CN115291122A - Method for acquiring internal information of lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection image - Google Patents
Method for acquiring internal information of lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection image Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, which comprises the following steps: controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a battery to be tested to perform ultrasonic scanning, and acquiring ultrasonic imaging of a region to be tested; directly acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging; the method comprises the steps of obtaining three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected for lithium ion batteries under different conditions, and judging the current charge state of the battery, the cycle life of the battery, lithium analysis, gas generation, defects and the electrolyte wettability of the battery according to the phenomena of signal intensity change, signal attenuation condition, extra reflection image generation condition and the like in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; and further predicting the acquired internal information of the battery, feeding the predicted result back to the system, and making further indication by the system according to the predicted result to form a detection-analysis-prediction-feedback mechanism. The invention can improve the efficiency of monitoring the state of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image.
Background
Lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used in the industries of electric vehicles, electronic products, aerospace, and the like due to their high energy density, high power density, long life, and low price. However, the physical state of the lithium ion battery is not easy to be directly measured, and can only be indirectly obtained through other physical quantities. The existing online detection means of the lithium ion battery still has the characteristics of time consumption, high cost, inaccuracy and the like at the present stage.
The physical state of the lithium ion battery can be acquired in an online and nondestructive mode through ultrasonic detection, but the traditional ultrasonic detection has many restriction factors on lithium ion detection, the current state of the battery cannot be acquired visually, and the time consumed in an image scanning process is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects and the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, which aims to acquire the internal information of the battery by directly observing the ultrasonic reflection image.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, including:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning, and acquiring ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging, directly acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery;
when the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the area to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity change trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging correspondingly; judging whether lithium analysis occurs or not according to whether an additional reflection image is generated in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or not and the attenuation of the overall signal intensity; when the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth in the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, the wettability condition of electrolyte in the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, and the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas is produced or not according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, signal intensity gradually weakens from the surface to the inner direction and signal intensity of different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth is different; and judging whether the defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection image deletion occurs in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Further, when the current state of charge of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the change trend is fluctuation rising or fluctuation falling related to the electrode internal reaction process, the lithium ion battery is in a charging state charged at a low current density, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the rising amplitude of the fluctuation rising or fluctuation falling exceed threshold values, the lithium ion battery is in a charging state charged at a high current density, wherein the fluctuation rising or the fluctuation falling is related to the selected two-dimensional imaging;
when the change trend is fluctuation reduction or fluctuation rise related to the electrode internal reaction process, the lithium ion battery is in a charge state of discharging at low current density, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation reduction or fluctuation amplitude exceed threshold values, the lithium ion battery is in a charge state of discharging at high current density;
when the change trend is that the signal disappears after the monotone increase and the monotone decrease on the basis of the rising of the fluctuation, or the signal disappears after the monotone decrease and the monotone increase on the basis of the falling of the fluctuation, the lithium ion battery is in the overcharged charge state currently;
when the change trend is that the signal disappears after the fluctuation is decreased in a monotonous manner, or the signal disappears after the fluctuation is increased in a monotonous manner, the lithium ion battery is in the over-discharge state.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
controlling a scanning device to drive the phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and scanning the whole battery to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
and judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Further, the two-dimensional imaging is a bottom wave image.
Further, before controlling the phased array probe to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning, placing the lithium ion battery to be tested in a thermostat; when the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be detected in a contact mode, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected, so that the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected are kept consistent.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery internal information prediction method, which comprises the following steps:
based on the current internal information of the lithium ion battery obtained by the method for obtaining the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image, the subsequent internal information of the lithium ion battery is predicted.
The invention also provides a system for acquiring the state of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image, which comprises the following components: the system comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor;
the phased array probe is fixed by the probe fixing device and is used for carrying out ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested through the phased array testing module under the control of the processor;
the processor is configured to perform a method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflectance image as described above.
And the constant temperature box is used for keeping the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be detected under the control of the processor in the process of carrying out ultrasonic automatic scanning through the phased array probe.
