CN115290845A - Method for judging vermicular rate of vermicular cast iron - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vermicular cast iron vermicular rate determination, and discloses a method for determining the vermicular cast iron vermicular rate, which is used for obtaining the vermicular change capability of molten iron of each element in the molten iron; the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element is the product of the mole percentage of the element in the molten iron and a parameter of the creep change capability of the molten iron; and summing the creep change capacities of the molten iron of the elements, and dividing the sum by the mole percentage of the graphite in the molten iron to obtain the creep level of the molten iron. The method has the advantages of simple judgment and quantitative regulation and control, and can greatly improve the production efficiency of the vermicular cast iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vermicular cast iron vermicular rate determination, and particularly relates to a method for determining the vermicular cast iron vermicular rate.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The vermicular cast iron has excellent comprehensive performance in the aspects of heat conduction, mechanics and the like, and becomes the first choice material of a new generation of high-end casting parts such as a diesel engine. Compared with gray cast iron, the vermicular cast iron has higher tensile strength, fatigue strength and rigidity, and has better corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, toughness, impact resistance, smaller wall thickness sensitivity and the like; compared with nodular cast iron, the nodular cast iron has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, high heat conductivity and good casting performance. When the creep rate is higher, the performance is close to that of gray cast iron; when the creep rate is low, the performance is similar to that of nodular cast iron.
In production, a certain amount of spheroidizing elements are usually added into molten iron to enable the molten iron to have vermicular capability, namely within a certain range, the spheroidizing elements are called vermicular elements, and vermicular graphite with specified requirements is obtained through liquid state regulation of the molten iron. In addition, because the production technical requirements of the vermicular graphite cast iron are very strict, the vermicular graphite cast iron is generally determined by a thermal analysis method at present, regulation and control measures cannot be given, and the method has many limitations in practical application, so that the large-scale stable production is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for judging the vermicular cast iron vermicular rate, which has the advantages of simple judgment and regulation and quantification and can greatly improve the production efficiency of the vermicular cast iron.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for judging the vermicular rate of vermicular cast iron comprises the following steps:
obtaining the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron;
the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element is the product of the mole percentage of the element in the molten iron and a parameter of the creep change capability of the molten iron;
and summing the creep change capacities of the molten iron of the elements, and dividing the sum by the mole percentage of the graphite in the molten iron to obtain the creep level of the molten iron.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more of the embodiments of the invention described above are as follows:
the method has the advantages of simple judgment and quantitative regulation and control, and can greatly improve the production efficiency of the vermicular cast iron.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a physical model of first-principle simulation calculation of element adsorption energy, wherein a) is Etop ads A physical model top view; b) Is Etop ads A physical model side view; c) Is Eedge ads A physical model top view; d) Is Eedge ads Physical model side view.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
A method for judging the vermicular rate of vermicular cast iron comprises the following steps:
obtaining the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron;
the vermicular change capability of the iron liquid of each element is the product of the mole percentage of the element in the iron liquid and the vermicular change capability parameter of the iron liquid;
and summing the creep change capacities of the molten iron of the elements, and dividing the sum by the mole percentage of the graphite in the molten iron to obtain the creep level of the molten iron.
In some embodiments, the parameters of the creep change ability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron are respectively: mg-1.7; cu: -1.57; sr: -1.23; al: -1.02; ca: -0.98; y: -0.8; se: -0.14; sn: -0.11; la: -0.06; ni:0; bi:0.03; ce:0.07; be: 0.16; s:0.41; p:0.58; cr:0.58; sb:0.59; mo:0.62; b:0.68; th:0.79; pb: 0.87; as:0.92; mn:1.19; o:1.5; ti:2.02; v:2.36; re:2.62.
preferably, obtaining the parameter S of the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron x The method comprises the following steps of:
S x =Etop ads - Eedge ads +C
Etop ads eedge, which is the adsorption energy of the element on the (0001) plane of graphite ads The unit eV/atom is the adsorption energy of the element on the side of the graphite sheet. Etop with C as Ni element ads - Eedge ads The value of (3) was 8.3. Etop of each element therein ads And Eedge ads The method is obtained by simulation calculation of a first principle based on a density functional theory, and a physical model of the method is shown in figure 1, wherein gray solid spheres are carbon atoms, and solid spheres are atoms of elements to be solved.
In some embodiments, the mole percentage of each element is determined by direct-reading spectroscopy or chemical titration.
Because of the existence of systematic detection errors, in some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of performing regression model on a production detection system, and establishing the molten iron creep level V 1 And a step of correlating the creep rate V with the creep rate.
Preferably, when the instrument is replaced for detection, the creep level V of the molten iron is also detected 1 And correcting the corresponding relation with the creep rate V.
Further preferably, the method also comprises periodically vermicularizing the molten iron V 1 And calibrating the corresponding relation between the creep rate V and the reference value.
Further, the vermicular cast iron liquid is vermiculated at intervals of half a year by a level V 1 And calibrating the corresponding relation between the creep rate V and the reference value.
