CN115287652A - Erosion-resistant cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Erosion-resistant cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115287652A CN115287652A CN202210990441.5A CN202210990441A CN115287652A CN 115287652 A CN115287652 A CN 115287652A CN 202210990441 A CN202210990441 A CN 202210990441A CN 115287652 A CN115287652 A CN 115287652A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of protective coatings for hydraulic and hydroelectric mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to an anti-erosion and cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: weighing nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder and AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder according to a certain mass ratio, and mechanically mixing the powders; pretreating a substrate; a nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is prepared on a martensitic stainless steel matrix by adopting a laser cladding technology. The nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating with a bionic structure is prepared by a laser cladding method, the problem that the toughness of the traditional ceramic particle reinforced metal-based coating is reduced is solved, the coordination and unification of high strength and high toughness are realized, and the erosion resistance and cavitation resistance of water turbine, water pump and other hydraulic and hydroelectric mechanical flow passage components are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of protective coatings for hydraulic and hydroelectric mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to an anti-erosion and cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Erosion and cavitation damage are one of common failure modes of flow passage components of water conservancy and hydropower mechanical equipment such as water turbines, water pumps and the like, and cause great economic property loss every year, so that an effective protection method is deeply explored, the erosion and cavitation resistance of the equipment is improved, the service life of the equipment is further prolonged, and the method has important practical significance. The surface coating can effectively solve the problem, and the prepared anti-erosion and anti-cavitation coating can effectively improve the comprehensive performance and the service life of the flow passage component.
The high-entropy alloy is an alloy formed by combining four or more than four metal elements, has high hardness and excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance due to unique alloy components and organization structures, and has improved erosion resistance and cavitation resistance as a typical high-entropy alloy. The erosion wear performance of the high-entropy alloy coating can be effectively improved by adding the hard ceramic powder particles into the high-entropy alloy coating as a strengthening phase, but the interface of the ceramic powder particles and the metal material is easy to become a crack initiation source due to the large difference of the physical properties of the ceramic powder particles and the metal material, so that the coating is cracked and fails. Therefore, how to improve the performance of the interface between the ceramic particles and the metal, reduce the crack sensitivity of the coating, and realize the coordination and unification of high strength and high toughness of the coating becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-erosion cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an anti-erosion cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating comprises the following steps:
step (1): weighing multiple nickel-coated nano alumina powder and AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder, mechanically mixing to obtain mixed powder, and drying for later use; the preparation method of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder comprises the following steps:
taking nano alumina powder as a nucleation center, and obtaining nano nickel-coated single nano alumina powder by a hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method;
granulating and sintering the nickel-coated single nano-alumina powder, and then carrying out nickel coating again by a hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method to obtain micron-sized nickel-coated multi-nano-alumina powder;
step (2): pretreating a substrate;
and (3): and performing multi-channel lap cladding by adopting a laser cladding method in a coaxial powder feeding mode to obtain the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating.
Further, the particle size range of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina powder in the step (1) is 45-105 μm, and the mass ratio of nickel to nano-alumina in the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina powder is 30-90;
the mass fraction of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder in the total amount of the mixed powder is 0.5-20%, and the particle size range of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder is 45-105 μm.
Further, the mechanical mixing in the step (1) is specifically:
mixing by a roller ball mill, wherein the roller rotating speed is 350-550r/min, and the mixing time is 2-4h.
Further, the drying in the step (1) for standby use specifically comprises: drying in an oven at 80-120 deg.C for 1-4 h.
Further, the step (2) of pretreating the substrate specifically comprises the following steps: deoiling, sanding with sand paper, and cleaning with alcohol.
Further, the laser cladding process parameters in the step (3) are as follows: the laser power is 1000-3000W, the scanning speed is 200-600mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 10-20g/min, the cladding lap joint rate is 30-70%, and the flow of powder feeding argon is 3-20L/min.
The erosion-resistant cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating prepared by the method has a three-level bionic structure of nano aluminum oxide/nickel/high-entropy alloy.
The application of the coating is used for resisting erosion and cavitation erosion of a water turbine and a water pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina enhanced high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the invention has a three-level bionic structure of nano-alumina/nickel/high-entropy alloy, compared with the method of directly adding ceramic particles, the powder flowability can be greatly improved by adding the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina ceramic particles, the wettability of the nano-alumina ceramic particles and the high-entropy alloy can be effectively improved by the nickel layer, the interface cracking tendency is remarkably reduced while the hardness of the high-entropy alloy matrix is improved, and the erosion resistance and cavitation resistance are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the macro morphology of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina enhanced high-entropy alloy coating prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the macro morphology of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina enhanced high-entropy alloy coating prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a hardness curve of the high-entropy alloy-based coating under different mass fractions of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide.
FIG. 4 shows erosion mass loss of high-entropy alloy-based coatings under different mass fractions of nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and the implementation results obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive changes are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing 3.0 mass percent of nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder and 97 percent of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the mass ratio of nickel to alumina is 50, then putting the weighed powder into a roller ball mill for mechanical powder mixing, the rotating speed of the roller is 450r/min, the mixing time is 2h, and then putting the mixed powder into a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 2h for later use.