And the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the contact pressure of the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected under the control of the processor when the phased array probe performs ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be detected in a contact manner, so that the contact pressure is kept consistent.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the apparatus on which the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image and/or the method for estimating the internal information of the lithium ion battery.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) By utilizing the advantages of nondestructive and real-time ultrasonic detection, simple and portable equipment and no harm to operators, when the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the acquired signal intensity of the historical two-dimensional imaging; judging whether lithium analysis occurs or not according to whether an additional reflection image is generated in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging; when the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the area to be detected is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, the wettability condition of electrolyte in the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability, and finally, judgment modes such as gas generation and defects are provided. Therefore, the method for detecting the lithium ion internal information on line by using the full-focusing three-dimensional phased array couples ultrasonic imaging with the internal reaction process of the battery, visually determines the state, the service life and the like of the battery through the ultrasonic image, and is high in efficiency and reliability.
(2) the battery is scanned by ultrasonic imaging, so that the whole ultrasonic signal image of the battery can be quickly obtained, and the judgment precision of the service life of the battery is improved.
(3) The temperature of the battery is kept in the process of ultrasonic scanning, so that the judgment precision can be further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for acquiring a state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention with internal defects;
fig. 4 is a three-dimensional imaging diagram of an ultrasonic signal in the case of a battery defect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
the device comprises a probe fixing device 1, a phased array probe 2, a battery testing system 3, a pressure sensor 4, a lithium ion battery unit 5, a phased array testing system 6, a computer 7 and a thermostat 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example one
A method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasonic reflection image, as shown in fig. 1, includes:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning, and acquiring ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
directly acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging;
when three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging correspondingly; judging whether lithium analysis occurs or not according to whether an additional reflection image is generated in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or not and the attenuation of the overall signal intensity; when the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth in the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, the wettability condition of electrolyte in the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, and the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas is produced or not according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, signal intensity gradually weakens from the surface to the inner direction and signal intensity of different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth is different; and judging whether the defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection image deletion occurs in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
During the ultrasonic propagation, the ultrasonic signals are reflected, transmitted and the like at interfaces with different properties, and the fundamental reason for determining the strength of the behaviors of the ultrasonic signals is the acoustic impedance difference between two substances. By acquiring the reflected ultrasonic signal information, the properties of the two materials at the interface can be judged, and defect-free generation can be realized. When the ultrasonic signal enters the battery, the battery consists of a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a current collector, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the battery comprises a plurality of interfaces, and the ultrasonic signal can generate a series of complex reflection and scattering behaviors in the battery. Since the acoustic impedance of the separator and the current collector during the battery cycle can be considered to be constant and the occupied proportion of the current collector in the whole battery is small, the behavior of the ultrasonic signal in the battery can be considered as the behavior between the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material of the battery.
The mechanism of qualitative judgment will be described by taking the ultrasonic signal intensity of the bottom wave of the battery as an example:
in the charging and discharging process of the battery, as lithium ions are inserted/removed between the positive and negative electrode materials, the density and the volume of the positive and negative electrode materials are changed, so that the elastic modulus of the materials is changed, and the acoustic impedance difference between the positive and negative electrodes is caused; the constant change of these acoustic impedance differences results in a change of the reflection behavior of the ultrasonic signal between the interfaces, and thus in a change of the intensity of the reflected signal. On the basis of the normal change, the generation of a new interface, the generation of gas and the difference of the ultrasonic signal solid-liquid transmission paths further cause the change of the acoustic impedance difference, so that the intensity and the reflection behavior of the ultrasonic signal are changed relative to the normal state. Therefore, according to the characteristic information reflected by the signal intensity in the acquired ultrasonic image, the internal information of the lithium ion battery, including the state of charge, the health life, the abuse condition of the battery and the wettability of the electrolyte, can be effectively diagnosed and obtained.
In the embodiment, ultrasonic signal mechanism analysis under different scenes is given by coupling the ultrasonic imaging and the reaction process in the battery, so that the visual judgment precision based on the ultrasonic image is improved.
Preferably, when the above trend is a fluctuation rise or a fluctuation fall related to the electrode internal reaction process, it indicates that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge at a low current density, and when the fluctuation rise or the fluctuation fall exceeds a threshold value, it indicates that the lithium ion battery is currently in a state of charge at a high current density, wherein the fluctuation rise or the fluctuation fall is related to the selected two-dimensional imaging.
When the change trend is fluctuation reduction or fluctuation increase related to the electrode internal reaction process, the lithium ion battery is in a current charge state of discharging at a low current density, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation reduction or fluctuation amplitude exceed threshold values, the lithium ion battery is in a current charge state of discharging at a high current density.
