i, namely the MWh;
i-one of the northeast, northwest, east, center, northwest and south regional power grids;
j-other regional grids that net send out electrical quantities to the regional grid i;
k-other countries that net export electricity to regional grid i;
(2) the carbon dioxide emission factor corresponding to the heat is calculated according to the total heat production, the type of fuel consumed and the total fuel consumption, as shown in formula (6):
in the formula: EF heat -CO of thermodynamic relevance 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 /TJ；
FC x,y Consumption of heating System Fuel x in year y, 10 4 t or 10 8 m 3 ；
EF CO2,x,energy CO of Fuel x in the energy industry 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 T or tCO 2 /10 4 m 3 ；
HG y ——Heat supply of heat supply system in the y year 10 13 J。
Step three and step four, after the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated and updated, the carbon dioxide emission factors are classified in multiple angles, then the carbon dioxide emission factors are stored in different areas in the established carbon emission factor database, and a unique name is set for each storage area; according to the classification method of the emission sources, the emission factors involved in the production of the iron and steel enterprises are divided into: the method comprises five steps of fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon fixation product GT, electric power DL and heating power RL.
Further, the classification method of the carbon dioxide emission factor mainly comprises the following classes:
the first type: storing the factors in the same area according to the updating time of each factor, wherein the area I does not distinguish the types and the numbers;
the second type: simply, 5 types of emission factors can be stored in the same region, namely the region I according to the classification sequence and the corresponding numbering sequence;
the third type: depending on the manner in which carbon dioxide emissions are generated, emission factors can be divided into two broad categories relating to direct emissions and indirect emissions; wherein the factors related to direct emissions include fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon sequestration product GT, stored to zone one; factors related to indirect emissions, including power DL, heat RL, are stored to zone two;
the fourth type: storing 5 types of emission factors in 5 different areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III, an area IV and an area V; the factors within each region are arranged in a numbered order.
The carbon emission factor management system for maintaining and managing the carbon emission factor database comprises an acquisition module, a calculation module, a storage module, a management module and a background database; the acquisition module collects physical parameters of the carbon emission factors, and then the calculation module is used for calculating to obtain corresponding emission factors; storing the calculated emission factors into a specific area through a storage module according to a set classification mode; and, when necessary, each emission factor is subjected to maintenance management by using the management module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise, physical property parameters of carbon-containing substances are sampled and tested, the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated, the latest calculation date and the fixed serial number are assigned to each emission factor, all the emission factors are classified to obtain classification results of different application angles, the classification results are stored in corresponding storage areas respectively, each emission factor is searched, modified, deleted and added, a system background records an actual measurement calculation mode of maintaining and changing records to obtain the carbon dioxide emission factor of each carbon-containing substance, and the system is used for carrying out unified and standard management on the carbon dioxide emission factor. Therefore, a carbon dioxide emission factor library and a management system which accord with the actual production condition of the iron and steel enterprise are established, the analysis of the carbon emission structure of the iron and steel enterprise is facilitated, data support is provided for the accounting of carbon emission and the determination of carbon quota, and directional guidance can be effectively provided for energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main parameters of various carbon dioxide emission factors of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (one) of the classification storage structure of the carbon dioxide emission factor library of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (two) of the classified storage structure of the carbon dioxide emission factor library according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram (III) of the classification storage structure of the carbon dioxide emission factor library according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram (IV) of the classification storage structure of the carbon dioxide emission factor library according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide emission factor management system according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a system architecture of the carbon dioxide emission factor management system of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a technical architecture of the carbon dioxide emission factor management system of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic interface diagram of a new emission factor of the carbon dioxide emission factor management system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an operation interface diagram of the carbon dioxide emission factor management system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to establish an enterprise-specific carbon emission factor library and more accurately account the emission, the invention provides a method and a system for calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor. According to the method, relevant physical property parameters of various carbonaceous substances are measured, corresponding emission factors are calculated, the emission factors are classified at multiple angles and then are stored respectively, and unified and standardized maintenance and management in a system are facilitated.
The specific steps of the present invention are explained in detail. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise comprise the following steps:
step one, sampling and testing physical parameters of the carbonaceous material.
