CN115291122B - Method for acquiring internal information of lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection image - Google Patents
Method for acquiring internal information of lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection image Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, and in particular relates to a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, which comprises the following steps: controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a battery to be tested to carry out ultrasonic scanning, and obtaining ultrasonic imaging of a region to be tested; intuitively acquiring internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging; the method comprises the steps of obtaining three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected from lithium ion batteries under different conditions, and judging the current state of charge of the batteries, the cycle life of the batteries, lithium evolution, gas production, defects and electrolyte wettability conditions according to the phenomena of signal intensity change, signal attenuation conditions, additional reflection image generation conditions and the like in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; and further predicting the obtained internal information of the battery, feeding back a prediction result to the system, and making a further instruction by the system according to the prediction result to form a detection-analysis-prediction-feedback mechanism. The invention can improve the efficiency of monitoring the state of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, and in particular relates to a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image.
Background
The lithium ion secondary battery is widely applied to industries such as electric automobiles, electronic products, aerospace and the like due to high energy density, high power density, long service life and low price. However, the physical state of the lithium ion battery is not easy to directly measure and can only be indirectly obtained through other physical quantities. The existing on-line detection means of the lithium ion battery still have the characteristics of time consumption, high cost, inaccuracy and the like.
The ultrasonic detection can acquire the physical state of the lithium ion battery online without damage, but the traditional ultrasonic detection has a plurality of restriction factors on the lithium ion detection, the current state of the battery cannot be intuitively acquired, and the image scanning process takes a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, which aims at acquiring the internal information of the battery by directly observing the ultrasonic reflection image.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, comprising:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning, and obtaining ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
Intuitively acquiring internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging;
When three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity change trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging; judging whether lithium precipitation occurs according to whether additional reflection images and attenuation of overall signal intensity are generated simultaneously in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; when two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth inside the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, qualitatively judging the wettability condition of electrolyte inside the battery according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, wherein the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas generation occurs according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, gradually weakened signal intensity from the surface to the inside and different signal intensities at different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging whether defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection images are missing in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Further, when the current state of charge of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
indicating that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a low current density when the trend of change is a fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall associated with a reaction process inside the electrode, and indicating that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a high current density when a fluctuation amplitude and a fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall exceed a threshold value, wherein the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall is associated with a selected two-dimensional imaging;
When the variation trend is fluctuation decrease or fluctuation increase related to the internal reaction process of the electrode, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged with small current density, and when the fluctuation decrease or fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation amplitude exceed a threshold value, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged with large current density;
When the change trend is monotonously increasing and monotonously decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation rising or monotonously decreasing and monotonously increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation falling, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is shown;
And when the change trend is monotonically decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation decrease or monotonically increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation increase, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is over-discharged.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
the scanning device is controlled to drive the phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and the whole battery is scanned to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
and judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the acquired signal intensity of the historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Further, the two-dimensional imaging is a bottom wave image.
Further, before controlling the phased array probe to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning, placing a lithium ion battery to be tested in a constant temperature box; when the phased array probe is controlled to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact mode, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested, so that the contact pressure is kept consistent.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery internal information prediction method, which comprises the following steps:
And predicting the subsequent internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the current internal information of the lithium ion battery obtained by the method for obtaining the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image.
The invention also provides a system for acquiring the state of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image, which comprises: the device comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor;
the phased array probe is fixed through the probe fixing device and is used for automatically scanning the lithium ion battery to be tested by the phased array test module under the control of the processor;
The processor is configured to perform a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image as described above.
Further, the device also comprises a constant temperature box, wherein the constant temperature box is used for keeping the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be detected under the control of the processor in the process of ultrasonic automatic scanning through the phased array probe.
Further, the device also comprises a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the contact pressure of the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested under the control of the processor when the phased array probe automatically scans the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact mode, so that the contact pressure of the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested is kept consistent.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when being executed by a processor, controls a device in which the storage medium is located to execute a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image and/or a method for estimating internal information of a lithium ion battery as described above.