It should be noted that, as for the fluctuation-up variation or the fluctuation-down variation, it is necessary to determine according to the selected two-dimensional imaging, because the two-dimensional imaging at different positions has different changing directions for the same charge state, and if the two-dimensional imaging is bottom wave imaging, the fluctuation-up corresponds to the charge state and the fluctuation-down corresponds to the discharge state.
When the variation trend is that the signal disappears after the fluctuation rises in a monotonous increasing way or the signal disappears after the monotonous decreasing way or the signal disappears after the fluctuation falls in a monotonous increasing way, the lithium ion battery is in the overcharged state;
furthermore, it should be noted that, the signal variation trend varies with the degree of overcharge, and is roughly divided into three stages, for example, on the basis of the rise of the fluctuation, the initial overcharge stage: signal strength rise, overcharge mid-term: the signal intensity is reduced at the end of charging, and at the later stage of overcharging: and the intensity of the ultrasonic signal suddenly drops at the end of charging until the intensity disappears.
When the change trend is that the signal disappears after the fluctuation is decreased in a monotonous manner, or the signal disappears after the fluctuation is increased in a monotonous manner, the lithium ion battery is in the over-discharge state.
Preferably, the method may further comprise:
controlling a scanning device to drive a phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and scanning the whole battery to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
and judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
Preferably, before the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning, the lithium ion battery to be tested is placed in a thermostat.
Preferably, when the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact manner, the method further includes: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected, so that the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected are kept consistent.
It should be noted that the method of the present embodiment can be used for modification of auxiliary electrode materials, and provides a method for improving a battery, and simultaneously facilitates analysis of battery failure.
Example two
A lithium ion battery internal information prediction method includes:
and estimating and predicting internal information based on a lithium ion battery model, wherein the lithium ion battery model is constructed based on the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image.
For a specific prediction method, reference may be made to existing prediction methods, for example:
on the data fusion level, in the battery charging and discharging process and the long circulation process, multi-mode information under different sensors is received simultaneously by using a sequential algorithm, so that asynchronous data synchronization is realized; the synchronized data are widely subjected to self-adaptive filtering algorithm, error correction and cleaning of the measured data are effectively carried out, and the data quality is improved; finally, extracting and classifying the same kind of data through clustering analysis to finish data level preprocessing; in the aspect of feature fusion, information after data fusion corresponds to a battery charging and discharging process and a working period on a time scale, feature information which is highly related to a macroscopic change rule in the working process of the battery is extracted by using a principal component analysis method and subjected to initial weighting, and high-degree fitting optimization weight distribution is performed by using a neural network technology to form high correspondence and mathematical expression of data and battery feature change. Recording ultrasonic signals in the charging and discharging process, widely applying Fourier transform, wavelet transform, hilbert transform and an isochronous frequency analysis method, extracting periodic change characteristics of the ultrasonic signals, overall and local time domain characteristics and frequency domain characteristics of the longitudinal signals, and deeply mining signal characteristics highly related to the state of the battery by separating different modes of the signals; judging the coupling strength between the characteristics and the states by using statistical modeling methods such as linear regression analysis, machine learning and the like, and reflecting the coupling strength on parameter coupling of finite element simulation models of different physical fields; finally, a simplified method similar to equivalent circuit modeling is adopted to establish a low-dimensional low-order battery thermal model, a stress strain model, a circuit model and the like, an empirical equation is adopted to describe links with poor physical interpretability, online parameter identification and real-time filtering technologies are combined, and state estimation and prediction without precision difference are achieved on batteries with inconsistency by means of Kalman filtering, extended Kalman filtering, unscented Kalman filtering and other data-driven algorithms based on model algorithms and neural networks, deep learning and the like.
The result of the state estimation can be fed back to the control system, the control system can judge whether the battery state exceeds a safety range according to the predicted state, and when the predicted battery state exceeds a safety threshold, the control system makes a judgment to terminate charging and discharging of the battery in time and prevent unsafe events such as thermal runaway of the battery and the like in time; and feeding back the battery life prediction to the system, and when the attenuation exceeds a set attenuation range (for example, 20%), making a decision by the control system, and isolating the battery with the unsatisfactory residual life out of the battery system or replacing the battery with a healthy battery.
EXAMPLE III
A system for obtaining internal information of a lithium ion battery based on ultrasound reflectance images, comprising: the device comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor.
The phased array probe is fixed by the probe fixing device and used for carrying out ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested through the phased array testing module under the control of the processor; the processor is used for executing the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image as described in the first embodiment.
