CN115290211B - Transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on optical fiber sensing technology - Google Patents
Transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on optical fiber sensing technology Download PDFInfo
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
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- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
Abstract
The invention discloses a power transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber sensing technology, which comprises the steps of deploying a temperature sensing unit on a measured line, and collecting the environment temperature of the measured line through the temperature sensing unit; correcting the ambient temperature of the tested line, and calculating the deviation between the corrected temperature and the actual temperature; establishing a target function according to the deviation, solving the optimal solution of the target function, performing secondary correction, and outputting a final temperature measurement result; according to the invention, through designing the temperature sensing unit, the accuracy of power transmission line temperature detection is improved, and meanwhile, through combining a pole allocation algorithm and a whale algorithm, the temperature measurement accuracy is further improved, and the external interference is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to a transmission line environment temperature measurement method based on an optical fiber sensing technology.
Background
In power transmission, because the transmission distance is long, the operation environment is complex, various faults can be frequently encountered, and the safe and stable operation problem of the high-voltage transmission line always occupies an important position. In addition to the influence of human factors on the high-voltage transmission line, environmental factors such as wind, rain, thunder, lightning, ice disaster, snow disaster and the like are also important tests on the high-voltage transmission line. Particularly, in 2008, in large-scale snow disaster weather in the whole country, a large amount of ice is coated on a power transmission line, so that a power transmission tower collapses, a lead is broken by pressure, large-scale power failure is caused, and great economic loss is brought to the country. On the other hand, when a short-circuit fault occurs, the high-voltage transmission line OPGW is subjected to strong short-circuit current impact, and the temperature of the optical cable rapidly rises. When the temperature exceeds a certain value, the performance of the optical fiber is damaged, the signal attenuation is increased, the service life of the optical cable is shortened, and communication interruption can be caused in severe cases to influence the normal operation of a power system.
Therefore, in order to improve the safety and reliability of the power system, it is necessary to monitor the thermal performance of the high voltage power transmission line and improve the thermal stability of the power transmission line.
High-voltage transmission lines, especially optical fiber composite overhead lines, are more and more widely applied in China, and the requirement of power grid monitoring cannot be met by manual inspection. At present, the existing power line temperature monitoring methods comprise direct measurement of a power line surface thermometer and infrared diagnosis and temperature measurement technologies. The methods are based on electrical point type measurement, are easily interfered by severe environment and strong electromagnetism of a high-voltage transmission line, and have low monitoring sensitivity and accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to solve the problems that the existing measurement based on the electrical point mode is easily interfered by severe environment and strong electromagnetism of a high-voltage transmission line, and the monitoring sensitivity and accuracy are not high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a power transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber sensing technology, which comprises the following steps:
deploying a temperature sensing unit on a measured line, and collecting the ambient temperature of the measured line through the temperature sensing unit;
correcting the environmental temperature of the measured line, and calculating the deviation between the corrected temperature and the actual temperature;
and establishing an objective function according to the deviation, solving the optimal solution of the objective function, performing secondary correction, and outputting a final temperature measurement result.
Further, the temperature sensing unit includes: the device comprises a control circuit, an MEMS sensor, a connecting optical fiber and a demodulator;
wherein, the connecting optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber.
Further, comprising:
the MEMS sensor acquires the ambient temperature of a detected line through optical fibers in the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire;
the MEMS sensor consists of a sensing part, an optical fiber collimator and an optical fiber, wherein the sensing part comprises a silicon wafer, an F-P resonant cavity and glass;
wherein, the silicon chip and the glass form a sensing head based on an F-P cavity through anodic bonding.
Further, the control circuit includes: quartz crystal oscillator, transformer and matching capacitor;
a single-pole double-throw switch is arranged in a primary loop of the transformer, different oscillations occur between an inductor and a capacitor when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched on and off, and a first signal and a second signal are correspondingly generated so as to control the operation state of the MEMS sensor;
the quartz crystal oscillator is connected with the matching capacitor, and the matching capacitor is charged and discharged rapidly through the quartz crystal oscillator to provide a power supply for the control circuit.
Further, comprising:
the demodulator adopts an amplified self-radiation light source as a laser source, and the spectral range is 1529-1564nm;
the demodulator is connected with the MEMS sensor through a connecting optical fiber.
Further, the correcting the ambient temperature of the measured line specifically includes:
inputting the environmental temperature of the tested line into a parameter estimator, obtaining a parameter estimation value by the parameter estimator through a Bayesian estimation strategy, and sending the parameter estimation value to a controller;
and designing a controller by using a pole allocation algorithm, and correcting the ambient temperature of the tested line by the controller according to the parameter estimation value.