In general, through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) The method comprises the steps of acquiring three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected in a lithium ion battery charging and discharging cycle process by utilizing the advantages of nondestructive, real-time, simple and portable equipment and no harm to operators of ultrasonic detection, and qualitatively judging the current state of charge of the battery according to the signal intensity variation trend of two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical two-dimensional imaging; judging whether lithium precipitation occurs according to whether an additional reflection image is generated in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; when the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the region to be detected is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, the wettability condition of electrolyte inside the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability, and finally, judging modes such as gas production, defects and the like are also provided. Therefore, the method for on-line detection of lithium ion internal information by utilizing the full-focusing three-dimensional phased array provided by the invention couples ultrasonic imaging and internal reaction processes of the battery, and intuitively determines the state, the service life and the like of the battery through the ultrasonic imaging, so that the method is high in efficiency and reliability.
(2, The battery is scanned by ultrasonic imaging, so that an integral ultrasonic signal image of the battery can be obtained rapidly, and the judging precision of the service life of the battery is improved.
(3) The temperature of the battery is kept in the ultrasonic scanning process, so that the judgment accuracy can be further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for acquiring a state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery with internal defects according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional image of ultrasonic signals in the case of a battery defect provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements or structures, wherein:
1 is a probe fixing device, 2 is a phased array probe, 3 is a battery testing system, 4 is a pressure sensor, 5 is a lithium ion battery unit, 6 is a phased array testing system, 7 is a computer, and 8 is a constant temperature box.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
A method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning, and obtaining ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
Intuitively acquiring internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging;
When three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity change trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging; judging whether lithium precipitation occurs according to whether additional reflection images and attenuation of overall signal intensity are generated simultaneously in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; when two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth inside the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, qualitatively judging the wettability condition of electrolyte inside the battery according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, wherein the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas generation occurs according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, gradually weakened signal intensity from the surface to the inside and different signal intensities at different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging whether defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection images are missing in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
In the process of ultrasonic propagation, the behaviors of reflection, transmission and the like of ultrasonic signals at interfaces with different properties can occur, and the root cause for determining the strength of the behaviors of the ultrasonic signals is the difference of acoustic impedance between two substances. By acquiring reflected ultrasonic signal information, the properties of the two materials at the interface and the presence of defect-free generation can be judged. When the ultrasonic signal enters the battery, the battery consists of anode and cathode materials, a current collector, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein a plurality of interfaces are included, and the ultrasonic signal can generate a series of complex reflection and scattering behaviors in the battery. Since the acoustic impedance of the separator and current collector during cycling of the battery can be considered to remain unchanged and the specific gravity within the entire battery is small, the behavior of the ultrasonic signal in the battery can be considered to be that between the positive and negative materials of the battery.
The mechanism of qualitative judgment will now be described by taking the ultrasonic signal intensity of the battery bottom wave as an example:
In the charge and discharge process of the battery, lithium ions are inserted/separated between the anode material and the cathode material, so that the density and the volume of the anode material are changed, the elastic modulus of the material is changed, and the acoustic impedance difference between the anode and the cathode is caused; these constant changes in acoustic impedance differences result in changes in the reflection behavior of the ultrasonic signal between interfaces, and thus in changes in the strength of the reflected signal. On the basis of the normal change, the generation of a new interface, the generation of gas and the difference of solid-liquid transmission paths of ultrasonic signals further cause the change of acoustic impedance difference, so that the intensity and reflection behavior of the ultrasonic signals are changed relative to the normal state. Therefore, according to the characteristic information reflected by the signal intensity in the acquired ultrasonic image, the internal information of the lithium ion battery, including the state of charge, the health life, the battery abuse condition and the electrolyte wettability, can be effectively diagnosed.
According to the embodiment, the ultrasonic imaging and the internal reaction process of the battery are coupled, so that ultrasonic signal mechanism analysis under different scenes is given, and visual judgment accuracy based on the ultrasonic image is improved.
