CN115278419A - Broadband underwater acoustic transducer - Google Patents
Broadband underwater acoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115278419A CN115278419A CN202210824442.2A CN202210824442A CN115278419A CN 115278419 A CN115278419 A CN 115278419A CN 202210824442 A CN202210824442 A CN 202210824442A CN 115278419 A CN115278419 A CN 115278419A
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- flextensional
- shell
- underwater acoustic
- acoustic transducer
- flextensional shell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R15/00—Magnetostrictive transducers
- H04R15/02—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
Abstract
The invention provides a broadband underwater acoustic transducer, and belongs to the field of acoustic sensing. The problem that the bandwidth of the existing underwater acoustic transducer is narrow is solved. It includes flextensional shell and oscillator assembly body, flextensional shell constitutes for the curved casing of U type through two cross-sections, flextensional shell's minor axis both sides all are provided with first oval casing, flextensional shell and first oval casing structure as an organic whole, the oscillator assembly body is connected in flextensional shell's inside along major axis direction. It is mainly used for underwater electroacoustic energy conversion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of acoustic sensing, and particularly relates to a broadband underwater acoustic transducer.
Background
The underwater acoustic transducer is a device for realizing underwater electro-acoustic energy conversion. With the rapid development of modern sonar technology and the continuous expansion of the application range of underwater acoustics, the requirements on the working performance of the underwater acoustic transducer are higher and higher. At present, a low-frequency, high-power, small-size and broadband transmitting transducer is the main direction of research of underwater acoustic transducers. With the rapid development of underwater acoustic signal processing technology, more information needs to be acquired from the underwater acoustic transducer, and increasing the bandwidth of the transducer can improve the transmission rate of the information, reduce the error rate of information transmission and improve the reliability of communication.
Common methods for realizing broadband emission of the transducer include multimode coupling, matching layer technology, formation of a base array and the like. The multimode coupling has wide applicability, low cost and obvious effect, and is the most effective method for forming the broadband. The main principle of multi-mode coupling is to make a transducer generate more than two modes, or only one vibration mode but adjust the distance between the fundamental frequency and the high-order mode, so that the response curve of the transducer does not have too deep valleys between the resonance peaks to achieve the effect of widening the working frequency band of the transducer. In many cases, however, the coupling between two adjacent modes does not improve with decreasing distance in the frequency domain. This phenomenon is caused by too small a phase difference between adjacent modes.
The IV type flextensional transducer is a low-frequency, high-power and small-sized underwater acoustic transducer, the flextensional housing of the IV type flextensional transducer is usually an elliptical tube, the driving element is tightly installed inside the housing along the long axis direction of the elliptical tube, the flextensional mode of the elliptical tube housing is excited by the longitudinal stretching vibration of the driving element, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5. The flextensional transducer utilizes the lever principle and has the displacement amplification effect, so the flextensional transducer has the characteristic of high power; the traditional flextensional transducer mainly utilizes the first-order flextensional mode of the shell to carry out sound radiation, so that the traditional flextensional transducer has the advantages of low frequency and small size. However, the conventional flextensional transducer can only work in a first-order flextensional mode, so that the bandwidth of the flextensional transducer is narrow, and the application of the flextensional transducer is limited to a certain extent.
The reason that the conventional IV type flextensional transducer can only utilize the first order flextensional mode to perform single mode operation is that a pit which is difficult to eliminate exists between the resonant frequencies of the first order flextensional mode and the second order flextensional mode on the transmission voltage response curve. Resulting in excessive ripple and failure to form bandwidth. This is because the vibration phase difference between the first order flextensional mode and the second order flextensional mode is too small. Resulting in a frequency point between the two resonant frequencies where the transducer volume displacement amplitude is very small.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a broadband underwater acoustic transducer to solve the problem of the existing underwater acoustic transducer that the bandwidth is narrow.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a broadband underwater acoustic transducer, it includes the flextensional casing and vibrator assembly body, the flextensional casing passes through two cross-sections and constitutes for the curved casing of U type, the minor axis both sides of flextensional casing all are provided with first oval casing, flextensional casing and first oval casing structure as an organic whole, the vibrator assembly body is connected in flextensional casing's inside along major axis direction.
Furthermore, a second elliptical shell is arranged at the outer end of the short shaft of the first elliptical shell, and the second elliptical shell and the flextensional shell are of an integral structure.
Furthermore, the vibrator assembly body comprises a transition block and a driving element, wherein the transition block is arranged at each of two ends of the driving element, and the transition block is connected with the inner side of the flextensional shell.