Further, the transfer function of the controller is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to achieve the gain,
is the constant of the time of inertia,
in order to delay the time constant of the time,
to expect a characteristic polynomial of a closed loop system,
in order to expect the characteristic values of the closed-loop system,
the number of the pole points.
Further, the objective function is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the corrected temperature, the temperature of the liquid crystal display device,
is the actual temperature of the molten steel and is,
is an error factor.
Further, solving the optimal solution of the objective function specifically includes:
taking the error factors as whale individuals, and initializing the whale individual number and the maximum iteration number;
generating whale individuals through floating-point number coding, then performing chaotic iteration on the whale individuals for a plurality of times to obtain an initial population, and calculating the fitness of the initial whale population;
updating the position of the whale population, adding random disturbance, calculating the fitness of the whale population at the moment, and selecting an optimal individual according to the fitness;
and judging whether the maximum iteration times is reached, and stopping running if the maximum iteration times is reached to obtain an optimal solution.
Further, the expression of the random disturbance is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to be able to make the coefficients of the perturbations,
the number of times of the current iteration is,
、
are respectively as
The maximum value and the minimum value of (c),
is the maximum number of iterations.
In summary, the present invention provides a transmission line ambient temperature measurement method based on an optical fiber sensing technology, which includes obtaining an ambient temperature of a transmission line by using a temperature sensing unit, then, after correcting the ambient temperature, establishing a target function by using a corrected temperature difference, obtaining an optimal solution, and then, performing secondary correction to obtain a final transmission line ambient temperature. According to the method, the temperature sensing unit is used for obtaining the environmental temperature of the power transmission line, the target function is established to obtain the optimal solution, and the accurate environmental temperature value of the power transmission line is obtained in a correction mode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring an ambient temperature of a power transmission line based on an optical fiber sensing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a MEMS sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In power transmission, because the transmission distance is long, the operation environment is complex, various faults can be frequently encountered, and the safe and stable operation problem of the high-voltage transmission line always occupies an important position. In addition to the influence of human factors on the high-voltage transmission line, environmental factors such as wind, rain, thunder, lightning, ice disasters and snow disasters are also important tests on the high-voltage transmission line. Particularly, in 2008, in large-scale snow disaster weather in the whole country, a large amount of ice is coated on a transmission line, so that a transmission tower collapses, a lead is broken by pressing, large-scale power failure is caused, and great economic loss is brought to the country. On the other hand, when a short-circuit fault occurs, the high-voltage transmission line OPGW is impacted by a strong short-circuit current, and the temperature of the optical cable rapidly rises. When the temperature exceeds a certain value, the performance of the optical fiber is damaged, the signal attenuation is increased, the service life of the optical cable is shortened, and communication interruption can be caused in severe cases to influence the normal operation of a power system.
Therefore, in order to improve the safety and reliability of the power system, it is necessary to monitor the thermal performance of the high voltage power transmission line and improve the thermal stability of the power transmission line.
High-voltage transmission lines, especially optical fiber composite overhead lines, are more and more widely applied in China, and the requirement of power grid monitoring cannot be met by manual inspection. At present, the existing power line temperature monitoring methods comprise direct measurement of a power line surface thermometer and infrared diagnosis and temperature measurement technologies. The methods are based on electrical point type measurement, are easily interfered by severe environment and strong electromagnetism of a high-voltage transmission line, and have low monitoring sensitivity and accuracy.
Based on the method, the invention provides a transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber sensing technology.
The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the method for measuring the ambient temperature of the power transmission line based on the optical fiber sensing technology.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring an ambient temperature of a power transmission line based on an optical fiber sensing technology, including:
s100: the temperature sensing unit is deployed on a measured line, and the ambient temperature of the measured line is collected through the temperature sensing unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature sensing unit includes a control circuit, a MEMS sensor, a connection fiber, and a demodulator. Specifically, the environment temperature of the measured line is collected through the MEMS sensor, the operation state of the MEMS sensor is controlled through the control circuit, and the MEMS sensor is demodulated through the demodulator.
The MEMS sensor collects the ambient temperature of the measured line through the optical fiber in the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire; referring to fig. 3, the mems sensor is composed of a sensing part, a fiber collimator, and an optical fiber, wherein the sensing part includes a silicon chip, an F-P resonant cavity, and Pyrex7740 glass.
