CN115286395A - Modified SiC-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Modified SiC-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115286395A CN115286395A CN202210955427.1A CN202210955427A CN115286395A CN 115286395 A CN115286395 A CN 115286395A CN 202210955427 A CN202210955427 A CN 202210955427A CN 115286395 A CN115286395 A CN 115286395A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CFOAUMXQOCBWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Si] Chemical compound [B].[Si] CFOAUMXQOCBWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical class [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 185
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- DWAWYEUJUWLESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl DWAWYEUJUWLESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011204 carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000011184 SiC–SiC matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 43
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modified SiC-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the modified SiC-based composite material comprises the following steps: 1) Depositing a pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interface layer on the fiber surface of the fiber preform to obtain a PyC interface-containing fiber preform; 2) Depositing SiC with a certain density on the fiber preform containing the PyC interface to obtain a SiC-based porous body; 3) Further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC-based porous body; 4) Mixing and ball-milling metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder; 5) And (3) placing the SiC-based porous composite material obtained in the step 3) into the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the step 4) for infiltration reaction to obtain the Si-B-Mo-Y modified SiC-based composite material. The invention has simple process and strong designability, and the prepared modified SiC-based composite material has low porosity, ablation resistance and water and oxygen resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a modified SiC-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite material has a series of excellent performances such as low density, high strength, excellent high-temperature mechanical property, corrosion resistance, creep resistance and the like, and is widely applied to hot-end parts of aircraft engines. However, in the current aeroengine with the thrust-weight ratio of 8-10, the temperature of the front end of the turbine can reach 1723K-1773K, and in the aeroengine with the thrust-weight ratio of 12, the temperature of the front end of the turbine can reach about 2073K, if the thrust-weight ratio is continuously increased, the temperature of a hot end part is increased more, and the SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite materials face the problems of high-energy particle scouring, corrosion failure and the like, so that the application of the SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite materials in the field of aerospace is restricted. Therefore, it is important to further improve the oxygen corrosion resistance of the SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite material in a wide temperature range for a long time.
At present, three methods for improving the water-oxygen corrosion resistance of SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite materials are provided: interface modification, matrix modification and coating modification. The modification of the matrix achieves the aims of preventing oxygen from entering and healing cracks by introducing antioxidant and self-healing components into the matrix of the material. The reported methods for modifying a substrate include Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI), precursor impregnation-pyrolysis (PIP), and reactive infiltration (RMI). Compared with CVI, PIP and other methods, the reaction infiltration method (RMI) has the advantages of short preparation period, simple process, low cost, pre-shaping of a preform, good shape stability, no need of mechanical pressure, realization of near net shaping and low porosity (2-5%) of the obtained composite material.
CN113045326B discloses a method for preparing a modified C/C composite material by using Si-B-X (X is one or more of Zr, mo, ti, cr and Hf) powder. The method adopts low-temperature infiltration, and the prepared C/C composite material has good ablation resistance, but the resistance to water-oxygen corrosion needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the existing material system, the invention provides a modified SiC-based composite material with the capability of resisting water-oxygen ablation for a long time and a wide temperature range and a preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of the modified SiC-based composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Depositing a pyrolytic carbon interface layer on the fiber surface of the fiber preform by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method to obtain the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface;
2) Depositing SiC on the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface obtained in the step 1) by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method or a precursor impregnation-cracking method to obtain a SiC-based porous body;
3) Depositing resin carbon on the SiC-based porous body obtained in the step 2) by adopting a liquid phase impregnation-carbonization method to obtain a porous SiC-based composite material;
or depositing pyrolytic carbon on the SiC-based porous body obtained in the step 2) by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method to obtain a porous SiC-based composite material;
4) Performing ball milling on metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder, and drying to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder;
5) Embedding the porous SiC-based composite material obtained in the step 3) into the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the step 4) for reaction infiltration to obtain the modified SiC-based composite material.
Preferably, in the step 1), the fiber preform is a silicon carbide fiber preform or a carbon fiber preform; the specific process for preparing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface by the chemical vapor infiltration method comprises the following steps: the fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as carbon source gas, hydrogen is used as carrier gas, deposition is carried out for 10-100 h at the temperature of 800-1100 ℃, and finally furnace slow cooling is carried out.