Preferably, the device further comprises a constant temperature box for maintaining the temperature of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the process of ultrasonic automatic scanning by the phased array probe.
Preferably, the device further comprises a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the contact pressure of the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected to keep the contact pressure consistent when the phased array probe performs ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be detected in a contact mode.
As shown in fig. 2, a specific experimental device system includes: phased array probe (2), phased array test system (6), probe fixing device (1), lithium ion battery unit (5), battery test system (3), computer (7), pressure sensor (4), and thermostated container (8). The phased array probe is fixed by the probe fixing device, and ultrasonic signals are transmitted and received one by one to measure reflection signals. The phased array probe is connected with the phased array test system to acquire and process ultrasonic signals, and is connected with a computer to display images. The battery testing system is used for carrying out charging and discharging process step setting on the battery. The pressure sensor is used for controlling the pressure of the phased array probe to be consistent with the pressure of the battery when the phased array probe is contacted with the battery every time, detecting the real-time pressure change of the battery in the charging and discharging process, and connecting the pressure sensor to a computer for data display and recording. The thermostat is used for controlling the ambient temperature, and is not particularly provided, and the temperature of the thermostat is 25 ℃ in all application examples.
Furthermore, the scanning device comprises two linear sliding modules, a probe fixing frame and a battery fixing device, wherein the two linear sliding modules are perpendicular to each other and are arranged on an x-y plane, the probe is fixedly arranged on the probe fixing frame and can move along with the probe, and the whole scanning can be carried out in a liquid immersion mode or a surface coating mode by using a coupling agent.
The system can be used for obtaining and testing the internal information of the lithium ion battery:
the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out charge-discharge cycle tests on the battery under different multiplying powers, temperatures and cut-off voltages by using a battery test system and a thermostat.
Step two; attaching the 5MHz area array phased array probe to the surface of the lithium ion battery to be detected, and simultaneously carrying out the first step. And (3) carrying out processing analysis on the ultrasonic reflection signals in the charging and discharging processes by using a phased array test system, thereby obtaining a two-dimensional/three-dimensional phased array image. Different battery states and internal health information can thus be analyzed and compared.
Step three; and connecting the 5MHz linear array phased array probe with a scanning device, and driving the phased array probe to move by a sliding module of the scanning device to scan the whole battery so as to obtain the distribution information of the health state in the whole battery.
In the method for evaluating the internal information of the battery of this embodiment, the internal information specifically includes a state of charge, a healthy life, a battery abuse condition, and an electrolyte wettability, and these internal information may be reflected in the signal intensity or the signal intensity change in the ultrasound image, and as compared with the battery in a healthy state, the larger the difference of the overall ultrasound signal distribution in the battery is, the larger the difference of the signal energy at the same position is, the larger the degree of the internal state of the battery to be measured deviating from the normal state is.
To better illustrate the method of this embodiment, the following example is now given:
example 1, the following procedure was followed:
(1) Taking a 4.5mm lithium ion battery, carrying out charge and discharge tests on the battery by adopting a battery charge and discharge tester, respectively charging to cut-off voltage of 3.65V at rates of 1C,2C,3C and 4C, standing for 10 minutes, and then discharging to cut-off voltage of 2.0V at the same rate.
(2) Further, a 5MHz phased array probe is attached to different positions on the surface of the battery by using a probe fixing device, the change of reflection images inside the battery is detected and recorded in real time by using a full-focusing three-dimensional phased array detection system, and SOC signal energy change maps of different positions inside the battery in the charging and discharging process are obtained after normalization processing is carried out on phased array two-dimensional/three-dimensional images of ultrasonic signals under different charge states and different current densities of the battery.
(3) Furthermore, the 5MHz linear array phased array probe is fixed on a scanning device, and C scanning test is carried out on the batteries with different current densities and different charge states to obtain the overall ultrasonic signal intensity distribution in the batteries under different states, so that the overall information of the batteries can be obtained, and the internal states and distribution trends of the batteries under different multiplying powers can be evaluated.
Example 2, the following procedure was followed:
(1) A4.5 mm lithium ion battery is taken, a battery charge-discharge tester is adopted to carry out charge-discharge test on the battery, the battery is charged at the rate of 1C until the cut-off voltage is respectively 3.65V,3.8V,4.0V,4.2V,4.4V,4.6V,4.7V,4.8V and 4.9V, and the battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage of 2.0V at 1C after standing for 10 minutes. Further, the battery was charged at a rate of 1C to a cut-off voltage of 3.65V, left to stand for 10 minutes, and then discharged at a rate of 1C to cut-off voltages of 2.0V,1.5V,1.0V,0.5V,0.3V, and 0.1V, respectively.