Example 1
Firstly, defining a creep capability parameter S x The capability of regulating and controlling the graphite structure form of the cast iron for a certain element to obtain the parameter S of the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron x The method is obtained by adopting the following formula:
S x =Etop ads - Eedge ads +C；
wherein Etop ads Is the adsorption energy of the element on the graphite (0001) surface; eedge ads The adsorption energy of the element on the side of the graphite sheet layer is unit eV/atom; etop with C as Ni element ads - Eedge ads Numerical values of (1), concretelyIt was 8.3. Etop of each element therein ads And Eedge ads The method is obtained by simulation calculation of a first principle based on a density functional theory, and a physical model of the method is shown in figure 1.
The obtained molten iron creep change capability parameter S of each element x The values of (A) are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Changing the creep of molten iron to change the capacity parameter S x Multiplying the mole percentage of the element in the iron liquid to be solved to obtain the creep change capability of the element to the iron liquid.
Detecting the mole percentage N of each element in the molten iron by using a direct-reading spectrometer x 。
The creep change capability of each element to the molten iron is summed, and the sum is divided by the mole percentage of graphite in the molten iron to obtain the creep level V of the molten iron l 。
Establishing molten iron vermicularizing level V by regression modeling of system to be produced l Primary correspondence with the creep rate V. It is verified that the replacement of the component measuring instrument requires the creep level V of molten iron due to the inherent deviation of the instrument l And correcting the corresponding relation of the creep rate V, wherein the step only needs to be carried out once at the beginning of system debugging and once calibration is carried out at intervals of half a year.
The actual data of the cylinder body of the vermicular cast iron engine of an enterprise are used for verification:
establishing molten iron creep level V using Table 2 l Primary correspondence with the creep rate V.
TABLE 2 iron liquid creep level-creep rate relation model related data
The model of the creep rate and the molten iron creep level is obtained finally as follows:
the mole percentage of elements used in the process of establishing the relation model is detected by a direct-reading laboratory spectrometer, and the process fully proves the vermicular graphite level V of molten iron l Has a primary correspondence with the creep rate V.
The data required by the verification is obtained by the direct-reading spectrometer, so the verification can be carried out after the relation model is corrected according to the field data. The calculation formula of the creep rate and the creep level of the molten iron after correction according to actual production data is as follows:
the verification is carried out by ten groups of data actually produced, and the verification result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 iron liquid creep level-creep rate relation model data verification
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1, except that: the other production line of the vermicular cast iron engine cylinder block is adopted, the vermicular rate is automatically detected (non-integer value), and the determination method of the content of each element is a chemical titration method.
The calculation formula of the creep rate and the creep level of molten iron after correction according to the actual production data of the production line is as follows
The verification is carried out by ten groups of data actually produced, and the verification result is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 iron liquid creep level-creep rate relation model data verification
Example 3
This example is the same as example 2, except that: the vermicular cast iron engine cylinder cover production line is adopted, fourteen groups of data in actual production are verified, the measuring method of each element content is direct-reading spectrometer measurement, and the verification results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 iron liquid creep level-creep rate relation model data verification
* Note: the errors are all less than 2 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the creep rate of vermicular cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron;
the vermicular change capability of the iron liquid of each element is the product of the mole percentage of the element in the iron liquid and the vermicular change capability parameter of the iron liquid;
and summing the creep change capacities of the iron liquid of all the elements, and dividing the sum by the mole percentage of graphite in the iron liquid to obtain the creep level of the iron liquid.
2. The method for determining the creep rate of compacted graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron are respectively as follows: mg-1.7; cu: -1.57; sr: -1.23; al: -1.02; ca: -0.98; y: -0.8; se: -0.14; sn: -0.11; la: -0.06; ni:0; bi:0.03; ce:0.07; be: 0.16; s:0.41; p:0.58; cr:0.58; sb:0.59; mo:0.62; b:0.68; th:0.79; pb: 0.87; as:0.92; mn:1.19; o:1.5; ti:2.02; v:2.36; re:2.62.
3. the method for determining the creep rate of compacted graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein: obtaining the parameters S of the creep change capability of the molten iron of each element in the molten iron x The method comprises the following steps of:
S x =Etop ads - Eedge ads +C；
Etop ads is the adsorption energy of the element on the graphite (0001) surface; eedge ads The adsorption energy of the element on the side of the graphite sheet layer is unit eV/atom; etop with C as Ni element ads - Eedge ads The value of (b), in particular 8.3;
etop of each element therein ads And Eedge ads Is obtained by simulation calculation of a first principle based on a density functional theory.
4. The method for determining the creep rate of compacted graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein: the mole percentage of each element is determined by direct-reading spectrometry or chemical titration.
5. The method for determining a creep deformation ratio of a vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the steps of making a regression model for a production detection system and establishing a molten iron vermicularizing level V 1 And a step of correlating the creep rate V with the creep rate.
6. The method for determining the creep rate of compacted graphite cast iron according to claim 5, wherein: when the detecting instrument is replaced, the creep level V of molten iron is also included 1 And correcting the corresponding relation with the creep rate V.
7. The vermicular cast iron of claim 5The method for judging the creep rate of iron is characterized by comprising the following steps: also comprises periodically creeping level V to the molten iron 1 And calibrating the corresponding relation between the creep rate V and the reference value.
8. The method for determining the creep rate of compacted graphite cast iron according to claim 7, wherein: vermicular level V of molten iron every other half year 1 And calibrating the corresponding relation between the creep rate V and the reference value.
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| CN116046837A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-05-02 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Vermicular rate determination method, device and equipment for vermicular cast iron molten iron |
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Cited By (1)
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