Preferably, the silicon carbide fiber preform is of a 2.5D structure, the fiber is a second-generation silicon carbide fiber, and the fiber volume fraction of the preform is 50% -60%; the carbon fiber preform is a needled whole felt preform, and the density of the preform is 0.3-0.9 g/cm 3 。
Preferably, in the step 2), the specific steps of preparing the SiC-based porous body by using the chemical vapor infiltration method include: placing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, taking argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80-100 h at 1000-1050 ℃ until the density is 1.3-1.6 g/cm 3 The SiC-based porous body of (a); the method for preparing the SiC-based porous body by adopting a precursor impregnation-pyrolysis method comprises the following specific steps: placing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface in a mold containing a polycarbosilane precursor, dipping the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface by using the precursor, wherein the dipping pressure is less than 120Pa, the dipping time is 2-8 h, placing the preform in an oven after the dipping is finished, curing for 2-10 h at 200-300 ℃, placing the preform in a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, cracking at 800-1200 ℃, and repeating the steps for 4-10 times until the density is 1.3-1.6 g/cm 3 The SiC-based porous body of (1).
Preferably, in the step 3), the method for preparing the porous SiC-based composite material by using the liquid phase impregnation-carbonization method comprises the following specific steps: placing the SiC-based porous body in a vacuum drying box, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, vacuum-impregnating the SiC-based porous body for 2-4 h, placing the impregnated SiC-based porous body in a drying box at 180-300 ℃ for crosslinking and curing for 8-10 h, finally cracking and carbonizing in a vacuum sintering furnace at the cracking temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and repeating the steps until the density of the obtained product is 1.6-1.8 g/cm 3 The porous SiC-based composite material of (1).
Preferably, in the step 3), the specific steps of preparing the porous SiC-based composite material by using the chemical vapor infiltration method are as follows: placing the SiC-based porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, depositing for 10-100 h at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, finally slowly cooling along with the furnace,repeating the steps until the density of the obtained product is 1.6-1.8 g/cm 3 The porous SiC-based composite material of (1).
Preferably, in the step 4), the particle sizes of the metal silicon powder, the boron silicon powder, the molybdenum powder and the yttrium powder are all in micron or submicron grade, and the purity of the powder is more than or equal to 90%; the ball milling process parameters are as follows: the ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling speed is 50-600 r/min, the ball milling time is 12-36 h, the ball material mass ratio is 4-15; the drying temperature is 30-100 ℃, and the drying time is 24-48 h.
Preferably, in the step 4), the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder contains 75 to 78 atomic% of Si element, 10 to 15 atomic% of B element, 5 to 7 atomic% of Mo element, and the balance Y element.
Preferably, in the step 5), the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 3 to 5 times that of the porous SiC-based composite material; the specific process of the reaction infiltration comprises the following steps: the infiltration temperature is 1400-1900 ℃, the infiltration heat preservation time is 15-25 min, the vacuum degree is below 10Pa, and the furnace is slowly cooled to the room temperature after the infiltration is finished.
The modified SiC-based composite material is prepared according to the preparation method.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts Si-B-Mo-Y modified SiC-based composite material, wherein B formed by oxidizing boron element 2 O 3 The product can flow at the temperature of more than 450 ℃, has good fluidity, can heal cracks generated by a matrix, seals and fills holes, and plays a role in resisting oxidation at medium and low temperature; mo element can react with Si element to generate MoSi with high melting point and lower density 2 (2303K，6.24g/cm 3 )，MoSi 2 Can be oxidized at high temperature to form SiO 2 Protective layer, and MoSi 2 The sintering can be promoted, and the oxidation resistance of the SiC-based composite material can be obviously improved; y is used as rare earth element, has active chemical property, and has unique electronic structure, so that Y has special effects of microalloying, grain refinement, infiltration acceleration and the like, and has the function of resisting water-oxygen corrosion. Therefore, theoretical support can be provided for preparing the Si-B-Mo-Y modified SiC-based composite material by reactive infiltration.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of taking a SiC fiber/C fiber prefabricated body as a reinforcement, depositing a pyrolytic carbon interface layer on the prefabricated body through a chemical vapor infiltration process, compounding and preparing a porous SiC-based composite material through processes of chemical vapor infiltration, precursor impregnation-cracking, liquid phase impregnation-carbonization and the like, and introducing four elements of Si, B, mo and Y into the porous SiC-based composite material in a certain proportion through a reaction infiltration process to obtain the modified SiC-based composite material. Compared with the method of using a single B element as a self-healing component, the modified SiC-based composite material prepared by using Si-B-Mo-Y as the self-healing component has certain water-oxygen corrosion resistance and ablation resistance. In the invention, because the used SiC fibers can cause heat damage to the SiC fibers at high temperature, the SiC fibers are damaged as much as possible by using lower infiltration temperature on the premise of meeting the requirement of being higher than the melting point of the mixed powder.