Furthermore, the driving element comprises a piezoelectric single crystal stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric single crystal chips, and the piezoelectric single crystal chips are connected in parallel on a circuit.
Furthermore, the driving element comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the ceramic pieces are connected in parallel on a circuit.
Furthermore, the driving element comprises a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil framework is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil is wound on the coil framework, and two permanent magnetic sheets are respectively arranged at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod.
Furthermore, the longitudinal dimension of the vibrator assembly body is larger than the distance between the bottoms of the two shells with the U-shaped cross sections.
Furthermore, two ends of the underwater acoustic transducer are sealed through cover plates, a base plate is arranged between each cover plate and the corresponding flextensional shell, the cover plates at the two ends are fastened through threaded rods, cable heads are arranged on the cover plates, and cables are connected to the cable heads.
Furthermore, the backing plate adopts the silica gel board, and thickness is 5mm, and threaded rod 8 is stainless steel, and the apron is stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber material.
Furthermore, the flextensional shell and the transition block are made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a broadband underwater acoustic transducer with high power, low frequency and simple structure. The short shaft two end parts of the traditional IV-type flextensional shell are replaced by a smaller elliptical shell to form a novel transducer structure form of a new flextensional shell. Therefore, the vibration phase of the second-order flextensional mode is greatly changed on the basis of not changing the vibration phase of the first-order flextensional mode, so that the first-order flextensional mode can be directly coupled with the second-order flextensional mode. It is proved that the flextensional mode can improve the coupling condition of the adjacent modes by adjusting the phase difference between the modes like other modes.
The first-order flextensional mode of the small elliptic shell is externally driven by the second-order flextensional mode, the control of the first-order flextensional mode externally driven by the small elliptic shell can be realized mainly by adjusting the position of the small elliptic shell, the influence of the small elliptic shell on the vibration phase of the first-order flextensional mode is relatively small, and the vibration phase of the second-order flextensional mode of the transducer can be greatly changed. Through the mechanical coupling of the driving element and the flextensional shell, different vibration modes of the shell are excited in different frequency ranges, and the broadband emission of the transducer is realized by utilizing the coupling of the first-order flextensional mode and the second-order flextensional mode.
The invention can obviously increase the phase difference between the first-order flextensional mode and the second-order flextensional mode of the transducer, thereby eliminating the over-deep valley between the first-order second-order bending vibration on the transmission voltage response curve of the traditional IV-type flextensional transducer, reducing the response fluctuation of the transducer in the whole frequency band and realizing the broadband transmission of the flextensional transducer. And the reason that the first-order and second-order flextensional modes of the traditional IV-type flextensional transducer cannot be coupled is that the phase difference between the modes is too small.
The broadband underwater acoustic transducer adopts the basic principle of the flextensional transducer, thereby having the advantages of low frequency, high power, small size and light weight. The broadband underwater acoustic transducer shell is a translation body with a closed curve, has a simple and compact structure and is easy to realize. The frequency-adjustable frequency divider has the characteristics of low frequency, high power, wide frequency band and simple structure. The broadband underwater acoustic transducer can be applied to the fields of underwater acoustic detection, countermeasure, communication, measurement, ocean resource exploration and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband underwater acoustic transducer for adjusting the phase difference of the first three-order flextensional modes according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a test graph of the transmission voltage response of a broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional IV flextensional transducer according to the present invention.
1-flextensional shell, 2-first elliptical shell, 3-second elliptical shell, 4-transition block, 5-driving element, 6-cover plate, 7-backing plate, 8-threaded rod, 9-cable head, 10-cable, 11-first resonance peak, 12-second resonance peak.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
Example 1: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and a broadband underwater acoustic transducer includes a flextensional shell 1 and a vibrator assembly, wherein the flextensional shell 1 is composed of two shells with U-shaped cross sections, first elliptical shells 2 are arranged on two sides of a short axis of the flextensional shell 1, the flextensional shell 1 and the first elliptical shells 2 are of an integral structure, and the vibrator assembly is connected to the interior of the flextensional shell 1 along the direction of the long axis.