(2) Furthermore, a 5MHz phased array surface probe is attached to the center position of the surface of the battery by a probe fixing device, the change of a reflection image inside the battery is detected and recorded in real time by a full-focusing three-dimensional phased array detection system, and the SOC distribution maps inside the battery with different cut-off voltages are obtained after normalization processing is carried out on phased array two-dimensional/three-dimensional images of ultrasonic signals of the battery under different charge states and different current densities.
(3) Further, the C-scan test is carried out on the battery with the over-charging process and the over-discharging process finished, so that the intensity distribution of the whole ultrasonic signals in the battery under different over-charging and over-discharging conditions is obtained, the whole information of the battery can be obtained, and the influence of different charging and discharging cut-off voltages of the battery on the internal state (lithium precipitation and gas generation) and distribution of the battery can be evaluated.
Example 3, the following procedure was followed:
(1) Taking a 3.8mm unformed battery cell, injecting a fixed amount of electrolyte into the battery cell, and then carrying out vacuum sealing.
(2) Further, a 5MHz phased array probe is attached to the center of the surface of the battery by a probe fixing device and is connected with a scanning device to perform C scanning test. And detecting and recording the reflection image change of the battery body by using a full-focusing three-dimensional phased array detection system at the moments of 0h,0.5h,1h,1.5h,2h,3h,4h,6h,8h,12h,24h,36h and 48h after the electrolyte is injected, so as to obtain the integral ultrasonic signal intensity distribution in the battery under different electrolyte infiltration degrees, thereby obtaining the integral electrolyte infiltration information of the battery.
(3) Further, performing charge and discharge circulation on the battery placed for 48 hours at 1C, performing C-scan test on the battery after the 5 th circulation, the tenth circulation and the fifteenth circulation respectively to obtain an electrolyte infiltration overall distribution map inside the battery, and comparing the electrolyte infiltration overall distribution map with the ultrasonic imaging in the step (2) in which the electrolyte is not completely infiltrated.
Example 4, the following procedure was followed:
(1) Taking a 4.5mm lithium ion battery, carrying out charge and discharge tests on the battery by using a battery charge and discharge tester, respectively charging the battery to a cut-off voltage of 3.65V at a speed of 1C,2C,3C and 4C at an ambient temperature of 0 ℃,25 ℃ and 40 ℃, standing for 10 minutes, and then discharging to a cut-off voltage of 2.0V at 1C.
(2) Further, a 5MHz phased array probe is attached to the center position of the surface of the battery by a probe fixing device and is connected with a scanning device to perform C scanning test, the change of reflection images inside the battery is detected and recorded every 10 circles by a full-focusing three-dimensional phased array detection system, and the whole information of the battery can be obtained by distributing the intensity of ultrasonic signals of the whole inside the battery at different environmental temperatures and different current densities, so that the critical conditions of lithium analysis inside the battery at different environmental temperatures and different current densities are obtained, and the influence of different environmental temperatures and different current densities on the aging of the battery is evaluated.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, which illustrate three-dimensional imaging of a battery with internal defects and its corresponding ultrasound signal, this information of defects is visually obtained from fig. 4 according to the method proposed by the present invention.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the method for evaluating the state of a battery, a verification test may be further included, in which the battery is subjected to electrical, chemical, and material testing, data such as the state of charge, the state of health, and the remaining life are obtained more accurately, and these data are combined with the ultrasonic imaging data of the battery to be tested, so as to know the relationship between the ultrasonic imaging and the state of the battery more accurately, so that the method in the first embodiment is subsequently used to evaluate the internal state of health of the battery more accurately.
The system provided by the embodiment can simply, quickly and visually detect the states of the internal charge state, the health state, the lithium analysis, the gas production, the defect, the electrolyte infiltration and the like of the battery and judge the quality of the battery under the condition of not damaging the battery by fully focusing the three-dimensional phased array equipment. In addition, different from conventional C scanning, the phased array C scanning is short in time and high in precision, the whole battery can be scanned within several seconds, and the detection time and the detection precision are greatly improved.
The related technical solution is the same as the first embodiment, and is not described herein again.
