CN115288013A - Collision protection device, bridge and construction method of bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a collision protection device, a bridge and a construction method of the bridge, wherein the collision protection device is at least arranged in an expansion joint between two adjacent main beams of the bridge and comprises a shell and a buffer piece, the shell is provided with a buffer cavity, the two ends of the shell in the extending direction are connected with the main beams in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the buffer piece is arranged in the buffer cavity, and the buffer piece can be extended along the extending direction of the shell. The collision protection device of the embodiment of the application can reduce the collision damage risk of the main beam.

Description

Collision protection device, bridge and construction method of bridge

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of bridge safety protection equipment, in particular to a collision protection device, a bridge and a construction method of the bridge.

Background

Expansion joints are generally used for connecting adjacent bridges. In order to ensure smooth driving, the clearance of the expansion joint is only ten centimeters, so that the collision between adjacent main beams at the expansion joint cannot be completely avoided under the action of strong shock. When a destructive earthquake occurs, displacement damage is very common in bridge superstructures, which generally occur at expansion joints, often manifested as longitudinal displacement, transverse displacement and torsional displacement of the superstructures. These displacements are likely to cause collisions in the bridge superstructure, typical collisions being: collisions between adjacent cross-superstructures, collisions between the superstructure and the abutment, and collisions between adjacent bridges, which may cause considerable damage and even collapse of the bridge structure.

To mitigate the impact damage between adjacent superstructures, adjusting the gap size of the bridge expansion joints is a simple and natural method, but increasing the gap interferes with the deck traffic, while decreasing the gap affects the function of the expansion joints. With the development of structural control technology, in the related art, the collision of the bridge in the earthquake is relieved through a viscous damper, a crushing device and an impact transmission device.

However, due to the stiffness of the device, when a collision occurs between the main beams, the device has a limited ability to absorb collision energy, so that most of the collision force needs to be transmitted to the main beams, and the main beams still have a large risk of collision damage.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, a main object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a collision protection device, a bridge, and a construction method of the bridge, which can reduce the risk of collision damage to a main beam.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

the first aspect of the embodiment of this application provides an impact protection device, and impact protection device sets up at least in the expansion joint between two adjacent girders of bridge, includes:

the shell is provided with a buffer cavity, and two ends of the shell along the extension direction are correspondingly connected with the main beams one by one;

the buffer piece is arranged in the buffer cavity and can stretch along the extending direction of the shell.

In one embodiment, the buffer member is a buffer plate; and/or the buffer piece is made of steel; and/or the buffer piece is of an integrally formed structure.

In one embodiment, the buffer plate has a plurality of expansion parts arranged along the extending direction of the housing, each expansion part includes two expansion sub-plates arranged along the extending direction of the housing, and the expansion part has a compressed state in which the two expansion sub-plates are close to each other and an extended state in which the two expansion sub-plates are away from each other.

In one embodiment, the collision protection device comprises a plurality of buffer plates arranged at intervals along the transverse direction of the shell, and at least two adjacent buffer plates are symmetrically arranged; or the like, or a combination thereof,

a telescopic space is formed between the two telescopic sub-boards of each telescopic part, and the telescopic part of at least one buffer board correspondingly extends into the telescopic space of the other adjacent buffer board one by one.

In one embodiment, the telescopic part comprises a connection sub-board, the connection sub-board is connected with two telescopic sub-boards, and at least one of the connection sub-board and the telescopic sub-board is a flat plate; or the like, or a combination thereof,

the retractable daughter board is a curved plate.

In one embodiment, the collision protection device comprises a buffer solution stored in the buffer chamber, the housing is provided with an air outlet, and the buffer chamber is communicated with the outside through the air outlet.

In one embodiment, the buffer member is provided with a liquid through hole; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the buffer piece is a buffer plate, and the surface of the buffer plate is vertically arranged; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,

the buffer solution is an oily liquid.

In one embodiment, the buffer chamber comprises a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber located at the top of the first sub-chamber, the first sub-chamber is communicated with the second sub-chamber, the second sub-chamber is communicated with the outside through the air outlet, and the buffer solution is stored in the first sub-chamber.