The 0Cr13Ni5Mo martensitic stainless steel matrix is pretreated, including deoiling, sanding and alcohol cleaning.
And performing multi-channel lap cladding by adopting a laser cladding method in a coaxial powder feeding mode to obtain the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating. The specific laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2500W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 9.5g/min, the cladding lap joint rate is 50%, the flow of powder feeding gas argon is 5L/min, and the flow of shielding gas argon is 5L/min. The macroscopic morphology of the prepared nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide enhanced high-entropy alloy coating is shown in figure 1.
The hardness test of the prepared coating shows that the average microhardness of the coating is 521HV, and the microhardness of the high-entropy alloy-based coating added with 3% by mass of nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina is improved by 5.9% compared with the hardness of a pure high-entropy alloy coating of 492HV, as shown in FIG. 3.
The erosion performance of the prepared coating is tested, the accumulated mass loss of the coating after 120min is 166.8mg, and compared with the accumulated mass loss of 202.3mg of a pure high-entropy alloy coating, the erosion mass loss of the high-entropy alloy-based coating added with 3% nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide is reduced by 17.5%, as shown in FIG. 4.
Example 2
Weighing 5.0 mass percent of nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder and 95 percent of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the mass ratio of nickel to alumina is 50, then putting the weighed powder into a roller ball mill for mechanical powder mixing, the rotating speed of the roller is 450r/min, the mixing time is 2h, and then putting the mixed powder into a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 2h for later use.
The 0Cr13Ni5Mo martensitic stainless steel matrix is pretreated, including deoiling, sanding and alcohol cleaning.
And performing multi-channel lap cladding by adopting a laser cladding method in a coaxial powder feeding mode to obtain the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating. The specific laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2500W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 9.5g/min, the cladding lap joint rate is 50%, the flow of powder feeding gas argon is 5L/min, and the flow of shielding gas argon is 5L/min. The macroscopic morphology of the prepared nickel-coated multi-particle nano-alumina enhanced high-entropy alloy coating is shown in figure 2
The hardness test of the prepared coating shows that the average microhardness of the coating is 535HV, and the microhardness of the high-entropy alloy-based coating added with 5 mass percent of nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina is improved by 8.7 percent relative to the hardness of a pure high-entropy alloy coating of 492HV, as shown in figure 3.
The erosion performance of the prepared coating is tested, the accumulated mass loss of the coating is 150.9mg after 120min, and compared with the accumulated mass loss of 202.3mg of a pure high-entropy alloy coating, the erosion mass loss of the high-entropy alloy-based coating added with 5% of nickel-coated multi-particle nano aluminum oxide by mass is reduced by 25.4%, as shown in FIG. 4.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an anti-erosion cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): weighing multiple nickel-coated nano alumina powder and AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder, mechanically mixing to obtain mixed powder, and drying for later use; the preparation method of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder comprises the following steps:
taking nano alumina powder as a nucleation center, and obtaining nano nickel-coated single nano alumina powder by a hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method;
granulating and sintering the nickel-coated single nano-alumina powder, and then carrying out nickel coating again by a hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method to obtain micron-sized nickel-coated multi-nano-alumina powder;
step (2): pretreating a substrate;
and (3): and performing multi-channel lap cladding by adopting a laser cladding method in a coaxial powder feeding mode to obtain the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina particle reinforced AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the nickel-coated nano alumina powder in step (1) is in the range of 45-105 μm, and the mass ratio of nickel to nano alumina in the nickel-coated nano alumina powder is 30-90;
the mass fraction of the nickel-coated multi-particle nano alumina powder in the total amount of the mixed powder is 0.5-20%, and the particle size range of the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy powder is 45-105 μm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical mixing in step (1) is in particular:
mixing by a roller ball mill at the roller rotation speed of 350-550r/min for 2-4h.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step (1) is carried out by: drying in an oven at 80-120 deg.C for 1-4 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of pre-treating the substrate is specifically: deoiling, sanding with sand paper, and cleaning with alcohol.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding process parameters in step (3) are: the laser power is 1000-3000W, the scanning speed is 200-600mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 10-20g/min, the cladding lapping rate is 30-70%, and the flow of powder feeding gas argon is 3-20L/min.
7. An anti-erosion cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coating has a three-level bionic structure of nano alumina/nickel/high-entropy alloy.
8. Use of the coating according to claim 7 for erosion and cavitation resistance in water turbines and pumps.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115922244A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-07 | 武汉大学 | Aluminum absorption pipe resistant to aluminum liquid corrosion and manufacturing method and application thereof |
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| CN113429631A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-24 | 山东晨旭新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of modified magnesium hydroxide flame retardant |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101428349A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2009-05-13 | 张建玲 | Method for producing nickel-cobalt metal powder |
| CA3098381A1 (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-03 | The Boeing Company | Tuned multilayered material systems and methods for manufacturing |
| CN112226758A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-15 | 北京科技大学 | Wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN113429631A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-24 | 山东晨旭新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of modified magnesium hydroxide flame retardant |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| CN115922244A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-07 | 武汉大学 | Aluminum absorption pipe resistant to aluminum liquid corrosion and manufacturing method and application thereof |
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