According to the invention, by adding the Si-B-Mo-Y component, the oxygen erosion resistance of the SiC/SiC and C/SiC composite material is improved to a certain extent, so that the C/SiC composite material can be used for resisting ablation and resisting particle scouring in the aerospace field. Meanwhile, the preparation process is simple and reliable, the cost is low, and the efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the modified SiC/SiC composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the spectrum analysis of the modified SiC/SiC composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the modified C/SiC composite obtained in example 5.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the spectrum analysis of the modified C/SiC composite material obtained in example 5.
FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the modified C/SiC composite material obtained in example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
In the following examples, if not otherwise specified, pyC is pyrolytic carbon, CVI is chemical vapor infiltration, LIC is liquid phase impregnation-carbonization, and PIP is precursor impregnation-pyrolysis.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second-generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: performing SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the first step by adopting CVI, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, and argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80h at 1050 ℃ to obtain the SiC fiber preform with the density of 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the step two by adopting an LIC (laser induced sintering) process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the SiC/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven after the impregnation is finished, carrying out crosslinking curing for 8 hours, and finally putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking and carbonization at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until the density of the obtained product is 1.7g/cm 3 The porous SiC/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 7:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous SiC/SiC composite material, placing the porous SiC/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the vacuum degree below 10pa, keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.53g/cm 3 The aperture ratio was 5.1%.
The scanning electron microscope image and the energy spectrum analysis image of the modified SiC/SiC composite material prepared in this example are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, respectively.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second-generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: and (3) further performing SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a PIP process, impregnating the fiber preform containing a PyC interface with a polycarbosilane precursor with low viscosity and high ceramic yield at the impregnation pressure of 110Pa for 5h, placing the preform into a drying oven after the impregnation is finished, curing for 5h at 300 ℃, placing the preform into a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, and cracking at 1200 ℃. Repeating the second step for 6 to 10 times until the density of the obtained product is 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the second step by adopting an LIC (laser induced cracking) process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the SiC/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven for crosslinking and curing for 8 hours after the impregnation is finished, and finally putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking and carbonizing at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until the density of the obtained product is 1.7g/cm 3 The porous SiC/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, placing the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder in a vacuum induction furnace with the mass of less than 10pa and keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min, cooling the powder along with the furnace, and taking out the powder to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite materialA composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.58g/cm 3 The open porosity was 4.8%.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second-generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: performing SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the first step by adopting a CVI process, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, and argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80h at 1050 ℃ to obtain the SiC fiber preform with the density of 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the step (II) by adopting a CVI (chemical vapor deposition) process, putting the SiC/SiC porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, carrying out deposition at 1100 ℃ for 50h, and finally slowly cooling along with the furnace. Repeating the above steps until a density of 1.7g/cm is obtained 3 The porous SiC/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder with the granularity of micron or submicron and the purity of more than or equal to 90 percent are mixed according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and performing ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times that of the porous SiC/SiC composite material, placing the porous SiC/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min under the vacuum degree of below 10pa, cooling the porous SiC/SiC composite material along with the furnace, and taking the porous SiC/SiC composite material out to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.56g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.0%.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second-generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: and (3) further performing SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a PIP process, impregnating the fiber preform containing a PyC interface with a polycarbosilane precursor with low viscosity and high ceramic yield at the impregnation pressure of 100Pa for 5h, placing the preform into a drying oven after the impregnation is finished, curing for 5h at 300 ℃, placing the preform into a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, and cracking at 1200 ℃. Repeating the second step for 6 to 10 times until the density of the obtained product is 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the second step by adopting a CVI (chemical vapor deposition) process, putting the SiC/SiC porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, carrying out deposition at 1100 ℃ for 80h, and finally slowly cooling along with the furnace. Repeating the third step until a density of 1.7g/cm is obtained 3 Porous SiC/SiC composites.