In one embodiment, the collision protection device further comprises a partition plate having a through hole, the partition plate is disposed in the buffer chamber to divide the buffer chamber into the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber, and the first sub-chamber is communicated with the second sub-chamber through the through hole.

In one embodiment, the buffer is disposed in the first subcavity.

In one embodiment, the collision protection device further comprises a flow guide pipe, wherein the flow guide pipe is arranged at the through hole, and one end of the flow guide pipe extends into the buffer solution.

The embodiment of the application provides a bridge in the second aspect, including a plurality of adjacent girders and the aforesaid collision protection device, two adjacent be provided with respectively in the expansion joint between the girder collision protection device.

A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a bridge construction method, which is used for the above bridge, and the construction method includes:

determining the size of the collision protection device according to the size of the expansion joint;

machining the collision protection device according to the determined size of the collision protection device;

and pouring the main beam, and fixing the collision protection device in the expansion joint.

In one embodiment, the impact protection device further comprises a buffer solution, and after the impact protection device is fixed between two adjacent main beams, the construction method further comprises:

and filling the buffer solution into the buffer cavity, wherein the filling amount of the buffer solution is less than the volume of the buffer cavity.

The embodiment of the application provides a collision protection device, a bridge and a construction method of the bridge, wherein the collision protection device is at least arranged in an expansion joint between two adjacent main beams of the bridge, the collision protection device comprises a shell with a buffer cavity and a buffer piece arranged in the buffer cavity, and the buffer piece can stretch along the extension direction of the shell. From this, the bolster can offset the impact that comes from the girder through the elasticity that flexible deformation produced to make the energy that produces when bumping between the absorption girder that collision protection device can be better, can avoid most impact directly to be born by the girder, thereby reduce the striking damage risk of girder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a crash protection device and main beam configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the crash protection device being shown in cross-section;

FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the buffer plate shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the expansion portion of the buffer plate shown in FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a flowchart of a bridge construction method according to another embodiment of the present application.

Description of the reference numerals

A collision protection device 10; a housing 11; a buffer chamber 11a; a first subcavity 11aa; a second subcavity 11ab; an air outlet hole 11b; a buffer plate 12; a liquid passing hole 12a; a stretchable portion 121; a retractable daughter board 1211; a telescopic space 1211a; a connection daughter board 1212; a buffer solution 13; a partition 14; a through hole 14a; a draft tube 15; a main beam 20; the expansion joint 20a.

Detailed Description

In this application, the "top," bottom, "vertical," and "direction of extension" orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in FIG. 1, and the "lateral" orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that such directional terms are merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the present application.

An embodiment of the present application provides a collision protection device 10, please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 4, the collision protection device 10 is at least disposed in an expansion joint 20a between two adjacent main beams 20 of a bridge, and includes a housing 11 and a buffer member, the housing 11 has a buffer cavity 11a, two ends of the housing 11 along an extending direction are connected with the main beams 20 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the buffer member is disposed in the buffer cavity 11a and can extend and retract along the extending direction of the housing 11.

Referring to fig. 1, the bridge according to another embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of adjacent main beams 20 and the collision protection device 10 according to the embodiment of the present application, and the collision protection device 10 is respectively disposed in expansion joints 20a between two adjacent main beams 20.

The collision protection device 10 of the present application can be used for various bridges, such as various long-span bridges.

The crash protection device 10 may be disposed in an expansion joint 20a between two adjacent main beams 20 of a bridge. Of course, the impact protection device 10 may be disposed between other adjacent structures in the bridge where there is an impact event, depending on the actual situation. Such as between adjacent spanning superstructures, between a superstructure and an abutment, and between adjacent bridges. For convenience of description, the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the expansion joint 20a of the collision protection device 10 between two adjacent main beams 20 of the bridge as an example.