According to the characteristics of the substances, sampling and testing physical parameters participating in emission factor calculation, wherein the physical parameters mainly comprise carbon content and carbon oxidation rate. For materials whose carbon content cannot be directly measured, the carbon-containing chemical composition of the material may also be tested first.
And step two, calculating the carbon dioxide emission factors, and assigning the latest calculation date and the fixed number to each emission factor.
At present, the emission factors adopted in the carbon emission calculation of most iron and steel enterprises are default values, and the method adopts an actual measurement mode to calculate various emission factors involved in production. The accounting range of the carbon emission of the iron and steel enterprises needs to meet the requirements of GB/T32151.5-2015 iron and steel manufacturing enterprises for accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emission requirements, namely: and (4) accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emission generated by the production system of the enterprise legal system by taking an independent accounting unit of the enterprise legal system or the legal system as a boundary. The production system comprises a main production system, an auxiliary production system and an auxiliary production system which directly serves for production. The emission categories of the accounting and the reporting mainly comprise fuel combustion, industrial production processes, emission corresponding to electric power and heat purchased by enterprises, emission implicit in carbon fixation products and emission corresponding to output electric power and heat. Therefore, the emission factors of the carbonaceous materials involved in the different emission classes need to be calculated separately.
In addition, some carbonaceous materials, both as fuel to release carbon dioxide upon combustion and as a carbon-fixing product to be circulated to the next process, such as coke oven gas and coke; therefore, the calculation process needs to fully consider the roles of various substances in the calculation process so as to determine the calculation method and the physical properties to be tested.
1. Calculation of carbon dioxide emission factor involved in fossil fuel combustion process
(1) For fuels producing direct emissions, such as coal, the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated as shown in equation (1):
in the formula: c d -carbon content on dry basis, tC/t;
alpha-carbon oxidation rate,%;
It can be seen that the two main parameters involved in this formula are carbon content and carbon oxidation rate on a dry basis; wherein, the carbon content can be obtained by adopting two modes of elemental analysis and industrial analysis. The relevant test standards of the element analysis method are GB/T31391, GB/T476 and the like. If the measured carbon content is below other standards (e.g., the basis is received), a second conversion is required. The carbon content obtained by the industrial analysis (test standard GB/T212, etc.) is on an as-received basis and on an air-dried basis, i.e. a fixed carbon content containing ash and volatiles, and needs to be converted twice. The method in China is firstly converted into the dry ashless base condition and then converted into the dry base. The international iron and steel association calculates the ash content and volatile content on a dry basis, and then calculates the carbon content.
(2) For gas fuels such as natural gas, it is necessary to measure the gas components and then calculate the carbon content based on the volume fraction of each component and the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the component, as shown in equation (2). The gas components were tested on a representative gas sample and a standard gas mixture (standard gas) of known composition, and were separated under the same operating conditions. Then, comparing the corresponding components of the two, and calculating the corresponding composition of the gas sample by using the composition data of the standard gas; the conversion can be carried out between different unit quantities, and the test method is mainly based on GB/T13610, GB/T40870 and the like.
In the formula: c-carbon content, tC/10 4 Nm 3 ；
CNn-the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of gas component n.
The other parameter "carbon oxidation rate" means that carbon in the fuel is oxidized into CO in the combustion process 2 Can use post-combustion CO 2 Calculated from the amount of (c) and the amount of all carbon-containing gases.
Furthermore, the above steps are to calculate the carbon emission factor by using the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate, wherein the carbon content can also be calculated by the lower calorific value and the carbon content per unit calorific value:
C＝NCV×CC (3)
in the formula: NCV-lower calorific value, GJ/10 4 Nm 3 (ii) a The test method is mainly based on GB/T213, GB/T22723, GB/T384, GB/T11062 and the like; the test methods for different fuels are different, but the definition of this parameter is consistent;
CC-carbon content per calorific value, tC/GJ; the relevant default values are used.