In this embodiment, the flextensional shell 1 is an elliptical metal pipe, which is a metal shell with two U-shaped cross sections, the outer end part of the short axis of the elliptical metal pipe is replaced by a smaller elliptical metal pipe to form the first elliptical shell 2, the material is preferably an aluminum alloy material, and the nodes near the short axis in the second-order flextensional mode are located at the two ends of the long axis of the first elliptical shell 2. Two sides of the flextensional shell 1 are sealed by cover plates and flexible materials; by deforming the flextensional shell 1 in advance, the vibrator assembly is fixed in the flextensional shell 1 by the pressure generated by increasing the length of the long axis of the whole flextensional shell 1, and the vibrator assembly is rigidly connected with the inner wall of the flextensional shell. The total length is about 120mm.
In the embodiment, two end parts of a short shaft of a traditional IV-type flextensional shell are replaced by the smaller first elliptical shell 2, so that the vibration phase of a second-order flextensional mode is greatly changed on the basis of not changing the vibration phase of a first-order flextensional mode, the first-order flextensional mode can be directly coupled with the second-order flextensional mode, the flextensional mode is proved to be the same as other modes, and the coupling condition of adjacent modes can be improved by adjusting the phase difference between the modes. And the broadband emission of the transducer is realized by utilizing the vibration coupling between the first-order bending vibration and the second-order bending vibration of the transducer.
In the embodiment, the vibrator assembly body comprises a transition block 4 and a driving element 5, the two ends of the driving element 5 are respectively provided with the transition block 4, the transition block 4 is connected with the inner side of the flextensional shell 1, and the transition block 4 is preferably made of an aluminum alloy material. The length of the long shaft is increased by applying pressure to two ends of the short shaft of the flextensional shell 1, the vibrator assembly body is placed in the flextensional shell 1, then the pressure is released, and the vibrator assembly body is fixed in the flextensional shell 1 through prestress and is rigidly connected with the transducer shell.
The drive element 5 is preferably in one of three forms:
form 1: the driving element 5 comprises a piezoelectric single crystal stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric single crystal wafers, and the piezoelectric single crystal wafers are connected in parallel on a circuit.
Form 2: the driving element 5 comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are connected in parallel on a circuit.
Form 3: the driving element 5 comprises a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil framework is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil is wound on the coil framework, and two permanent magnetic sheets are respectively arranged at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod.
The longitudinal dimension of the vibrator assembly body is larger than the distance between the bottoms of the two shells with the U-shaped cross sections. The vibrator assembly is fixed in the flextensional shell 1 by deforming the flextensional shell 1 in advance and by using the pressure generated by increasing the distance between the bottoms of the two U-shaped curves in the flextensional shell 1.
Two ends of the underwater acoustic transducer are sealed through cover plates 6, and a base plate 7 is arranged between the cover plates 6 and the flextensional shell 1 to play a role in sealing and vibration isolation. The cover plates 6 at two ends are fastened at two ends of the flextensional shell 1 through threaded rods 8, so that a closed air cavity is formed inside the transducer. The cover plate 6 is provided with a cable head 9, and the cable head 9 is connected with a cable 10. The backing plate 7 adopts the silica gel board, and thickness is 5mm, and threaded rod 8 is stainless steel material, and apron 6 is stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber material, and apron 6 preferred is aluminum alloy material.
The flextensional shell 1 and the transition block 4 are made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber.
In this embodiment, taking the driving element 5 as an example of a piezoelectric single crystal stack, when the transducer works, an alternating current load is applied to the piezoelectric single crystal stack through the cable 10, because the wafer has a piezoelectric effect, the entire piezoelectric single crystal stack generates longitudinal stretching vibration, different vibration modes of the housing are excited in different frequency ranges through mechanical coupling of the driving element 5 and the flextensional housing 1, and broadband emission of the transducer is realized by coupling of a first-order flextensional mode and a second-order flextensional mode. The transmit voltage response test curve for the transducer is shown in figure 4. The transmit voltage response is the ratio of the product of the sound pressure at a reference distance from its equivalent acoustic center and the reference distance of the transmitting transducer in the far field in a given direction at a frequency and the voltage applied to the input electrical terminal. In FIG. 4, the first harmonic peak 11 is generated by the first order flextensional mode of the transducer, with a resonant frequency of about 2.3kHz; the second resonant peak 12 is generated by the second order flextensional mode of the transducer and has a resonant frequency of about 5.2kHz. In the frequency range of 2kHz-7kHz, the maximum transmitting voltage of the transducer responds to 110dB, the response fluctuates by 6.7dB, and the broadband transmission of the transducer can be realized.