Specifically, two adjacent main beams 20 collide under the action of external force, the main beams 20 press against the housing 11 to generate compression deformation of the buffer, so that the kinetic energy from the main beams 20 can be at least partially converted into elastic potential energy of the buffer, and the compressed buffer can generate a reaction force on the main beams 20 through the housing 11 to offset at least part of the impact force between the main beams 20. Therefore, the buffer piece can play a role in buffering the collision of the adjacent main beams 20 through expansion and contraction.

It should be noted that the buffer member may be a buffer plate 12, or may also be a high-strength spring or other structure capable of deforming in a telescopic manner, and the specific type and processing technique thereof may also be selected according to the actual situation, for example, the material of the buffer member is steel. As another example, the buffer member is formed by integrally forming.

Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for constructing a bridge, which is used for the above bridge, and please refer to fig. 7, the method includes:

s1: the size of the collision protection apparatus 10 is determined according to the size of the expansion joint 20a.

S2: the impact protection device 10 is machined according to the determined dimensions of the impact protection device 10.

S3: the main beam 20 is poured, and the collision protection device 10 is fixed in the expansion joint 20a.

Specifically, other structures such as a support are arranged between two adjacent main girders 20 of the bridge besides the expansion joints 20a, so that each size data of the collision protection device 10 needs to be determined according to the size such as the length, the width and the depth of the expansion joints 20a, so as to ensure that the collision protection device 10 is matched with the expansion joints 20a.

The collision protection apparatus 10 needs to be fixed in the expansion joint 20a between two adjacent main beams 20 while the main beams 20 are cast in place or prefabricated. Thus, the mounting of the collision protection apparatus 10 can be facilitated, while the stability of the connection between the collision protection apparatus 10 and the main beam 20 can be improved.

The collision protection device 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is at least arranged in an expansion joint 20a between two adjacent main beams 20 of a bridge, and the collision protection device 10 comprises a shell 11 with a buffer cavity 11a and a buffer piece arranged in the buffer cavity 11a, wherein the buffer piece can extend and retract along the extension direction of the shell 11. Therefore, the buffer part can counteract the impact force from the main beams 20 through the elastic force generated by the telescopic deformation, so that the collision protection device 10 can better absorb the energy generated when the main beams 20 collide with each other, most of the impact force can be avoided being directly borne by the main beams 20, and the risk of collision damage of the main beams 20 is reduced.

To further absorb the energy of the impact, the impact force from the main beam 20 can also be counteracted by providing a damping fluid 13 or other damping means.

For example, referring to fig. 1, the collision protection apparatus 10 includes a buffer liquid 13 stored in a buffer chamber 11a, and the housing 11 has an air outlet hole 11b, and the buffer chamber 11a communicates with the outside through the air outlet hole 11 b.

Specifically, the buffer liquid 13 is added to the buffer cavity 11a, so that when the collision protection device 10 is pressed by the main beam 20, in addition to absorbing the kinetic energy from the main beam 20 through the compression of the buffer liquid, part of the kinetic energy of the main beam 20 can be converted into the kinetic energy of the flow of the buffer liquid 13 through the flow of the buffer liquid 13 in the buffer cavity 11a, so as to further reduce the risk of collision damage to the main beam 20.

It should be noted that, in the collision process of the main beam 20, the air outlet 11b of the housing 11 can balance the air pressure between the buffer cavity 11a and the outside through the air flow between the buffer cavity 11a and the outside, so as to prevent the collision protection device 10 from being damaged due to too high air pressure in the buffer cavity 11 a.

The buffer liquid 13 is a liquid for buffering the main beams 20 from colliding with each other, for example, the buffer liquid is an oily liquid, and has a certain viscosity, so that the buffer liquid 13 can absorb more kinetic energy of the main beams 20 in the process of flowing in the buffer cavity 11 a.

In one embodiment, after the collision protection device 10 is fixed between two adjacent main beams 20, the construction method further includes filling the buffer chamber 11a with a buffer solution 13, wherein the filling amount of the buffer solution 13 is smaller than the volume of the buffer chamber 11 a.