2. Calculation of carbon dioxide emission factor involved in production process feedstock
The carbonaceous materials used in the production process of iron and steel enterprises mainly comprise iron ore raw materials, a flux and electrodes; the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate of the three materials can be tested firstly, and then the carbon emission factor can be calculated by using the formula (1). The test method of the carbon content is mainly based on GB/T223.69, GB/T223.86, GB/T4699.4, GB/T4333.10, GB/T7731.10, GB/T8704.1, YB/T5339, YB/T5340 and the like. The main testing principle is that the material is heated and burned in an oxygen furnace, generated carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is collected, and then the corresponding carbon content is obtained through analysis and calculation.
In addition, for fluxes such as dolomite, limestone and the like, the main carbon-containing chemical components can be tested firstly, and CO is in the molecular formula of the chemical components 3 2- The corresponding carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated, as shown in formula (4):
in the formula: n-molecular formula molar mass of carbon-containing chemical component;
m-middle CO of molecular formula 3 2- The number of the cells.
Or, a mode of directly testing the carbon dioxide content of the flux can be adopted, and the testing method is according to GB/T3286.1, GB/T3286.9 and the like. The main test process is as follows: decomposing a sample by using acid, absorbing carbon dioxide generated by decomposition by using an alkaline substance, measuring the weight gain of the sample, and calculating the mass of the carbon dioxide; and then, calculating the carbon dioxide content of the flux per unit mass, namely the carbon dioxide emission factor of the flux.
3. Calculation of carbon dioxide emission factor related to carbon fixation product
The carbon fixation products of the steel enterprises are mainly various carbon-containing substances, and the calculation method is shown in the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (4). The formula is general, and the carbon-fixing product is a substance similar to the raw material (carbon-containing material) in the production process in the step 2, but the specific types are slightly different, and the standards for the test parameters are different.
4. Calculation of carbon dioxide emission factor involved in electricity and heat
(1) The power related emission factors are different according to the regions of enterprises, and the power grid boundary is uniformly divided into northeast, east, china, northwest and south regions according to the current distribution situation of regional power grids in China. Obtaining an average carbon dioxide emission factor of a regional power grid according to the total net power generation amount, the fuel type and the total fuel consumption of all power plants in the regional power system, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: EF grid,i Average CO of regional grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
Em grid,i CO produced by electricity generation in the geographical area covered by the regional network i 2 Direct discharge of tCO 2 ；
EF grid,j Average CO of local grid j for net delivery of electricity to local grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,j,i The electric quantity, MWh, sent out from the regional power grid j to the regional power grid i is net;
EF k -k national power level average CO of net export electric quantity to regional power grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,k,i K country to regional grid i net export electric quantity, MWh;
E grid,i -the annual total power generation, MWh, within the geographical range covered by the regional grid i;
i-one of the northeast, northwest, east, center, northwest and south regional power grids;
j-other regional grids that net send out electricity to the regional grid i;
k-other countries that net export electricity to regional grid i.
(2) The carbon dioxide emission factor corresponding to the heat is calculated according to the total heat production, the type of consumed fuel and the total fuel consumption, and is shown in a formula (6); the current default value is 0.11tCO 2 /GJ。
In the formula: EF heat -CO of thermodynamic relevance 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 /TJ；
FC x,y -consumption of heating system fuel x in year y, 10 4 t or 10 8 m 3 ；
EF CO2,x,energy CO of Fuel x in the energy industry 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 T or tCO 2 /10 4 m 3 ；
HG y Heating load of heating system in year y, 10 13 J。
When all the calculation results and the default values are updated, the updating time of each emission factor needs to be recorded. If some carbonaceous materials do not have the standard testing methods for their physical properties or are not capable of being tested by the enterprise, default values may also be used.
And step three, classifying all emission factors to obtain classification results of different application angles.
And after the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated and updated, classifying the carbon dioxide emission factors in multiple angles, storing the carbon dioxide emission factors into different areas in the established carbon emission factor database, and setting a unique name for each storage area. According to the classification method of the emission sources, the emission factors involved in the production of the iron and steel enterprises are divided into: the method comprises five steps of fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon fixation product GT, electric power DL and heating power RL.
And step four, storing the classification results in corresponding storage areas respectively.
The classification method of the carbon dioxide emission factor mainly comprises the following classes:
the first type: they are stored in the same area, area one, without distinguishing the category and number according to the update time of each factor, as shown in fig. 3.