Wherein, the silicon chip and the glass form a sensing head based on an F-P cavity through anodic bonding; specifically, a layer of silicon dioxide is oxidized on the two sides of a cleaned silicon wafer, and then a layer of silicon nitride is deposited on the two sides, wherein the silicon nitride Deposition is carried out by using a Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD-Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) process and is characterized by having good KOH corrosion resistance; selectively removing silicon dioxide and silicon nitride on the top surface of the silicon wafer by utilizing a photoetching technology and a reactive ion etching technology; preparing a cavity on the bottom surface of the silicon wafer by combining the photoetching technology with the wet etching technology, and constructing a groove structure on the top surface of the silicon wafer to reduce the thickness of the silicon diaphragm; sputtering a gold film in the cavity on the bottom surface of the silicon wafer by using a vacuum sputtering coating technology to achieve the purpose of improving the reflectivity; then removing silicon dioxide and silicon nitride on the surface of the silicon wafer; finally, the silicon chip and the silicon boron glass are bonded together by anode bonding process under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, vacuum, pressure and the like to form the sensing head.
Referring to fig. 2, the control circuit includes a quartz crystal oscillator CO, a transformer, and a matching capacitor C; the transformer comprises a mutual inductor M (composed of inductors L1 and L2), resistors R1 and R2, power supplies V and V0 and a capacitor C1, a single-pole double-throw switch S is arranged in a primary loop of the transformer, different oscillations occur between the inductor and the capacitor when the single-pole double-throw switch S is switched on and off, and a first signal and a second signal are correspondingly generated to control the running state of the MEMS sensor, namely when the MEMS sensor receives the first signal, the MEMS sensor starts to run; and when the MEMS sensor receives the second signal, the operation is stopped.
The quartz crystal oscillator is connected with the matching capacitor, and the matching capacitor is rapidly charged and discharged through the quartz crystal oscillator to provide a power supply for the control circuit; preferably, the quartz crystal oscillator has the advantages of high Q value, small size and the like, and the embodiment adds the quartz crystal oscillator into the control circuit, so that the Q value of the circuit can be improved, and a rectifying circuit and a complex control circuit are omitted.
The demodulator mainly detects the spectrum change of the light returned by the MEMS sensor after emitting a laser source; generally, the method can be divided into three types of light intensity modulation, wavelength modulation and phase modulation, and different demodulation technologies are matched according to different precision requirements and different sensor principles; in the embodiment, an amplified self-radiation light source is used as a laser source, and the spectral range is 1529-1564nm; the MEMS sensor is connected with the MEMS sensor through a connecting optical fiber; wherein, the connecting optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber.
S200: and correcting the ambient temperature of the measured line, and calculating the deviation of the corrected temperature and the actual temperature.
The step of correcting the temperature of the environment of the measured line specifically comprises the following steps:
s201: and inputting the environmental temperature of the measured line into a parameter estimator, obtaining a parameter estimation value by the parameter estimator through a Bayesian estimation strategy, and sending the parameter estimation value to a controller.
That is, data of t time period is randomly selected, and a probability density p (x) and a conditional probability density p (z | x) are constructed, wherein z is random measurement data.
Using a bayesian formula, a posterior distribution function p (x | z) of x is calculated, and a parameter estimation value W = argmax { p (x | z) }isobtained.
Where the posterior distribution function p (x | z) of x is:
s202: and designing a controller by using a pole allocation algorithm, and correcting the ambient temperature of the measured line by the controller according to the parameter estimation value.
Wherein, the transfer function of the controller is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the gain of the gain,
is the constant of the time of inertia,
in order to delay the time constant of the time,
to expect a characteristic polynomial of a closed loop system,
in order to expect the characteristic values of the closed-loop system,
the number of the pole points.
S203: calculating the deviation
。
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in order to obtain the corrected temperature, the temperature of the liquid crystal display device,
is the actual temperature.
S300: and establishing an objective function according to the deviation, solving the optimal solution of the objective function, performing secondary correction, and outputting a final temperature measurement result.
The established objective function is specifically as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to achieve the corrected temperature, the temperature,
as the actual temperature, the temperature of the gas,
is an error factor.
The process of solving the optimal solution of the objective function is as follows:
s301: error factor
And (5) as whale individuals, initializing the whale individual number and the maximum iteration number T.
S302: whale individuals are generated through floating-point number coding, then the whale individuals are subjected to chaotic iteration for a plurality of times, an initial population is obtained, and the fitness of the initial whale population is calculated.
S303: and updating the positions of the whale populations, adding random disturbance, calculating the fitness of the whale populations at the moment, and selecting the optimal individuals according to the fitness.
Wherein the expression of the optimal perturbation is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to be able to make the coefficients of the perturbations,
for the current number of iterations,
、
are respectively as
The maximum value and the minimum value of (c),
is the maximum number of iterations.
S304: and judging whether the maximum iteration times is reached, and stopping running if the maximum iteration times is reached to obtain an optimal solution.