It should be noted that the buffer chamber 11a cannot be filled with the buffer solution 13, so as to avoid that the buffer solution 13 cannot flow after the buffer chamber 11a stores too much buffer solution 13, and thus the effect of absorbing kinetic energy cannot be achieved.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the buffer member has a liquid passing hole 12a. I.e. channels are provided in the buffer elements for allowing the passage of the buffer fluid 13. The setting of crossing liquid hole 12a makes the bolster can not stop the flow of buffer solution 13 in cushion chamber 11a completely on the one hand, and on the other hand can make buffer solution 13 pass through the in-process of crossing liquid hole 12a under the exogenic action, can absorb a large amount of kinetic energy that girder 20 collided, can further improve buffering effect.

In an embodiment, the buffer member is a buffer plate 12, a plurality of liquid passing holes 12a are formed in a plate surface of the buffer plate 12, and in the process of extending and retracting the buffer plate 12, the buffer liquid 13 in the buffer cavity 11a flows between the buffer plates 12 through the liquid passing holes 12a to absorb the kinetic energy of the main beam 20.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the buffer is a buffer plate 12, and a plate surface of the buffer plate 12 is disposed vertically. That is, the plate surface of the buffer plate 12 is vertical, and the projection of the buffer plate 12 on the horizontal plane along the vertical direction is a linear structure. Therefore, when the collision protection device 10 is pressed by the main beam 20, the buffer material can be prevented from excessively hindering the rise of the liquid surface of the buffer liquid 13, and the problem that the buffer material is easily damaged when the buffer material plate surface is horizontally or is not vertically arranged can be prevented.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 4-6, the buffering member is a buffering plate 12, the buffering plate 12 has a plurality of expansion parts 121 arranged along the extending direction of the housing 11, each expansion part 121 includes two expansion sub-plates 1211 disposed along the extending direction of the housing 11, and the expansion part 121 has a compressed state in which the two expansion sub-plates 1211 are close to each other and an extended state in which the two expansion sub-plates 1211 are away from each other.

Specifically, the buffer plate 12 is extended and contracted by the expansion parts 121 under the action of external force to achieve the purpose of buffering, and the adjacent expansion parts 121 may be arranged at intervals or continuously. When external force is applied to the two main girders 20 of the bridge, the sub-telescopic plates 1211 of the same telescopic part 121 approach each other, and the elastic force generated by the telescopic part 121 increases to cancel the external force applied to the main girders 20, so that the telescopic part 121 is compressed. When the external force from the two main beams 20 of the bridge is smaller than the elastic force generated by the expansion parts 121, the expansion sub-plates 1211 of the same expansion part 121 are separated from each other, and the expansion part 121 is in an expanded state. Therefore, external force from the main beam 20 of the bridge can be counteracted at least partially through the relative movement between the telescopic sub-plates 1211, so that the risk of impact damage to the main beam 20 is reduced.

When the collision protection apparatus 10 includes a plurality of cushion plates 12, there are a plurality of ways of disposing the cushion plates 12.

For example, referring to fig. 4, the collision protection apparatus 10 includes a plurality of buffer plates 12 arranged at intervals in the lateral direction of the housing 11, and at least two adjacent buffer plates 12 are arranged symmetrically.

Specifically, the lateral direction of the housing 11 is a direction perpendicular to the extending direction in the horizontal plane, and all the adjacent buffer plates 12 may be symmetrically disposed in each buffer plate 12, or only some of the adjacent buffer plates 12 may be symmetrically disposed.

The symmetric arrangement means that a straight line exists between two adjacent buffer plates 12, so that the two buffer plates 12 are symmetric to each other, and the two buffer plates 12 are respectively located at two sides of the straight line. This prevents the buffer plates 12 from interfering with each other during expansion and contraction.

In the case where the buffer liquid 13 is provided in the buffer chamber 11a, the gap between two symmetrically-arranged adjacent buffer plates 12 can be made wide enough to facilitate more buffer liquid 13 to flow in the gap and between the buffer plates 12.