Preferably, when the above-described variation trend is a fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall associated with the electrode internal reaction process, it indicates that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a small current density, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the rise amplitude of the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall exceed a threshold value, it indicates that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a large current density, wherein the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall is associated with the selected two-dimensional imaging.
When the variation trend is fluctuation decrease or fluctuation increase related to the internal reaction process of the electrode, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged at a low current density, and when the fluctuation decrease or fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation amplitude exceed a threshold value, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged at a high current density.
It should be noted that, as to whether the fluctuation is rising or falling, it is necessary to determine the fluctuation according to the two-dimensional imaging selected, because the two-dimensional imaging at different positions is different for the changing direction corresponding to the same state of charge, and if the fluctuation is rising, it corresponds to the charging state, and the fluctuation is falling corresponds to the discharging state.
When the change trend is monotonously increasing and monotonously decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation rising or monotonously decreasing and monotonously increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation falling, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is shown;
Further, the signal change trend is substantially divided into three phases according to the overcharge degree, and the initial overcharge phase is exemplified by the fluctuation rise: signal intensity rises, mid-overcharge: signal intensity decreases at the end of charge and at the later stage of overcharge: the ultrasound signal intensity suddenly drops at the end of charging until it disappears.
And when the change trend is monotonically decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation decrease or monotonically increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation increase, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is over-discharged.
Preferably, the method may further comprise:
the scanning device is controlled to drive the phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and the whole battery is scanned to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
And judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery to be tested is placed in a constant temperature box before the phased array probe is controlled to conduct ultrasonic automatic scanning.
Preferably, when the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact mode, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested, so that the contact pressure is kept consistent.
It should be noted that, the method of this embodiment may be used for modifying the auxiliary electrode material, and provides a battery improvement method, and at the same time, facilitates the analysis of battery failure.
Example two
A lithium ion battery internal information prediction method comprises the following steps:
And carrying out internal information estimation prediction based on the lithium ion battery model, wherein the lithium ion battery model is constructed based on the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image.
For specific prediction methods, reference may be made to existing prediction methods, for example:
In the data fusion layer, in the battery charging and discharging process and the long-cycle process, the multi-mode information under different sensors is received simultaneously by using a sequential algorithm, so that asynchronous data synchronization is realized; the synchronized data are widely used for error correction and cleaning of the measured data by a self-adaptive filtering algorithm, so that the data quality is improved; finally, extracting and classifying the similar data through cluster analysis to finish data-level preprocessing; in the aspect of feature fusion, the information after data fusion corresponds to the battery charging and discharging process and the working period on a time scale, the feature information highly related to the macroscopic change rule in the battery working process is extracted by using a principal component analysis method, initial weighting is carried out, and highly fitting optimization weight distribution is carried out by using a neural network technology, so that the highly correspondence and mathematical expression of the data and the battery feature change are formed. Recording ultrasonic signals in the charge and discharge process, widely applying Fourier transform, wavelet transform, hilbert transform and other time-frequency analysis methods, extracting periodic variation characteristics of the ultrasonic signals, observing the whole and partial time domain characteristics and frequency domain characteristics of the signals, and deeply mining the signal characteristics highly related to the battery state by separating different modes of the signals; the coupling strength between the characteristics and the states is judged by using statistical modeling methods such as linear regression analysis, machine learning and the like and reflected on parameter coupling of finite element simulation models of different physical fields; finally, a simplified method similar to equivalent circuit modeling is adopted, a low-dimensional low-order battery thermal model, a stress strain model, a circuit model and the like are established, a link with poor physical interpretation is described by adopting an empirical equation, and state estimation and prediction without precision difference on a battery with inconsistency are realized by adopting a model algorithm based on Kalman filtering, extended Kalman filtering, unscented Kalman filtering and the like and a data driving algorithm such as neural network, deep learning and the like by combining an online parameter identification and real-time filtering technology.