The second type: simply, the class 5 emission factors may be stored in the same region, region one, as shown in fig. 4, in the sort order and the corresponding numbering order.
In the third category: emission factors can be classified into two broad categories relating to direct emission and indirect emission, depending on the manner in which carbon dioxide emissions are generated; wherein factors related to direct emissions including fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon sequestration product GT, are stored to zone one; factors related to indirect emissions include power DL, thermal RL, stored to zone two as shown in FIG. 5.
The fourth type: storing 5 types of emission factors in 5 different areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III, an area IV and an area V; the factors within each region are arranged in a numbered order as shown in fig. 6.
And step five, establishing a carbon emission factor management system.
The carbon emission factor management system established in the invention mainly has the functions of maintaining and managing a carbon emission factor database; as shown in fig. 7, the structure includes an acquisition module, a calculation module, a storage module, a management module, and a background database. The acquisition module is mainly used for collecting physical property parameters (or the latest value of a default value) of the carbon emission factor and then calculating by using the calculation module to obtain a corresponding emission factor; storing the calculated emission factors into a specific area through a storage module according to a set classification mode; and, when necessary, each emission factor is subjected to maintenance management by using the management module.
The system architecture design is the basis for the system design. By analysis, the carbon emission factor management system server developed by the method comprises 6 aspects: data acquisition server, data staging server, data processing and statistics server, database server, application interface server, user interface server (as shown in fig. 8). On one hand, the data is recorded into a cache of the system in a manual statistical input mode, and is stored in a database of the system after data processing and statistics. The user is connected to the application interface server through interface operation, and the server returns data for the user to check after processing.
The technical architecture of the system is designed, the system development adopts the currently popular development mode of front-end and back-end separation, the front end uses a main flow frame Vue.js, the running environment is note.js, the compiling and packing tool is webpack, the NPM is a software registry, and the package of the note.js is managed. The Web Socket is responsible for front-end and back-end communication, pushes back-end data to the front end in real time, and feeds back information to a user. The back end uses the mainstream frames spring boot and spring cloud. The Spring boot is the integration of the Spring frame and the Spring MVC frame, and the structure is simpler. The SpringCloud is an ordered set of a series of frames, related components comprise Zuul, eureka, ribbon and Hystrix, and the functions of service registration, access, inter-service communication, throttling, current limiting and shunting and fusing degradation can be realized. In the aspect of a data layer, the Mysql cluster, the Redis cluster and the Elasticsearch cluster are adopted to realize reading, writing, caching, searching and analyzing operations of data (as shown in fig. 9). The system framework structure separates the system page from the implementation logic, simplifies the system structure, improves the system development efficiency, optimizes the system performance to a greater extent and improves the user experience.
And step six, maintenance and management of the carbon dioxide emission factor.
Due to the requirement of production development, each emission factor needs to be maintained and updated regularly, and the system can prompt factors needing maintenance recently in advance according to the updating rule. For example: the low-level calorific value of the coal needs to be tested once a month, and the system can generate prompt information for the factor 5 days before the next updating time expires; if the set updating date is exceeded, long-term alarm information is generated until the updating is completed, and the alarm is released. And for the discharge factors related to electricity and heat, the discharge factors can be manually updated only according to newly issued information. The management content of the emission factor mainly comprises three aspects of modification, addition and deletion. And for the existing emission factors, when the system prompts that the emission factors need to be updated, collecting the latest physical property parameters, replacing the original physical property parameters, and recalculating and storing the physical property parameters. If new carbonaceous materials are involved in the production, a new carbon emission factor needs to be added to the system. Clicking the newly added function, selecting the type of the emission factors, generating new numbers by the system according to the sequence under the condition that the number of the type factors is already available, and completely filling and storing other corresponding information. And for the carbon-containing substances which are not used any more in the planning time, the corresponding emission factors can be deleted, and the attached numbers are deleted at the same time and are not used any more.