It should be noted that other arrangements may be adopted between the buffer plates 12 arranged at intervals in the lateral direction of the housing 11. For example, a telescopic space 1211a is formed between the two telescopic sub-plates 1211 of each telescopic part 121, and the telescopic part 121 of at least one buffer plate 12 correspondingly extends into the telescopic space 1211a of another adjacent buffer plate 12. Thus, by reducing the distance between the adjacent expansion parts 121, more buffer plates 12 can be accommodated in the buffer chamber 11a, thereby further improving the buffering effect.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the retractable portion 121 includes a connection sub-board 1212, the connection sub-board 1212 connects two retractable sub-boards 1211, and at least one of the connection sub-board 1212 and the retractable sub-board 1211 is a flat board.

Specifically, a connection sub-board 1212 is further formed between the two retractable sub-boards 1211, so that a distance between the two retractable sub-boards 1211 can be increased, and relative displacement of the retractable sub-boards 1211 can be facilitated. Depending on the actual situation, the connection daughter board 1212 may be a flat board, the retractable daughter board 1211 may be a flat board, or both may be flat boards, so as to facilitate the compression of the buffer board 12.

In the case where the buffer liquid 13 is provided in the buffer chamber 11a, the distance between the two retractable sub-plates 1211 can be made wide enough to facilitate more buffer liquid 13 to flow between the buffer plates 12.

Of course, the retractable daughter board 1211 may be provided as a curved plate according to actual needs.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the buffer cavity 11a includes a first sub-cavity 11aa and a second sub-cavity 11ab located at the top of the first sub-cavity 11aa, the first sub-cavity 11aa communicates with the second sub-cavity 11ab, the second sub-cavity 11ab communicates with the outside through an air outlet 11b, and the buffer solution 13 is stored in the first sub-cavity 11 aa.

Specifically, under the collision effect of the main beam 20, the buffer member extends and retracts along the extending direction of the housing 11, and the buffer solution 13 located in the first sub-chamber 11aa flows in the first sub-chamber 11aa and the second sub-chamber 11ab, so that the kinetic energy of the main beam 20 can be converted into the kinetic energy of the flowing buffer solution 13, and the main beam 20 of the bridge can be protected.

It should be noted that the buffer member may be disposed only in the first sub-cavity 11aa, or both the first sub-cavity 11aa and the second sub-cavity 11ab may be disposed with the buffer member.

In one embodiment, the filling amount of the buffer solution 13 is 80% -95% of the volume of the first sub-cavity 11aa, and the air outlet 11b is disposed on the periphery of the housing 11.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the collision protection device 10 further includes a partition 14 having a through hole 14a, the partition 14 is disposed in the buffer cavity 11a to divide the buffer cavity 11a into a first sub-cavity 11aa and a second sub-cavity 11ab, and the first sub-cavity 11aa is communicated with the second sub-cavity 11ab through the through hole 14 a.

Thus, under the compression caused by the collision of the main beams 20, the buffer liquid 13 flows between the first sub-chamber 11aa and the second sub-chamber 11ab through the through-hole 14a, and a large amount of kinetic energy is consumed when the buffer liquid 13 passes through the through-hole 14a, whereby the effect of absorbing the kinetic energy of the main beams 20 by the flow of the buffer liquid 13 can be further enhanced, thereby reducing the impact force between the main beams 20.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the collision protection device 10 further includes a fluid guide tube 15, and the fluid guide tube 15 is disposed at the through hole 14a and has one end extending into the buffer solution 13.

In particular, providing the flow conduit 15 at the location of the port may facilitate directing the flow of the buffer fluid 13 between the first subcavity 11aa and the second subcavity 11 ab. Therefore, the buffer liquid 13 does not need to be filled in the first sub-cavity 11aa, and a good buffer effect can be achieved.

In one embodiment, the housing 11 is a rectangular housing 11, the buffer chamber 11a is a rectangular chamber, the housing 11 is formed by four lateral steel plates, a top plate and a bottom plate, and the partition plate 14 arranged in the buffer chamber 11a is a rectangular partition plate 14. The lateral steel plates located at both sides of the housing 11 in the extending direction are fixed to the beam ends of the corresponding main beams 20, respectively.