The result of the state estimation can be fed back to the control system, the control system can judge whether the battery state exceeds the safety range according to the predicted state, when the predicted battery state exceeds the safety threshold, the control system makes a judgment to timely terminate the battery charge and discharge and timely stop unsafe events such as battery thermal runaway and the like; and (3) feeding back the battery life prediction to the system, and when the attenuation exceeds a set attenuation range (for example, 20%), making a judgment by the control system, and isolating the battery with the residual life which is not satisfactory from the battery system or replacing the battery with a healthy battery.
Example III
A system for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image, comprising: the device comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor.
The phased array probe is fixed through the probe fixing device and used for automatically scanning the lithium ion battery to be tested by the phased array test module under the control of the processor; the processor is configured to perform a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image as described in the first embodiment.
Preferably, the lithium ion battery temperature measuring device also comprises a constant temperature box which is used for keeping the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be measured in the process of ultrasonic automatic scanning through the phased array probe.
Preferably, the system further comprises a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested to keep the contact pressure consistent when the phased array probe automatically scans the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact mode.
As shown in fig. 2, a specific experimental set-up system, comprising: the device comprises a phased array probe (2), a phased array test system (6), a probe fixing device (1), a lithium ion battery unit (5), a battery test system (3), a computer (7), a pressure sensor (4) and a constant temperature box (8). The phased array probe is fixed by the probe fixing device, ultrasonic signals are transmitted and received, and reflected signals are measured. The phased array probe is connected with the phased array test system for ultrasonic signal acquisition and processing, and is connected with the computer for image display. The battery test system performs charge and discharge process setting on the battery. The pressure sensor is used for controlling the pressure of the phased array probe to be consistent with the pressure of the battery every time, detecting the real-time pressure change in the charging and discharging process of the battery, and connecting the pressure sensor to a computer for data display and recording. The incubator is used to control the ambient temperature, and it is not specifically mentioned that the temperature of the incubator is 25 ℃ in all application examples.
Further, the scanning device comprises two linear sliding modules, a probe fixing frame and a battery fixing device, wherein the two linear sliding modules are mutually perpendicular, and on an x-y plane, the probe is fixedly arranged on the probe fixing frame and can move along with sliding, and the whole scanning can be performed in a liquid immersion mode or in a surface coating coupling agent mode.
The system can be used for acquiring and testing the internal information of the lithium ion battery:
step one: and (3) carrying out charge and discharge cycle tests on the battery under different multiplying powers, temperatures and cut-off voltages by using the battery test system and the incubator.
Step two, a step two is carried out; and (3) attaching a 5MHz area array phased array probe to the surface of the lithium ion battery to be detected, and performing the step one. And performing processing analysis on the ultrasonic reflection signals in the charge and discharge process by using a phased array test system, so as to obtain a two-dimensional/three-dimensional phased array image. And thus different battery states and internal health information can be analyzed and compared.
Step three, a step of performing; the 5MHz linear array phased array probe is connected with a scanning device, and a sliding module of the scanning device drives the phased array probe to move so as to scan the whole battery, thereby obtaining the whole internal health state distribution information of the battery.
In the method for evaluating internal information of a battery in this embodiment, the internal information specifically includes a state of charge, a health lifetime, a battery abuse condition, and an electrolyte wettability, and these internal information are reflected in signal intensity or signal intensity variation in an ultrasound image, and compared with a battery in a healthy state, the greater the difference of the overall ultrasound signal distribution inside the battery, the greater the difference of signal energy at the same location, which indicates that the internal state of the battery to be measured deviates from the normal state.
To better illustrate the method of the present embodiment, the following example is now given:
Example 1, performed as follows:
(1) Taking a lithium ion battery with the size of 4.5mm, adopting a battery charge-discharge tester to carry out charge-discharge test on the battery, respectively charging the battery to the cut-off voltage of 3.65V at the rates of 1C,2C,3C and 4C, standing for 10 minutes, and discharging the battery to the cut-off voltage of 2.0V at the same rate.
(2) Further, a 5MHz phased array area array probe is attached to different positions on the surface of a battery by using a probe fixing device, the change of internal reflection images of the battery is detected and recorded in real time by using a full-focus three-dimensional phased array detection system, and after the phased array two-dimensional/three-dimensional images of ultrasonic signals under different charge states and different current densities of the battery are subjected to normalization processing, SOC signal energy change diagrams of different positions in the battery in the charging and discharging processes are obtained.