Examples
Taking steel enterprises as an example, the process of establishing, managing and maintaining the carbon dioxide emission factor database is introduced. The carbon-containing raw materials related to the production process of the iron and steel enterprises comprise natural gas, anthracite, lignite, clean coal, iron ore, dolomite, coke powder, tar, crude steel, methanol, electric power, heat and the like. According to different categories of emission sources, the behavior of emission generated by natural gas, anthracite and lignite belongs to fuel combustion, and the natural gas, the anthracite and the lignite are respectively numbered as RS001, RS002 and RS003; the clean coal, the iron ore and the dolomite belong to carbon-containing raw materials which are put into production and are respectively numbered as GC001, GC002 and GC003; coke, coke powder, tar, crude steel and methanol are all carbon fixing products of enterprises, so the numbers are GT001, GT002, GT003, GT004 and GT005 respectively; the involved power mainly includes purchase power (DL 001) and output power (DL 002); the involved heat mainly includes purchase heat (RL 001) and output heat (RL 002). And after the classification is finished, storing the data into different database areas respectively.
When the system prompts that the discharge factors of the anthracite need maintenance, the low calorific value, the carbon content of the unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate are sampled and tested in time, and the test results are 26.7GJ/t and 27.4X10 -3 tC/GJ, 94% (default). And opening the system, retrieving the emission factor items corresponding to the anthracite, clicking the editing function, replacing the existing data in the system with the corresponding results, clicking and storing, and completing updating calculation and storage. If the emission factor of the dolomite (GC 003) does not need to be maintained, after the item is searched, the item is selected, and the function of deleting is clicked. If the information of methanol product needs to be newly added in the category of carbon sequestration products, the new information needs to be found out firstIn the carbon fixation product management area, a new function is clicked, the system generates a new number GT006, relevant parameter information is completely supplemented (carbon content: 37.5% and carbon oxidation rate: 100%), and clicking and storing is carried out.
Claims (10)
1. A method and a system for calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor of a steel enterprise are characterized by comprising the following steps:
sampling and testing physical parameters of the carbonaceous substance;
step two, calculating carbon dioxide emission factors, and assigning a latest calculation date and a fixed number to each emission factor;
classifying all emission factors to obtain classification results of different application angles;
step four, storing the classification results in corresponding storage areas respectively;
establishing a carbon emission factor management system;
and step six, maintenance and management of the carbon dioxide emission factor.
2. The method and system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 1, wherein: calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor related to the fossil fuel combustion process;
for fuels that produce direct emissions, the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated as shown in equation (1):
in the formula: c d -carbon content on dry basis, tC/t;
alpha-carbon oxidation rate,%;
it can be seen that the two main parameters involved in this formula are carbon content and carbon oxidation rate on a dry basis; wherein, the carbon content can be obtained by two modes of element analysis and industrial analysis.
3. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 2, wherein: in the calculation of the carbon dioxide emission factor involved in the combustion process of fossil fuel, for the gas fuel, it is necessary to determine the gas components, and then calculate the carbon content according to the volume fraction of each component and the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the component, as shown in formula (2):
in the formula: c-carbon content, tC/10 4 Nm 3 ；
CN n -the number of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of gas component n;
the other parameter "carbon oxidation rate" means that carbon in the fuel is oxidized into CO in the combustion process 2 Of available post-combustion CO 2 Is calculated from the amount of (c) and the amount of all carbon containing gases.
4. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the carbon emission factor is calculated by utilizing the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate, wherein the carbon content can also be calculated by the lower calorific value and the carbon content of the unit calorific value:
C＝NCV×CC (3)
in the formula: NCV-lower calorific value, GJ/10 4 Nm 3 ；
CC-carbon content per calorific value, tC/GJ.
5. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 2, wherein: step two, calculating a carbon dioxide emission factor related to the raw materials in the production process;
the carbonaceous materials used in the production process of iron and steel enterprises mainly comprise iron ore raw materials, fluxes and electrodes; the carbon content and the carbon oxidation rate of the three materials can be tested firstly, and then the carbon emission factor is calculated by using the formula (1); the main testing principle is that the material is heated and burned in an oxygen furnace, generated carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is collected, and then the corresponding carbon content is obtained through analysis and calculation;
in addition, the dolomite and limestone flux can be tested firstly for main carbon-containing chemical components, and CO is in the molecular formula according to the chemical components 3 2- The corresponding carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated, as shown in formula (4):
in the formula: n-molecular formula molar mass of the carbon-containing chemical component;
m-CO in molecular formula 3 2- The number of the cells.
6. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 5, wherein: for dolomite and limestone flux, a mode of directly testing the carbon dioxide content of the flux can be adopted, and the main testing process is as follows: firstly, decomposing a sample by using acid, absorbing carbon dioxide generated by decomposition by using an alkaline substance, measuring the weight gain of the sample, and further calculating the mass of the carbon dioxide; and then, calculating the content of carbon dioxide of the flux in unit mass, namely the carbon dioxide emission factor of the flux.
7. The method and system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 1, wherein: step two, calculating carbon dioxide emission factors related to electricity and heat;
(1) the power related emission factors are different according to the regions of enterprises, and the power grid boundary is uniformly divided into northeast, east, china, northwest and south regions according to the current distribution situation of regional power grids in China; obtaining an average carbon dioxide emission factor of a regional power grid according to the total net power generation amount, the fuel type and the total fuel consumption of all power plants in the regional power system, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: EF grid,i Average CO of regional grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
Em grid,i CO produced by electricity generation in the geographical area covered by the regional grid i 2 Direct emission of tCO 2 ；
EF grid,j Average CO of local grid j for net delivery of electricity to local grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,j,i The electric quantity, MWh, sent out to the regional power grid i by the regional power grid j;
EF k -k national power generation level average CO of net export electric quantity to regional power grid i 2 Emission factor, kgCO 2 /kWh；
E imp,k,i K, net export of electric quantity, MWh, to the regional power grid i;
E grid,i -the annual total power generation, MWh, within the geographical range covered by the regional grid i;
i-one of the northeast, east, center, northwest and south regional power grids;
j-other regional grids that net send out electricity to the regional grid i;
k-other countries that net export electricity to regional grid i;
(2) the carbon dioxide emission factor corresponding to the heat is calculated according to the total heat production, the type of fuel consumed and the total fuel consumption, as shown in formula (6):
in the formula: EF heat -CO of thermodynamic relevance 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 /TJ；
FC x,y Consumption of heating System Fuel x in year y, 10 4 t；
EF CO2,x,energy CO of Fuel x in the energy industry 2 Emission factor, tCO 2 /t；
HG y -heat supply of heating system year y, 10 13 J。
8. The method and system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 1, wherein: step three and step four, after the carbon dioxide emission factor is calculated and updated, the carbon dioxide emission factors are classified in multiple angles, then the carbon dioxide emission factors are stored in different areas in the established carbon emission factor database, and a unique name is set for each storage area; according to the classification method of the emission sources, the emission factors involved in the production of the iron and steel enterprises are divided into: the method comprises five steps of fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon fixation product GT, electric power DL and heating power RL.
9. The method and the system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 8, wherein: the classification method of the carbon dioxide emission factor mainly comprises the following classes:
the first type is: storing the factors in the same area according to the updating time of each factor, wherein the area I does not distinguish the types and the numbers;
the second type: simply, 5 types of emission factors can be stored in the same region, namely the region I according to the classification sequence and the corresponding numbering sequence;
in the third category: depending on the manner in which carbon dioxide emissions are generated, emission factors can be divided into two broad categories relating to direct emissions and indirect emissions; wherein the factors related to direct emissions include fuel combustion RS, production process GC, carbon sequestration product GT, stored to zone one; factors related to indirect emissions, including power DL, heat RL, are stored to zone two;
the fourth type: storing 5 types of emission factors in 5 different areas, namely an area I, an area II, an area III, an area IV and an area V; the factors within each region are arranged in a numbered order.
10. The method and system for calculating the carbon dioxide emission factor of the iron and steel enterprise according to claim 1, wherein: the carbon emission factor management system for maintaining and managing the carbon emission factor database comprises an acquisition module, a calculation module, a storage module, a management module and a background database; the acquisition module collects physical parameters of the carbon emission factors, and then the calculation module is used for calculating corresponding emission factors; storing the calculated emission factors into a specific area through a storage module according to a set classification mode; and, when necessary, each emission factor is subjected to maintenance management by using the management module.
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