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times that of the porous SiC/SiC composite material, placing the porous SiC/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min under the vacuum degree of below 10pa, cooling the porous SiC/SiC composite material along with the furnace, and taking the porous SiC/SiC composite material out to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.56g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.0%.
Example 5
Step (ii) ofFirstly, the following steps: the density is 0.5g/cm 3 The non-woven fabric-mesh tire laminated needled carbon fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as a carbon source gas, hydrogen is used as a carrier gas, the deposition is carried out for 12 hours at the temperature of 1000 ℃, and finally, the carbon fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase is obtained after the slow cooling along with the furnace.
Step two: performing SiC deposition on the carbon fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a CVI process, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, and argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80h at 1050 ℃ to obtain the carbon fiber preform with the density of 1.5g/cm 3 The C/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the C/SiC porous body obtained in the second step by adopting a liquid-phase impregnation-carbonization process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the C/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the C/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven after impregnation, carrying out crosslinking curing for 8 hours, and finally putting the C/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking carbonization at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until a density of 1.7g/cm is obtained 3 The porous C/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous C/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous C/SiC composite material, placing the porous C/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the temperature at 1800 ℃ for 15min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out the porous C/SiC composite material to obtain the modified C/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified C/SiC composite material is 2.53g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.17%.
The scanning electron micrograph, the energy spectrum analysis chart and the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the modified C/SiC composite material prepared in this example are shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, respectively.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: the density is 0.5g/cm 3 The laid fabric-mesh tire laminated needled carbon fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as a carbon source gas, hydrogen is used as a carrier gas, deposition is carried out for 12 hours at 1000 ℃, and finally slow cooling is carried out along with the furnace, so that the carbon fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase is obtained.
Step two: and (3) further performing SiC deposition on the carbon fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a PIP process, impregnating the fiber preform containing a PyC interface with a polycarbosilane precursor with low viscosity and high ceramic yield at the impregnation pressure of 90Pa for 5h, placing the preform into a drying oven after the impregnation is finished, curing for 5h at 300 ℃, placing the preform into a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, and cracking at 1200 ℃. Repeating the second step for 6 to 10 times until the density of the obtained product is 1.5g/cm 3 The C/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the C/SiC porous body obtained in the second step by adopting an LIC (laser induced cracking) process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the C/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the C/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven for crosslinking and curing for 8 hours after impregnation, and finally putting the C/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking and carbonization at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until the density of the obtained product is 1.7g/cm 3 The porous C/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder with the granularity of micron or submicron and the purity of more than or equal to 90 percent are mixed according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous C/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous C/SiC composite material, placing the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the vacuum degree below 10pa, keeping the temperature at 1800 ℃ for 15min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the modified C/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified C/SiC composite material is 2.5g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.1%.
Example 7
The method comprises the following steps: the density is 0.5g/cm 3 The laid fabric-mesh tire laminated needled carbon fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as a carbon source gas, hydrogen is used as a carrier gas, deposition is carried out for 12 hours at 1000 ℃, and finally slow cooling is carried out along with the furnace, so that the carbon fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase is obtained.
Step two: performing SiC deposition on the carbon fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a CVI process, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, taking argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80-100 h at 1050 ℃ until the density of the carbon fiber preform is 1.5g/cm 3 The C/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the C/SiC porous body obtained in the step two by adopting a CVI (chemical vapor deposition) process, putting the C/SiC porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, carrying out deposition at 1100 ℃ for 60h, and finally slowly cooling along with the furnace. Repeating the third step until the density of the obtained product is 1.7g/cm 3 The porous C/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder with the granularity of micron or submicron and the purity of more than or equal to 90 percent are mixed according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous C/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous C/SiC composite material, placing the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the vacuum degree below 10pa, keeping the temperature at 1800 ℃ for 15min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the modified C/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified C/SiC composite material is 2.53g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.17%.
