CN115283665A - Preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder - Google Patents
Preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283665A CN115283665A CN202210750934.1A CN202210750934A CN115283665A CN 115283665 A CN115283665 A CN 115283665A CN 202210750934 A CN202210750934 A CN 202210750934A CN 115283665 A CN115283665 A CN 115283665A
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder, which comprises the following steps: drying the superfine reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix powder at low temperature; premixing the superfine reinforcing body particles and aluminum matrix powder in first mixing equipment to obtain premixed powder; finely mixing the premixed powder and the steel ball in second mixing equipment to obtain a mixture; and separating the steel balls in the mixture to obtain mixed powder. The preparation method of the mixed powder can realize the uniform dispersion of the ultrafine reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix powder in a short time, has no agglomeration phenomenon and has high mixing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material mixed powder.
Background
Compared with the matrix aluminum alloy, the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite has performance advantages in the aspects of specific strength, specific rigidity, wear resistance, creep resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, and particularly, the performance of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite can be adjusted through flexible component design and process condition control, so that the application requirements of different occasions can be met, and the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is gradually and widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry and the like.
A large number of researches and experimental verifications show that two necessary conditions are provided for obtaining the high-performance particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and firstly, good interface bonding is formed between reinforced particles and an aluminum matrix; secondly, the particles of the reinforcing body are distributed in the aluminum matrix as uniformly as possible. In general, small-sized reinforcement particles provide better reinforcement to the aluminum matrix, so that the smaller the reinforcement particle size, the more uniform the distribution, and the higher the strength and fracture toughness of the composite. However, in the preparation process of the composite material, small-sized reinforcing body particles are difficult to realize uniform distribution, the agglomeration phenomenon is easy to occur, stress concentration is easy to generate in an agglomeration area to become a crack source, and the strength and the toughness of the composite material are reduced.
Therefore, how to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a method for uniformly distributing the reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix without agglomeration is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder, which can realize uniform dispersion of ultrafine reinforcement particles in aluminum matrix powder in a short time through the steps of low-temperature drying, premixing, fine mixing and the like of the powder, and has no agglomeration phenomenon and high mixing efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a preparation method of ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder, which comprises the following steps:
drying the superfine reinforcing body particles and the aluminum matrix powder at low temperature;
premixing the ultrafine reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix powder in a first mixing device to obtain premixed powder;
finely mixing the premixed powder and the steel balls in second mixing equipment to obtain a mixture;
and separating the steel balls in the mixture to obtain the mixed powder.
Preferably, after the ultra-fine reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix powder have been subjected to a low temperature drying process, they are pre-mixed in a first mixing device, which is a three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer having a loading volume of up to 50-80%, for example 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, preferably 60-70%.
In the invention, the loading volume of the premixing process needs to reach 50-80%, on one hand, the space required by powder flow is reserved, on the other hand, the higher loading can properly increase the powder pressure and improve the friction force among the powder, the uniform distribution of the powder in a macroscopic region can be quickly realized in a short time, and the improvement of the mixing efficiency is facilitated.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer is 20-30 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-5 h, for example, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h, 5h, preferably 2-4 h.
After premixing, the fine mixing is carried out in a second mixing device, which is a low-energy mechanical mixer, the filling volume of which can be up to 30 to 60%, for example 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, preferably 40 to 50%. The low energy mechanical mixer has a rotation speed of 30 to 40rpm and a mixing time of 1 to 5 hours, for example, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours.
Preferably, the steel ball includes four sizes of Φ 1mm, Φ 3mm, Φ 6mm, and Φ 10mm (Φ represents a diameter).
In the invention, steel balls with different specifications are added in the fine mixing process, so that the uniform distribution of ultrafine powder in a microscopic region can be realized.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the steel ball is 1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the steel balls to the premixed powder is (0.1-0.3): 1, and may be, for example, 0.1: 1. 0.15: 1. 0.2: 1. 0.25: 1. 0.3:1.
in the invention, the weight ratio of the steel ball to the premixed powder is controlled to be (0.1-0.3): 1, the input capacity is moderate, the powder can keep the original shape and is not easy to agglomerate or break.
