CN108060369A - The preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites - Google Patents

The preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108060369A
CN108060369A CN201711358049.4A CN201711358049A CN108060369A CN 108060369 A CN108060369 A CN 108060369A CN 201711358049 A CN201711358049 A CN 201711358049A CN 108060369 A CN108060369 A CN 108060369A
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sic
preparation
base composites
silicon carbide
ceramic fiber
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王通
董桂馥
孙毓彬
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Dalian University
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Dalian University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C47/00Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C47/00Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/08Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
    • C22C47/12Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C49/00Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04Light metals
    • C22C49/06Aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C49/00Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

This divisional application is related to the preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites, and addition Al particles dissolve each other with molten state Al based alloys, have many advantages, such as low cost compared with traditional solid phase method, liquid phase method, efficient.It is effectively controlled the generation of the interfacial reaction between SiC/Al.In friction, the interface product of film-form is spread composite material in which can organize crackle, enhances the combination power between strengthening material and matrix, improves the wear-resisting property of material.For silicon carbide ceramic fiber prepared by the present invention/particle reinforced metal-base composites compared with existing metal-base composites, the wear-resisting property of material is more excellent, is with a wide range of applications.

Description

The preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites
The application is Application No. 2017103685184, the applying date is on May 22nd, 2017, entitled " low pressure adds The divisional application of platen press making SiC ceramic fiber/particle reinforced Al- base alloy composite materials ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to SiC ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites is made under low pressure, particularly strengthen Al- Base alloy composite materials.
Background technology
In recent years, metal-base composites (Metal Material Composite:MMC) because its with high specific strength, Specific modulus and it is wear-resisting the advantages that it is made to be widely used on the fields such as locomotive, aviation.And with metal-based compound The appearance of material, the various manufacture crafts such as technologies such as elevated pressurization casting and powder metallurgic method are developed.However this The equal existing defects of two methods.
Carborundum (SiC) is due to stable chemical performance, thermal conductivity factor is high, coefficient of thermal expansion is small, wear-resisting property is good, except grinding Material also has a lot of other purposes with outer, and because it is with high intensity, the performance of high-modulus is got the nod by locomotive, aviation field. The particle reinforced metal alloy composite materials of SiC have been applied on the brake disc of Toyota Motor.But current research With SiC interfacial reaction will occur at high temperature for middle Al- based alloys, and mechanicalness of the interfacial reaction to material occurs under normal circumstances Negative interaction can be played, the species of interfacial reaction is more, bigger to the negative effect of mechanical performance, runs counter to addition rigid particles and improves The original intention of metal alloy mechanical performance.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention passes through low pressure pressurization (Low pressure infiltration:LPI SiC ceramic fiber/particle reinforced Al- base alloy composite materials) are prepared, the casting time is short, passes through suppression Interfacial reaction between SiC/Al processed makes alloy surface form film, prevents the diffusion of crackle, improve strengthening material and base material Combination power be allowed to the mechanicalness of composite material, wearability is improved.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
SiC ceramic fiber/particle reinforced Al- base alloy composite materials preparation methods are as follows:
(1) add in adhesive into the beaker equipped with ethyl alcohol, to be bonded dose be completely dissolved after add pure Al particles, SiC Son and SiC fibers make liquid adhere to SiC fibers/uniform particle;
(2) sample obtained by step (1) is put into test tube, while compresses test tube both ends, height is made as 1~2cm cylinders Cylinder is placed in 773K electric furnaces and heats by body, and adhesive is made to be taken out after decomposing entirely, obtains SiC ceramic idiosome;
(3) ceramic beads, SiC ceramic idiosome and Al- based alloys are arranged in order are placed on opening diameter 0.5 from the bottom up In the experiment tube of~0.8mm, Al- based alloys are heated to by high frequency heater and are completely melt, Ar gas is added in above test tube 0.2~0.4MPa makes liquid alloy penetrate into SiC ceramic idiosome to liquid alloy surface;When liquid alloy is from test tube sharp-crested In slowly flow out after stop pressurization, cooling obtain Al- base alloy composite materials.