Example four
A computer-readable storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the storage medium is controlled by a device to perform the method for acquiring the state of a lithium ion battery based on an ultrasound reflection image as described above.
The related technical solution is the same as the first embodiment, and is not described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for obtaining internal information of a lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling a phased array probe arranged on one side of a lithium ion battery to be detected to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning, and acquiring ultrasonic imaging of a region to be detected;
directly acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery according to the signal intensity in ultrasonic imaging;
when the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the area to be detected is obtained in the charge-discharge cycle process of the lithium ion battery, the current charge state of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity change trend of the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the two-dimensional imaging at any depth; judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or the current two-dimensional imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or two-dimensional imaging correspondingly; judging whether lithium analysis occurs or not according to whether an additional reflection image is generated in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging or not and the attenuation of the overall signal intensity; when the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging at any depth in the whole battery is obtained in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, the wettability condition of electrolyte in the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity in the two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, and the signal intensity is in direct proportion to the wettability; judging whether gas is produced or not according to whether the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging simultaneously has integral ultrasonic signal intensity attenuation, signal intensity gradually weakens from the surface to the inner direction and signal intensity of different positions of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth is different; and judging whether the defects exist according to whether additional reflection images are generated or partial reflection image deletion occurs in the acquired three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
2. The method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, wherein when the current state of charge of the battery is qualitatively judged according to the signal intensity variation trend of the two-dimensional imaging at any depth in the three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
when the change trend is fluctuation rising or fluctuation falling related to the electrode internal reaction process, the lithium ion battery is in a charging state charged with low current density, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation falling amplitude of the fluctuation rising or fluctuation falling exceed threshold values, the lithium ion battery is in a charging state charged with high current density, wherein the fluctuation rising or the fluctuation falling is related to the selected two-dimensional imaging;
when the change trend is fluctuation reduction or fluctuation rise related to the electrode internal reaction process, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery discharged at low current density is shown, and when the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation amplitude of the fluctuation reduction or fluctuation amplitude exceed threshold values, the current state of charge of the lithium ion battery discharged at high current density is shown;
when the change trend is that the signal disappears after the monotone increase and the monotone decrease on the basis of the rising of the fluctuation, or the signal disappears after the monotone decrease and the monotone increase on the basis of the falling of the fluctuation, the lithium ion battery is in the overcharged charge state currently;
when the change trend is that the signal disappears after the fluctuation is decreased in a monotonous manner, or the signal disappears after the fluctuation is increased in a monotonous manner, the lithium ion battery is in the over-discharge state.
3. The method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, further comprising:
controlling a scanning device to drive the phased array probe connected with the scanning device to move, and scanning the whole battery to obtain two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the whole battery at a certain depth;
and judging the cycle life of the battery according to the attenuation amplitude of the signal intensity of the current two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging compared with the signal intensity of the acquired historical two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging.
4. The method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two-dimensional imaging is a bottom wave image.
5. The method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery to be tested is placed in a thermostat before the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning; when the phased array probe is controlled to perform ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be detected in a contact mode, the method further comprises the following steps: and controlling a pressure sensor to monitor the contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected, so that the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be detected are kept consistent.
6. A method for estimating internal information of a lithium ion battery, comprising:
the internal information estimation and prediction are carried out based on a lithium ion battery model, wherein the lithium ion battery model is constructed based on the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A system for obtaining internal information of a lithium ion battery based on ultrasonic reflection images, comprising: the system comprises a phased array probe, a phased array test module, a probe fixing device and a processor;
the phased array probe is fixed by the probe fixing device and is used for carrying out ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested through the phased array testing module under the control of the processor;
the processor is used for executing the method for acquiring the internal information of the lithium ion battery based on the ultrasonic reflection image according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising an incubator configured to maintain a temperature of the lithium ion battery under test under control of the processor during the automatic ultrasonic scanning by the phased array probe.
9. The system according to claim 7, further comprising a pressure sensor, configured to monitor, under the control of the processor, contact pressure between the phased array probe and the lithium ion battery to be tested, so as to keep the same when the phased array probe performs ultrasonic automatic scanning on the lithium ion battery to be tested in a contact manner.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the apparatus on which the storage medium is located is controlled to perform the method for acquiring internal information of a lithium ion battery based on ultrasound reflection images according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and/or the method for estimating internal information of a lithium ion battery according to claim 6.
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