Example 8
The method comprises the following steps: the density is 0.5g/cm 3 The non-woven cloth-net tire laminated needling carbon fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as carbon source gas, and hydrogen is used as hydrogenAnd (3) depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by using the carrier gas, and finally slowly cooling along with a furnace to obtain the carbon fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: and (3) further performing SiC deposition on the carbon fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting a PIP process, impregnating the carbon fiber preform containing a PyC interface with a polycarbosilane precursor with low viscosity and high ceramic yield at the impregnation pressure of 90Pa for 5h, placing the preform into a drying oven after the impregnation is finished, curing for 5h at the temperature of 300 ℃, placing the preform into a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, and cracking at the temperature of 1200 ℃. Repeating the second step for 6 to 10 times until the density of the obtained product is 1.5g/cm 3 The C/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the C/SiC porous body obtained in the step two by adopting a CVI (chemical vapor deposition) process, putting the C/SiC porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, carrying out deposition at 1100 ℃ for 70h, and finally slowly cooling along with the furnace. Repeating the third step until the density of the obtained product is 1.7g/cm 3 The porous C/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:14:7:1, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein a ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 6:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous C/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous C/SiC composite material, placing the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the vacuum degree below 10pa, keeping the temperature at 1800 ℃ for 15min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the modified C/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified C/SiC composite material is 2.61g/cm 3 The open porosity was 4.6%.
Example 9
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second-generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, depositing for 12 hours at 1000 ℃ by taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: performing SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the step one by adopting CVI, depositing for 80h at 1050 ℃ by taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst and argon as diluent gas to obtain the SiC fiber preform with the density of 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the second step by adopting an LIC (laser induced cracking) process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the SiC/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven for crosslinking and curing for 8 hours after the impregnation is finished, and finally putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking and carbonizing at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until a density of 1.7g/cm is obtained 3 The porous SiC/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of mixing metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder which are micron or submicron in particle size and have the purity of more than or equal to 90%, according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =75:15:7:3, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotation speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 7:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times that of the porous SiC/SiC composite material, placing the porous SiC/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min under the vacuum degree of below 10pa, cooling the porous SiC/SiC composite material along with the furnace, and taking the porous SiC/SiC composite material out to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.58g/cm 3 The open porosity was 5.0%.
Example 10
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the second generation SiC fiber preform with the 2.5D structure and the preform volume fraction of 50% in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, depositing for 12h at 1000 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace after the deposition is finished to obtain the SiC fiber preform containing the PyC interface phase.
Step two: by CVI, performing further SiC deposition on the SiC fiber preform obtained in the step one, taking trichloromethyl silane as a precursor gas, taking hydrogen as a carrier gas and a catalyst, taking argon as a diluent gas, and depositing for 80 hours at 1050 ℃ to obtain the SiC fiber preform with the density of 1.5g/cm 3 The SiC/SiC porous body of (3).
Step three: and (3) further carrying out carbon deposition densification on the SiC/SiC porous body obtained in the step two by adopting an LIC (laser induced sintering) process, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, carrying out vacuum impregnation on the SiC/SiC porous body for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven, putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a 180 ℃ drying oven after the impregnation is finished, carrying out crosslinking curing for 8 hours, and finally putting the SiC/SiC porous body into a vacuum sintering furnace for cracking and carbonization at 1100 ℃. Repeating the third step until a density of 1.7g/cm is obtained 3 The porous SiC/SiC composite material of (1).
Step four: metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder with the granularity of micron or submicron and the purity of more than or equal to 90 percent are mixed according to the atomic ratio of Si: b: mo: y =78:10:5:7, mixing and preparing, and carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling rotating speed is 50r/min, the ball milling time is 24 hours, and the ball material mass ratio is 7:1, grinding balls are zirconia balls; and after the ball milling is finished, drying at 40 ℃ to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder.
Step five: embedding the porous SiC/SiC composite material obtained in the third step by using the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the fourth step, wherein the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 5 times of that of the porous SiC/SiC composite material, placing the porous SiC/SiC composite material in a vacuum induction furnace, keeping the vacuum degree below 10pa, keeping the temperature at 1480 ℃ for 20min, cooling along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the modified SiC/SiC composite material. The density of the obtained modified SiC/SiC composite material is 2.54g/cm 3 The open porosity was 4.9%.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a modified SiC-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) Depositing a pyrolytic carbon interface layer on the fiber surface of the fiber preform by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method to obtain the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface;
2) Depositing SiC on the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface obtained in the step 1) by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method or a precursor impregnation-cracking method to obtain a SiC-based porous body;
3) Depositing resin carbon on the SiC-based porous body obtained in the step 2) by adopting a liquid phase impregnation-carbonization method to obtain a porous SiC-based composite material;
or depositing pyrolytic carbon on the SiC-based porous body obtained in the step 2) by adopting a chemical vapor infiltration method to obtain a porous SiC-based composite material;
4) Performing ball milling on metal silicon powder, boron silicon powder, molybdenum powder and yttrium powder, and drying to obtain Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder;
5) Embedding the porous SiC-based composite material obtained in the step 3) into the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder obtained in the step 4) for reaction infiltration to obtain the modified SiC-based composite material.