Preferably, pure Al particle diameters are 18 μm, and SiC particle diameters are 20-50 μm, and SiC fibers exist for sheared length 0.5mm, the fiber that 20 μm of diameter.It under the size range, is more evenly distributed between particle, gap is little between particle, sample Wearability is optimal.
Preferably, step (2) is specially:Sample obtained by step (1) is put into the test tube of a diameter of 15mm, both ends are simultaneously It is compressed into a height of 1cm cylinders.When heating 1 is small in the electric furnace of temperature 773K, PEG is made to be taken out after decomposing completely, obtain SiC potteries Porcelain idiosome.
Preferably, step (3) is specially:By the ceramic beads of a diameter of 1mm, the idiosome of SiC ceramic and Al- based alloys from Under be up arranged in order and be placed in the experiment tube of 0.5~0.8mm of opening diameter, 1173K is heated to by high frequency heater It is completely melt Al- based alloys, stops pressurization, cooling after 0.2MPaAr gas-to-liquid body alloy surfaces 15s is added in above test tube Obtain Al- base alloy composite materials.
Preferably, the Al- based alloys are the albronze that Cu contents are 4mass% or the magnesium that Mg contents are 4mass% Aluminium alloy or the silico-aluminum that Si contents are 12mass%.
Preferably, described adhesive is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
When opening diameter excessive pressurization liquid alloy moment will flow out, too small will improve to pressure value requirement and nothing Method reaches the state of low pressure pressurization.The addition of ceramic beads can effectively prevent liquid from directly being sprayed after being pressurizeed, preferably, The a diameter of 1mm of ceramic beads.
The present invention can be completed using low pressure pressurization (0.2MPa) under low-down pressure, and the casting time is generally 15 Second, since the time is short, speed is fast, restrained effectively the generation of interfacial reaction, and a layer thickness is formd at 1 μm in alloy surface Following film.On the one hand the film can protect the surface of strengthening material such as carborundum, it is avoided to be damaged, on the other hand The film effectively prevents carborundum from coming off in friction, prevents the diffusion of crackle.Improving the combination power of carborundum and base material makes The wearability of composite material is improved.It is of the invention compared with traditional solid phase method, liquid phase method have preparation process it is simple, it is low into Originally, the advantages that efficient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the friction and wear test comparing result of metal-base composites of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Interface Microstructure stereoscan photograph after the friction of SiC/Al-Si metal-base composites;
Fig. 3 a are Interface Microstructure stereoscan photograph after SiC/Al-Cu frictions;
Fig. 3 b are Interface Microstructure transmission electron microscope photo after SiC/Al-Cu frictions;
Fig. 4 a are structure organization stereoscan photograph after SiC/Al-Mg frictions;
Fig. 4 b are structure organization transmission electron microscope photo after SiC/Al-Mg frictions.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment to technical scheme further instruction, but the present invention is not in any form It is limited to embodiment content.Experimental method described in embodiment is conventional method unless otherwise specified, unless otherwise specified, The chemical reagent and material, commercially obtain.
It is that (Cu contents are with Al-4mass%Cu to represent the composite material to SiC/Al-Cu involved in the present invention It is 4mass%) base material, the composite material prepared with SiC particles, SiC fibers;
SiC/Al-Si is represented with Al-12mass%Si (Si contents are 12mass%) as base material, fine with SiC particles, SiC Tie up the composite material prepared;;
SiC/Al-Mg is represented with Al-4mass%Mg (Mg contents are 4mass%) as base material, with SiC particles, SiC fibers The composite material of preparation;
Embodiment 1
2g adhesive PEG are added in into the beaker equipped with 20ml ethyl alcohol, until completely dissolved, add pure Al particles (diameter: 18 μm) the SiC particles (50 μm of diameter) of 0.8g, volume fraction 7.5vol.%, the SiC fibers of volume fraction 12.5vol.% are (straight Footpath:20 μm, sheared length 0.5mm), it is put into beaker and stirs, liquid mixture is made to adhere to SiC particles and SiC fibers.It will be mixed Sample after conjunction is put into the test tube of diameter 15mm, while compresses the both ends of test tube, compresses it into the cylinder of a height of 1cm simultaneously Be put into 773K electric furnaces heating 1 it is small when, PEG is made to be taken out after decomposing completely, SiC ceramic green body is made.
Using Al-4mass%Cu as base material, by the ceramic beads of a diameter of 1mm, SiC ceramic idiosome and Al-4mass%Cu Alloy is arranged in order the experiment tube for being placed on 0.5~0.8mm of opening diameter from the bottom up.Ceramic beads effect is to prevent that liquid is golden Moment streamer, the present embodiment use the alumina beads of diameter 1mm to category after the pressurizing.It will be tested by high frequency heater Pipe, which is heated to 1173K, is completely melt alloy.0.2MPaAr gas-to-liquid body alloy surfaces are added in above test tube, permeate alloy Into SiC ceramic idiosome, after liquid alloy and Al particle contacts, Al particles melt immediately, pressing time 15s.When liquid closes Gold stops pressurization after slowly being flowed out from test tube sharp-crested.MMC samples are obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 2