The phase difference between the first-order flextensional mode and the second-order flextensional mode of the transducer can be obviously increased, so that the over-deep valley between the first-order second-order bending vibration on the transmission voltage response curve of the traditional IV-type flextensional transducer is eliminated, the response fluctuation of the transducer in the whole frequency band is reduced, and the broadband transmission of the flextensional transducer is realized.
Example 2: the embodiment is improved on the basis of embodiment 1, the outer end of the short axis of the first elliptical shell 2 is provided with a second elliptical shell 3, the second elliptical shell 3 and the flextensional shell 1 are of an integral structure, and the part at the outer end of the short axis of the first elliptical shell 2 is replaced by the smaller second elliptical shell 3 to form the flextensional shell 1 structure. The whole shell excites the first-order flextensional mode of a smaller elliptic shell under the third-order flextensional mode. Therefore, the phase of the three-order flextensional mode is adjusted, the coupling condition of the three-order flextensional mode and the first two modes is improved, and the bandwidth of the transducer is further widened. The rest of this example is the same as example 1.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended merely to aid in the explanation of the invention. The examples are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband underwater transducer, characterized by: it includes flextensional shell (1) and oscillator assembly body, flextensional shell (1) comprises for the curved casing of U type through two cross-sections, the minor axis both sides of flextensional shell (1) all are provided with first oval casing (2), flextensional shell (1) and first oval casing (2) structure as an organic whole, the oscillator assembly body is connected in the inside of flextensional shell (1) along major axis direction.
2. A wideband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer end of the short shaft of the first elliptical shell (2) is provided with a second elliptical shell (3), and the second elliptical shell (3) and the flextensional shell (1) are of an integrated structure.
3. A broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the vibrator assembly body comprises a transition block (4) and a driving element (5), wherein the transition block (4) is arranged at each of two ends of the driving element (5), and the transition block (4) is connected with the inner side of the flextensional shell (1).
4. A wideband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving element (5) comprises a piezoelectric single crystal stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric single crystal chips, and the piezoelectric single crystal chips are connected in parallel on a circuit.
5. A broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving element (5) comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are connected in parallel on a circuit.
6. A broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving element (5) comprises a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil framework is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil is wound on the coil framework, and a permanent magnet sheet is respectively arranged at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod.
7. A wideband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the longitudinal dimension of the vibrator assembly body is larger than the distance between the bottoms of the two shells with the U-shaped cross sections.
8. A wideband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the underwater acoustic transducer is characterized in that two ends of the underwater acoustic transducer are sealed through cover plates (6), a base plate (7) is arranged between each cover plate (6) and the corresponding flextensional shell (1), the cover plates (6) at the two ends are fastened through threaded rods (8), cable heads (9) are arranged on the cover plates (6), and cables (10) are connected to the cable heads (9).
9. The broadband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 8, wherein: the backing plate (7) adopts the silica gel board, and thickness is 5mm, and threaded rod 8 is stainless steel, and apron (6) are stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber material.
10. A wideband underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the flextensional shell (1) and the transition block (4) are made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210824442.2A CN115278419A (en) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210824442.2A CN115278419A (en) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
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| CN115278419A true CN115278419A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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| CN202210824442.2A Pending CN115278419A (en) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2672179A1 (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-31 | Thomson Csf | FLEXIBLE ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FOR DEEP IMMERSION. |
| CN102682756A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultralow-frequency flexual-tensional underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN108435523A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Droplet-shaped flextensional transducer |
| CN108877756A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-11-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of low frequency annulus energy converter of flextensional structure driving |
-
2022
- 2022-07-14 CN CN202210824442.2A patent/CN115278419A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2672179A1 (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-31 | Thomson Csf | FLEXIBLE ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FOR DEEP IMMERSION. |
| CN102682756A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultralow-frequency flexual-tensional underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN108435523A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Droplet-shaped flextensional transducer |
| CN108877756A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-11-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of low frequency annulus energy converter of flextensional structure driving |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 张光斌;邓云云;张小凤;林书玉;王峰;: "抑制宽带双激励换能器发射响应起伏的电学方法", 中国科学:技术科学, no. 11, 20 November 2016 (2016-11-20) * |
| 李志强;莫喜平;张运强;崔斌;潘耀宗;李鹏;: "嵌入式外部驱动IV型弯张换能器设计", 声学技术, no. 06, 15 December 2015 (2015-12-15) * |
| 许延峰: "超磁致伸缩材料驱动低频宽带弯张换能器研究", 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库基础科学辑, 15 May 2021 (2021-05-15), pages 9 - 18 * |
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