2. The method for producing a modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), the fiber preform is a silicon carbide fiber preform or a carbon fiber preform; the specific process of preparing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface by the chemical vapor infiltration method comprises the following steps: the fiber preform is placed in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, propylene is used as carbon source gas, hydrogen is used as carrier gas, deposition is carried out for 10-100 h at the temperature of 800-1100 ℃, and finally furnace slow cooling is carried out.
3. The method for preparing the modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide fiber preform has a 2.5D structure, the fiber is a second-generation silicon carbide fiber, and the fiber volume fraction of the preform is 50-60%; the carbon fiber preform is a needled whole felt preform, and the density of the preform is 0.3-0.9 g/cm 3 。
4. The method for preparing the modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the specific steps of preparing the SiC-based porous body by using a chemical vapor infiltration method are as follows: placing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking trichloromethylsilane as precursor gas, hydrogen as carrier gas and catalyst, taking argon as diluent gas, and depositing for 80-100 h at 1000-1050 ℃ until the density is 1.3-1.6 g/cm 3 Of SiC-based porous bodies(ii) a The method for preparing the SiC-based porous body by adopting a precursor impregnation-pyrolysis method comprises the following specific steps of: placing the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface in a mold containing a polycarbosilane precursor, dipping the fiber preform containing the pyrolytic carbon interface by using the precursor, wherein the dipping pressure is less than 120Pa, the dipping time is 2-8 h, placing the preform in an oven after the dipping is finished, curing for 2-10 h at 200-300 ℃, placing the preform in a high-temperature sintering furnace after the curing is finished, cracking at 800-1200 ℃, and repeating the steps for 4-10 times until the density is 1.3-1.6 g/cm 3 The SiC-based porous body of (1).
5. The preparation method of the modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) of preparing the porous SiC-based composite material by a liquid phase impregnation-carbonization method comprises the following specific steps: placing the SiC-based porous body in a vacuum drying box, taking phenolic resin as a carbon source, vacuum-impregnating the SiC-based porous body for 2-4 h, placing the impregnated SiC-based porous body in a drying box at 180-300 ℃ for crosslinking and curing for 8-10 h, finally cracking and carbonizing in a vacuum sintering furnace at the cracking temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and repeating the steps until the density of the obtained product is 1.6-1.8 g/cm 3 The porous SiC-based composite material of (1).
6. The method for preparing the modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the method for preparing the porous SiC-based composite material by using the chemical vapor infiltration method comprises the following specific steps: placing SiC-based porous body in a chemical vapor deposition furnace, taking propylene as carbon source gas and hydrogen as carrier gas, depositing for 10-100 h at the deposition temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, finally slowly cooling along with the furnace, repeating the steps until the density of the SiC-based porous body is 1.6-1.8 g/cm 3 The porous SiC-based composite material of (1).
7. The preparation method of the modified SiC-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the particle sizes of the metal silicon powder, the boron silicon powder, the molybdenum powder and the yttrium powder are all in micron or submicron grade, and the purity of the powders is more than or equal to 90%; the ball milling process parameters are as follows: the ball milling medium is ethanol, the ball milling speed is 50-600 r/min, the ball milling time is 12-36 h, the ball material mass ratio is 4-15; the drying temperature is 30-100 ℃, and the drying time is 24-48 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder contains 75 to 85 atomic% of Si element, 10 to 20 atomic% of B element, 5 to 10 atomic% of Mo element, and the balance Y element.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the mass of the Si-B-Mo-Y mixed powder is 3 to 5 times the mass of the porous SiC-based composite material; the specific process of the reaction infiltration comprises the following steps: the infiltration temperature is 1400-1900 ℃, the infiltration heat preservation time is 15-25 min, the vacuum degree is below 10Pa, and the furnace is slowly cooled to the room temperature after the infiltration is finished.
10. A modified SiC-based composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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