(3) Further, the 5MHz linear array phased array probe is fixed on the scanning device, and C scanning tests are carried out on batteries under different current densities and different charge states, so that the overall ultrasonic signal intensity distribution inside the batteries under different states is obtained, the overall information of the batteries can be obtained, and the internal states and distribution trends of the batteries under different multiplying powers can be evaluated.
Example 2, performed as follows:
(1) Taking a lithium ion battery with the diameter of 4.5mm, carrying out charge and discharge test on the battery by adopting a battery charge and discharge tester, charging the battery to cut-off voltages of 3.65V,3.8V,4.0V,4.2V,4.4V,4.6V,4.7V,4.8V and 4.9V at the rate of 1C, and discharging the battery to the cut-off voltage of 2.0V at the rate of 1C after standing for 10 minutes. Further, the battery was charged to a cutoff voltage of 3.65V at a rate of 1C, and after standing for 10 minutes, was discharged to a cutoff voltage of 2.0V,1.5V,1.0V,0.5V,0.3V,0.1V at 1C, respectively.
(2) Further, a 5MHz phased array area array probe is attached to the center of the surface of the battery by using a probe fixing device, the change of the internal reflection image of the battery is detected and recorded in real time by using a full-focus three-dimensional phased array detection system, and the SOC distribution map of the battery with different cut-off voltages is obtained after the phased array two-dimensional/three-dimensional images of ultrasonic signals under different charge states and different current densities of the battery are normalized.
(3) Further, the battery with the over-charge process and the over-discharge process is subjected to C-scan test to obtain the overall ultrasonic signal intensity distribution inside the battery under different over-charge and over-discharge conditions, so that the overall information of the battery can be obtained, and the influence of different charge and discharge cut-off voltages of the battery on the internal state (lithium evolution and gas production) and distribution of the battery can be evaluated.
Example 3, performed as follows:
(1) Taking an unformed cell of 3.8mm, injecting a fixed amount of electrolyte into the cell, and then vacuum sealing.
(2) Further, a phased array area array probe of 5MHz is attached to the center of the surface of the battery by using a probe fixing device and is connected with a scanning device to carry out C scanning test. And detecting and recording the change of the reflection image of the battery body by using a full-focusing three-dimensional phased array detection system at the moments of 0h,0.5h,1h,1.5h,2h,3h,4h,6h,8h,12h,24h,36h and 48h after electrolyte is injected, so that the intensity distribution of the whole ultrasonic signals inside the battery under different electrolyte infiltration degrees is obtained, and the whole electrolyte infiltration information of the battery can be obtained.
(3) Further, the battery placed for 48 hours is subjected to charge-discharge circulation at 1C, C scan tests are respectively carried out on the battery after the 5 th circle, the tenth circle and the fifteenth circle of circulation, an electrolyte infiltration overall distribution diagram in the battery is obtained, and the distribution diagram is compared with ultrasonic imaging which is not completely infiltrated by the electrolyte in the step (2).
Example 4, performed as follows:
(1) Taking a lithium ion battery with the size of 4.5mm, adopting a battery charge-discharge tester to test the charge and discharge of the battery, respectively charging the battery to the cut-off voltage of 3.65V at the rates of 1C,2C,3C and 4C at the ambient temperature of 0 ℃,25 ℃ and 40 ℃, standing for 10 minutes, and discharging to the cut-off voltage of 2.0V at the rate of 1C.