Preferably, the volume percentage of the ultrafine reinforcement particles is 10-30%, and the volume percentage of the aluminum matrix powder is 70-90%.
Preferably, the ultrafine reinforcement particles are Al 2 O 3 Si, siC and AlN.
Preferably, the ultrafine reinforcement particles have a particle size of 0.5 to 10 μm.
Preferably, the aluminum matrix powder is one or more of pure aluminum, a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy, and a 7-series aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the aluminum matrix powder has a particle size of 0.5 to 10 μm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize the uniform dispersion of the ultrafine reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix powder in a short time through the steps of low-temperature drying, premixing, fine mixing and the like of the powder, has no agglomeration phenomenon and has high mixing efficiency.
2. The ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material mixed powder prepared by the invention can keep the original shape of the composite material powder, is not broken, and avoids the safety risks of powder oxidation explosion and the like. In the existing method, the charging amount is small each time, the production efficiency is low, impurities are easy to introduce, passivation treatment is also needed, and the effects cannot be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows 17.5% SiC prepared in example 1 of the present invention p Microstructure photograph of (2 μm)/7075 Al composite material.
FIG. 2 shows 15% SiC which was prepared in example 2 of the present invention p Microstructure photograph of (0.5 μm)/2024 Al composite material.
FIG. 3 shows 30% Si prepared in example 3 of the present invention p Microstructure photograph of (9 μm)/Al composite material.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, the starting materials and reagents used in the examples are all commercially available products. Reagents, equipment, or procedures not described herein are routinely determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The mixing method of the ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following specific steps:
treating the reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix powder with low-temperature drying equipment; the reinforcing particles can be Al 2 O 3 Any one of (alumina), si (silicon), siC (silicon carbide) and AlN (aluminum nitride), the particle size of the reinforcement particles is 0.5-10 μm, and the volume percentage in the composite material is 10% -30%; the aluminum matrix can be selected from any one of pure aluminum, 2 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy and 7 series aluminum alloy, and the particle size of the aluminum matrix powder is 0.5-10 μm. Adding the needed reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix powder into a three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer according to a certain proportion for premixing, wherein the loading volume reaches 50-80%, the rotating speed of the mixer is 20-30 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-5 h to obtain premixed powder; adding the premixed powder and a certain proportion of steel balls into a low-energy mechanical mixer for fine mixing, wherein the charging volume reaches 30-60%, the rotating speed of the mixer is 30-40 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-5 hours; the weight ratio of the steel balls to the powder is (0.1-0.3) to 1, the steel balls are selected from 4 specifications which are phi 1mm, phi 3mm, phi 6mm and phi 10mm respectively, and the weight ratio is 1. Will pass through the channels and collateralsSeparating the fine mixed powder from the steel balls to obtain the superfine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail by way of specific examples.
Example 1
17.5％SiC p (2 mu m)/7075 Al composite material efficient mixing method
The target product of this example was 17.5% SiC p (2 mu m)/7075 Al composite material, the reinforcing body particles are SiC, the average particle size of the SiC is 2 mu m, the volume percentage is 17.5 percent, and the matrix aluminum alloy is 7075Al, the average particle size of the matrix aluminum alloy is 5 mu m.
17.5％SiC p The (2 mu m)/7075 Al composite material efficient mixing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing SiC particles and 7075Al powder according to a volume ratio of 17.5 to 82.5, and then adding the mixture into a three-dimensional efficient mixer for premixing, wherein the loading volume reaches 65%, the rotating speed of the mixer is 25rpm, and the mixing time is 3 hours;
(2) Adding the premixed powder and steel balls into a low-energy mechanical mixer together for fine mixing, wherein the loading volume reaches 45%, the weight ratio of the steel balls to the powder is 0.2;
(3) Separating the finely mixed powder from the steel balls to obtain 17.5% SiC p (2 μm)/7075 Al composite mixed powder.