The embodiment provides a transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber sensing technology, which includes the steps of obtaining environment temperature of a transmission line by a temperature sensing unit, then establishing a target function by using a corrected temperature difference after correcting the environment temperature, obtaining an optimal solution, and obtaining final transmission line environment temperature after carrying out secondary correction. According to the embodiment, the accuracy of the temperature detection of the power transmission line is improved by designing the temperature sensing unit, and meanwhile, the temperature measurement accuracy is further improved and the external interference is reduced by combining the pole configuration algorithm and the whale algorithm. The method does not depend on direct electrical point type measurement, can avoid interference of severe environment and strong electromagnetism of the high-voltage transmission line, and has high monitoring sensitivity and accuracy.
The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the method for measuring the environmental temperature of the power transmission line based on the optical fiber sensing technology, and the technical effects of the invention will be verified and explained below.
The traditional technical scheme is based on the measurement of electricity point type, easily receives adverse circumstances and the strong electromagnetic interference of high tension transmission line, and monitoring sensitivity is not high.
In order to verify that the method has higher measurement accuracy compared with the conventional technical scheme, the conventional technical scheme and the method are adopted to respectively measure and compare the temperature of the power transmission line environment in real time in the embodiment, and the results are shown in the following table.
Table 1: measurement results
As can be seen from the table I, the temperature measured by adopting the traditional technical scheme has a certain error with the actual temperature, the error is between 0.1 and 4.6 ℃, and the method greatly reduces the measurement error, and the error range is between 0.1 and 0.3 ℃.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A transmission line environment temperature measuring method based on an optical fiber sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
deploying a temperature sensing unit on a detected line, and acquiring the ambient temperature of the detected line through the temperature sensing unit;
correcting the ambient temperature of the measured line, and calculating the deviation between the corrected temperature and the actual temperature, wherein the correcting the ambient temperature of the measured line specifically comprises:
inputting the environmental temperature of the measured line into a parameter estimator, wherein the parameter estimator obtains a parameter estimation value through a Bayesian estimation strategy and sends the parameter estimation value to a controller;
designing the controller by using a pole allocation algorithm, and correcting the ambient temperature of the tested line by the controller according to the parameter estimation value;
establishing an objective function according to the deviation, solving the optimal solution of the objective function, performing secondary correction, and outputting a final temperature measurement result, wherein the objective function is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to achieve the corrected temperature, the temperature,
is the actual temperature of the molten steel and is,
is an error factor;
the solving of the optimal solution of the objective function specifically includes:
taking the error factors as whale individuals, and initializing the whale individual number and the maximum iteration number;
generating whale individuals through floating-point number coding, then performing chaotic iteration on the whale individuals for a plurality of times to obtain an initial population, and calculating the fitness of the initial whale population;
updating the position of the whale population, adding random disturbance, calculating the fitness of the whale population at the moment, and selecting an optimal individual according to the fitness;
judging whether the maximum iteration times is reached, and stopping running if the maximum iteration times is reached to obtain an optimal solution;
the temperature sensing unit includes: the MEMS sensor is connected with the control circuit through the connecting optical fiber;
wherein the connecting optical fiber is a single mode optical fiber;
the control circuit includes: quartz crystal oscillator, transformer and matching capacitor;
the primary circuit of the transformer is provided with a single-pole double-throw switch, when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched on and switched off, different oscillations occur between an inductor and a capacitor, and a first signal and a second signal are correspondingly generated so as to control the operation state of the MEMS sensor;
the quartz crystal oscillator is connected with the matching capacitor, and the matching capacitor is rapidly charged and discharged through the quartz crystal oscillator to provide a power supply for the control circuit;
the transfer function of the controller is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to achieve the gain,
is the constant of the time of inertia,
in order to delay the time constant of the time,
to expect a characteristic polynomial of a closed-loop system,
in order to expect the characteristic value of the closed-loop system,
the number of the pole points.
2. The method for measuring the environmental temperature of the power transmission line based on the optical fiber sensing technology as recited in claim 1, comprising:
the MEMS sensor acquires the ambient temperature of the measured line through optical fibers in the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire;
the MEMS sensor consists of a sensing part, an optical fiber collimator and an optical fiber, wherein the sensing part comprises a silicon wafer, an F-P resonant cavity and glass;
wherein the silicon chip and the glass form the sensing head based on the F-P cavity through anodic bonding.
3. The method for measuring the environmental temperature of the power transmission line based on the optical fiber sensing technology as recited in claim 1, comprising:
the demodulator adopts an amplified self-radiation light source as a laser source, and the spectral range is 1529-1564nm;
the demodulator is connected with the MEMS sensor through the connecting optical fiber.
4. The method for measuring the environmental temperature of the transmission line based on the optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the random disturbance is specifically as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to be a coefficient of the disturbance,
for the current number of iterations,
、
are respectively as
The maximum value and the minimum value of (c),
is the maximum number of iterations.
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