(2) Further, a phased array probe of 5MHz is attached to the center of the surface of the battery by using a probe fixing device and is connected with a scanning device for C scanning test, the change of internal reflection images of the battery is detected and recorded every 10 circles by using a full-focus three-dimensional phased array detection system, and the integral ultrasonic signals inside the battery are distributed in intensity under different environment temperatures and different current densities of the battery, so that integral information of the battery can be obtained, critical conditions of lithium precipitation inside the battery under different environment temperatures and different current densities are obtained, and the influence of the different environment temperatures and the different current densities on the aging of the battery is evaluated.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, which illustrate three-dimensional imaging diagrams of a battery with internal defects and its corresponding ultrasound signals, this information of defects can be intuitively obtained from fig. 4 according to the method proposed by the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the method for evaluating the battery state, a verification test may be further included to perform electrical, chemical and materialization detection on the battery, more precisely obtain data of the state of charge, the state of health, the remaining life and the like, and combine the data with the ultrasonic imaging data of the battery to be tested to more precisely recognize the relationship between the ultrasonic imaging and the battery state, so that the internal state of health of the battery can be evaluated more precisely by adopting the method of example one.
The system provided by the embodiment can simply, quickly and visually detect states such as the state of charge inside the battery, the state of health of the battery, lithium evolution, gas production, defects, electrolyte infiltration and the like and judge the quality of the battery under the condition of not damaging the battery through the full-focus three-dimensional phased array equipment. In addition, the phased array C-scan device is different from the conventional C-scan device, the required time of the phased array C-scan device is short, the accuracy is high, the whole battery can be scanned within a few seconds, and the detection time and the detection accuracy are greatly improved.
The related technical solution is the same as the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
Example IV
A computer readable storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, controls a device in which the storage medium resides to perform a method of acquiring a state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image as described above.
The related technical solution is the same as the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, comprising the steps of:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning, and obtaining ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
Intuitively acquiring internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging;
When three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity change trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging; judging whether lithium precipitation occurs according to whether additional reflection images and attenuation of overall signal intensity are generated simultaneously in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; when two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth inside the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, qualitatively judging the wettability condition of electrolyte inside the battery according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, wherein the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas generation occurs according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, gradually weakened signal intensity from the surface to the inside and different signal intensities at different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging whether defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection images are missing in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
2. The method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, wherein when the current state of charge of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, specifically:
indicating that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a low current density when the trend of change is a fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall associated with a reaction process inside the electrode, and indicating that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge charged at a high current density when a fluctuation amplitude and a fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall exceed a threshold value, wherein the fluctuation rise or fluctuation fall is associated with a selected two-dimensional imaging;
When the variation trend is fluctuation decrease or fluctuation increase related to the internal reaction process of the electrode, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged with small current density, and when the fluctuation decrease or fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation amplitude exceed a threshold value, the lithium ion battery is currently in a charge state discharged with large current density;
When the change trend is monotonously increasing and monotonously decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation rising or monotonously decreasing and monotonously increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation falling, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is shown;
And when the change trend is monotonically decreasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation decrease or monotonically increasing until the signal disappears on the basis of fluctuation increase, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery is over-discharged.
3. The method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, further comprising:
the scanning device is controlled to drive the phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and the whole battery is scanned to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
and judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the acquired signal intensity of the historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
4. A method of acquiring internal information of a lithium-ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two-dimensional imaging is a bottom wave image.
5. The method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be tested is placed in a constant temperature box before the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning; when the phased array probe is controlled to carry out ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact mode, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested, so that the contact pressure is kept consistent.
6. The lithium ion battery internal information estimation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Internal information estimation prediction is performed based on a lithium ion battery model, wherein the lithium ion battery model is constructed based on the method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A system for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image, comprising: the device comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor;
the phased array probe is fixed through the probe fixing device and is used for automatically scanning the lithium ion battery to be tested by the phased array test module under the control of the processor;
the processor is configured to perform a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflection image as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a thermostat for maintaining the temperature of the lithium-ion battery under test under the control of the processor during the ultrasonic auto-scan by the phased array probe.
9. The system of claim 7, further comprising a pressure sensor for monitoring contact pressure of the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery under test under control of the processor to be consistent when the phased array probe is in contact with the lithium ion battery under test for ultrasonic auto-scanning.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium comprises a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when being executed by a processor, controls a device in which the storage medium is located to perform a method of acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflection image and/or a method of estimating internal information of a lithium ion battery according to claim 6.
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