The mixed powder was pressed into a sample, and the microstructure was observed by an optical microscope, as shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from the figure, the SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix without agglomeration.
Example 2
15％SiC p (0.5 mu m)/2024 Al composite material efficient mixing method
The target product of this example was 15% SiC p (0.5 μm)/2024 Al composite material, the reinforcement particles were SiC having an average particle size of 0.5 μm and a volume percentage of 15%, and the matrix aluminum alloy was 2024Al having an average particle size of 1 μm.
The method for efficiently mixing 15% of SiC (0.5 μm)/2024 Al composite material specifically comprises:
(1) Mixing SiC particles and 2024Al powder according to a volume ratio of 15;
(2) Adding the premixed powder and steel balls into a low-energy mechanical mixer together for fine mixing, wherein the loading volume reaches 40%, the weight ratio of the steel balls to the powder is 0.3;
(3) Separating the finely mixed powder from the steel balls to obtain 15% SiC p (0.5 μm)/2024 Al composite mixed powder.
The mixed powder was pressed into a sample, and the microstructure was observed by an optical microscope, as shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from the figure, the SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix without agglomeration.
Example 3
30％Si p (9 mu m)/Al composite material efficient mixing method
The target product of this example was 30% Si p (9 mu m)/Al composite material, the reinforcing body particles are Si, the average particle size of the reinforcing body particles is 9 mu m, the volume percentage is 30 percent, the matrix aluminum alloy is pure Al, and the average particle size of the matrix aluminum alloy is 9 mu m.
30％Si p The (9 mu m)/Al composite material efficient mixing method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing SiC particles and pure Al powder according to a volume ratio of 30;
(2) Adding the premixed powder and steel balls into a low-energy mechanical mixer together for fine mixing, wherein the loading volume reaches 50%, the weight ratio of the steel balls to the powder is 0.2;
(3) Mixing the fine powdersSeparating from the steel ball to obtain 30% of Si p (9 μm)/Al composite mixed powder.
The mixed powder was pressed into a sample, and the microstructure was observed using an optical microscope, as shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the Si particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix without agglomeration.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the ultrafine particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite mixed powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying the superfine reinforcement particles and the aluminum matrix powder at low temperature;
pre-mixing the ultrafine reinforcement particles with the aluminum matrix powder in a first mixing device,
obtaining premixed powder;
finely mixing the premixed powder and the steel balls in second mixing equipment to obtain a mixture;
and separating the steel balls in the mixture to obtain the mixed powder.
2. The mixed powder production method according to claim 1, wherein the first mixing device is a three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer; the charging volume of the three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer reaches 50-80%.
3. The method of preparing mixed powder according to claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional high-efficiency mixer rotates at 20 to 30rpm for 1 to 5 hours.
4. The method for preparing mixed powder according to claim 1, wherein the second mixing device is a low-energy mechanical mixer having a charging volume of 30 to 60%; the rotating speed of the low-energy mechanical mixer is 30-40 rpm, and the mixing time is 1-5 h.
5. The mixed powder preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steel balls include four sizes of Φ 1mm, Φ 3mm, Φ 6mm, and Φ 10 mm.
6. The mixed powder production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steel ball weight ratio is 1.
7. The method of producing a mixed powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of the steel ball to the premixed powder is (0.1 to 0.3): 1.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrafine reinforcement particles are present in an amount of 10 to 30 vol.% and the aluminum matrix powder is present in an amount of 70 to 90 vol.%.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the ultrafine reinforcement particles are Al 2 O 3 One or more of Si, siC and AlN; the particle size of the superfine reinforcement particles is 0.5-10 mu m.
10. The mixed powder preparation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the aluminum matrix powder is one or more of pure aluminum, a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy and a 7-series aluminum alloy; the particle size of the aluminum matrix powder is 0.5-10 μm.
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