2g adhesive PEG are added in into the beaker equipped with 20ml ethyl alcohol, until completely dissolved, add pure Al particles (diameter: 18 μm) the SiC particles (50 μm of diameter) of 0.8g, volume fraction 7.5vol.%, the SiC fibers of volume fraction 12.5vol.% are (straight Footpath:20 μm, sheared length 0.5mm), it is put into beaker and stirs, liquid mixture is made to adhere to SiC particles and SiC fibers.It will be mixed Sample after conjunction is put into the test tube of diameter 15mm, while compresses the both ends of test tube, compresses it into the cylinder of a height of 1cm simultaneously Be put into 773K electric furnaces heating 1 it is small when, PEG is made to be taken out after decomposing completely, SiC ceramic green body is made.
Using Al-4mass%Mg as base material, by the ceramic beads of a diameter of 1mm, SiC ceramic idiosome and Al-4mass%Mg Alloy is arranged in order the experiment tube for being placed on 0.5~0.8mm of opening diameter from the bottom up.Ceramic beads effect is to prevent that liquid is golden Moment streamer, the present embodiment use the alumina beads of diameter 1mm to category after the pressurizing.It will be tested by high frequency heater Pipe, which is heated to 1173K, is completely melt alloy.0.2MPaAr gas-to-liquid body alloy surfaces are added in above test tube, permeate alloy Into SiC ceramic idiosome, after liquid alloy and Al particle contacts, Al particles melt immediately, pressing time 15s.When liquid closes Gold stops pressurization after slowly being flowed out from test tube sharp-crested.MMC samples are obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 3
2g adhesive PEG are added in into the beaker equipped with 20ml ethyl alcohol, until completely dissolved, add pure Al particles (diameter: 18 μm) the SiC particles (50 μm of diameter) of 0.8g, volume fraction 7.5vol.%, the SiC fibers of volume fraction 12.5vol.% are (straight Footpath:20 μm, sheared length 0.5mm), it is put into beaker and stirs, liquid mixture is made to adhere to SiC particles and SiC fibers.It will be mixed Sample after conjunction is put into the test tube of diameter 15mm, while compresses the both ends of test tube, compresses it into the cylinder of a height of 1cm simultaneously Be put into 773K electric furnaces heating 1 it is small when, PEG is made to be taken out after decomposing completely, SiC ceramic green body is made.
Using Al-12mass%Si as base material, by the ceramic beads of a diameter of 1mm, SiC ceramic idiosome and Al-12mass% Si alloys are arranged in order the experiment tube for being placed on 0.5~0.8mm of opening diameter from the bottom up.Ceramic beads effect is to prevent liquid Moment streamer, the present embodiment use the alumina beads of diameter 1mm to metal after the pressurizing.It will be real by high frequency heater Testing pipe and being heated to 1173K is completely melt alloy.0.2MPaAr gas-to-liquid body alloy surfaces are added in above test tube, ooze alloy Thoroughly into SiC ceramic idiosome, after liquid alloy and Al particle contacts, Al particles melt immediately, pressing time 15s.Work as liquid Alloy stops pressurization after slowly being flowed out from test tube sharp-crested.MMC samples are obtained after cooling.
The composite material prepared to embodiment 1, implementation 2 and embodiment 3 is tested for the property, and state is used according to GB/T4340 Family's Vickers hardness Biao Zhunshi hardness testers, the test Al-4mass%Cu, Al-4mass%Mg, Al- carried out in case of 1 kg load The Vickers hardness of tri- kinds of alloys of 12mass%Si is followed successively by 42,54,68.Content for Si in embodiment 3 is altogether when being 12% Fisheye possesses higher mechanical performance.The wear-resisting of frictional wear experiment three kinds of composite materials of test is passed through to above three material Property, abrasion resistance results are as shown in Figure 1.Transverse axis is frictional distance, and vertical pivot is mass loss, is got over the increase abrasion of frictional distance Small, wear-resisting property is better, and the abrasion decrement of the metal-base composites as made from SiC/Al-Cu is minimum, and wearability is best. The wear-resisting property of SiC/Al-Mg composite materials is better than SiC/Al-Si, but poorer than SiC/Al-Cu, this is because SiC/Al-Mg Between interfacial reaction improve combination power between strengthening material and matrix, and there are two kinds of interfacial reaction objects by SiC/Al-Mg. Due to the increase of reactant species, negative interaction is played again to the combination between interface.Embodiment 1Al-4mass%Cu after tested The hardness of base alloy composite materials is minimum, but the wearability of Al-4mass%Cu base alloy composite materials is best.
It is prepared by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy observation embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 Interfacial reaction situation in composite material between SiC and Al bases.As a result as shown in figs. 2 to 4.SiC/Al- as seen in Figure 2 Smooth between Si alloys, no interfacial reaction occurs, it can be seen that having interfacial reaction between SiC/Al-Cu alloys in Fig. 3 a, It is Al that interfacial reaction object is confirmed from Fig. 3 b4C3, it is seen that generating polynomial (1) reacts on interface:
3SiC(S)+4Al(L)→Al4C3(S)+3Si(L) (1)
It can be seen that having interfacial reaction between SiC/Al-Mg alloys from Fig. 4 a, interfacial reaction is confirmed from Fig. 4 b Object has Al4C3And Mg2Two kinds of Si, i.e., generating polynomial (2) reacts between alloy in comparative example 1
4Al(L)+3SiC(S)+6Mg(L)→Al4C3(S)+Mg2Si(S) (2)
In conclusion SiC/Al-Cu generates interface object Al4C3, SiC/Al-Mg generations interface object Al4C3With Mg2Si, SiC/ Occur between Al-Si without interfacial reaction.