In a specific embodiment, the depth of the buffer cavity 11a is 1/2-2/3 of the height of the main beam 20, the distance between the lateral steel plates positioned at two sides of the extending direction of the shell 11 is 10 cm-30 cm, and the wall thickness of each lateral steel plate is 6 mm-12 mm. The depth of the second sub-cavity 11ab is 1/8-1/10 of the depth of the buffer cavity 11a, the length of the draft tube 15 is 1/5-1/10 of the depth of the buffer cavity 11a, the diameter of the through hole 14a is 1 cm-2 cm, the diameter of the air outlet hole 11b is 2 cm-10 cm, and the opening area of the through hole 14a is 15% -20% of the total area of the partition plate 14.

In the description of the present application, reference to the description of the terms "an embodiment," "in some embodiments," "a particular embodiment," or "exemplary" or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this application, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described herein may be combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (14)

1. The utility model provides a collision protection device sets up at least in the expansion joint between the two adjacent girders of bridge which characterized in that includes:

the shell is provided with a buffer cavity, and two ends of the shell along the extension direction are correspondingly connected with the main beams one by one;

the buffer piece is arranged in the buffer cavity and can stretch and retract along the extending direction of the shell.

2. The crash protection device of claim 1 wherein said bumper is a bumper plate; and/or the buffer piece is made of steel; and/or the buffer piece is of an integrally formed structure.

3. The crash protection device according to claim 2, wherein said bumper plate has a plurality of stretchable portions arranged in an extending direction of said housing, each of said stretchable portions including two stretchable sub-plates arranged in said extending direction of said housing, said stretchable portions having a compressed state in which said two stretchable sub-plates are brought close to each other and an expanded state in which said two stretchable sub-plates are brought away from each other.

4. The crash protection device according to claim 3, wherein said crash protection device comprises a plurality of said baffle plates disposed at intervals in a lateral direction of said housing, at least two adjacent said baffle plates being disposed symmetrically; or the like, or, alternatively,

a telescopic space is formed between the two telescopic sub-plates of each telescopic part, and the telescopic part of at least one buffer plate correspondingly extends into the telescopic space of the other adjacent buffer plate one by one.

5. The crash protection device of claim 3, wherein said telescoping portion comprises a connector sub-panel connecting two of said telescoping sub-panels, at least one of said connector sub-panel and said telescoping sub-panel being a flat panel; or the like, or, alternatively,

the retractable daughter board is a curved plate.

6. The crash protection device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crash protection device includes a buffer liquid stored in the buffer chamber, and the housing has an air outlet hole through which the buffer chamber communicates with the outside.

7. The crash protection device of claim 6 wherein said bumper member has a fluid passage hole therein; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the buffer piece is a buffer plate, and the surface of the buffer plate is vertically arranged; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the buffer solution is an oily liquid.

8. The collision protection device according to claim 6, wherein the buffer chamber comprises a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber located at the top of the first sub-chamber, the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber are communicated, the second sub-chamber is communicated with the outside through the air outlet hole, and the buffer solution is stored in the first sub-chamber.

9. The crash protection device as recited in claim 8 further comprising a baffle having a through-hole, the baffle disposed within the cushion chamber to divide the cushion chamber into the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber, the first sub-chamber communicating with the second sub-chamber through the through-hole.

10. The impact protection device of claim 8, wherein said bumper is disposed in said first subcavity.

11. The crash protection device defined in claim 9 further comprising a fluid conduit disposed at said through-hole and having one end extending into said buffer fluid.

12. A bridge comprising a plurality of adjacent girders and the collision protection device of claim 1, the collision protection device being disposed at each expansion joint between two adjacent girders.

13. A method of constructing a bridge according to claim 12, wherein the method comprises:

determining the size of the collision protection device according to the size of the expansion joint;

machining the collision protection device according to the determined size of the collision protection device;

and pouring the main beam, and fixing the collision protection device in the expansion joint.

14. The construction method according to claim 13, wherein the collision protection device further includes a buffer, and after the collision protection device is fixed between two adjacent main beams, the construction method further includes:

and filling the buffer solution into the buffer cavity, wherein the filling amount of the buffer solution is less than the volume of the buffer cavity.

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