Claims (4)

1. the preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites, which is characterized in that including following step Suddenly:
(1) SiC ceramic idiosome is prepared;
(2) ceramic beads, SiC ceramic idiosome and Al- based alloys are arranged in order placement from the bottom up, pass through high frequency heater It is heated to Al- based alloys to be completely melt, adds in 0.2~0.4MPa of Ar gases to liquid alloy surface, penetrate into liquid alloy In SiC ceramic idiosome;Stop pressurization after liquid alloy is slowly flowed out from test tube mouth, obtain metal-based compound material after cooling Material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a diameter of 1mm of ceramic beads in the step (2).
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that heater heating temperature is 1173K in step (2).
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that heater pressurization pressure is 0.2Mpa in step (2).
CN201711358049.4A 2017-05-22 2017-05-22 The preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic fiber/particle reinforced metal-base composites Pending CN108060369A (en)

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CN109402534A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-01 大连大学 The method for preparing particle Yu fibre strengthening Al base alloy composite materials using atom packing theory and low pressure pressurization
CN109695008A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-04-30 大连大学 Pass through the method for the theoretical production continuous fiber reinforced Al- base alloy composite materials of SiC of accumulation

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CN108930007A (en) * 2018-07-19 2018-12-04 大连大学 Alumina whisker REINFORCED Al-based composites preparation method
CN116141774A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-05-23 江苏礼德铝业有限公司 Aluminum plate with ceramic fibers and manufacturing method thereof

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109402534A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-01 大连大学 The method for preparing particle Yu fibre strengthening Al base alloy composite materials using atom packing theory and low pressure pressurization
CN109695008A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-04-30 大连大学 Pass through the method for the theoretical production continuous fiber reinforced Al- base alloy composite materials of SiC of accumulation

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