CN115277291B - A MBUS anti-interference device for cold chain - Google Patents
A MBUS anti-interference device for cold chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及冷链MBUS设备技术领域，具体涉及一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置。The invention relates to the technical field of cold chain MBUS equipment, in particular to an MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain.
背景技术Background technique
MBUS总线通信技术具有无极性、可多级级联的特性，对传输线的要求较低，被广泛的应用在轻负载的远程抄表系统中，如水表、电表以及燃气表等。主站发送为电压方式，即主站通过改变总线电压值来实现对从站进行数据传输，静默状态为“1”，当总线电压产生12V的压降时，则表示主站对从站发送了数据“0”；从站则为电流方式，即从站则通过改变电流的大小来实现与主站之间的通信，静默时总线电流小于等于1.5mA，为状态“1”，若想发送数据“0”时，则需要增大总线电流11-20mA。MBUS bus communication technology has the characteristics of non-polarity and multi-level cascading, and has low requirements for transmission lines. It is widely used in light-load remote meter reading systems, such as water meters, electricity meters, and gas meters. The master station sends in voltage mode, that is, the master station transmits data to the slave station by changing the bus voltage value, and the silent state is "1". When the bus voltage produces a voltage drop of 12V, it means that the master station sends data to the slave station. The data is "0"; the slave station is in the current mode, that is, the slave station realizes the communication with the master station by changing the magnitude of the current. When the bus current is less than or equal to 1.5mA in silence, it is in the state "1". If you want to send data When "0", it is necessary to increase the bus current by 11-20mA.
在进行冷链行业环境参数安全探测时，采用MBUS总线进行数据传输是一种简单、方便的通信方案。由于MBUS总线技术是来源于远程抄表这样的应用场所，其缺点主要体现在对高负载系统的不适应性，大电流的干扰会导致通信信噪比和可靠性降低，因此对远程负载的功率限制比较严格，一般要求静默状态下远程从站的电流消耗不超过3mA，远程从站只有数据采集功能，在限定的从站个数下，MBUS总线静默电流一般可以忽略；但是当从站数量超过限定值时，从站静默电流的叠加会导致MBUS总线静态电流增大，MBUS总线静态电流的增大可能导致从站向主站发送数据时，MBUS总线的电压变化过小，造成数据发送失败。When conducting safety detection of environmental parameters in the cold chain industry, using the MBUS bus for data transmission is a simple and convenient communication solution. Since the MBUS bus technology is derived from the application places such as remote meter reading, its disadvantages are mainly reflected in the incompatibility to high-load systems, and the interference of large currents will lead to a decrease in the communication signal-to-noise ratio and reliability, so the power of remote loads The restriction is relatively strict. It is generally required that the current consumption of the remote slave station in the silent state does not exceed 3mA. The remote slave station only has the function of data acquisition. Under the limited number of slave stations, the silent current of the MBUS bus can generally be ignored; but when the number of slave stations exceeds When the limit value is set, the superposition of the silent current of the slave station will cause the quiescent current of the MBUS bus to increase, and the increase of the quiescent current of the MBUS bus may cause the voltage change of the MBUS bus to be too small when the slave station sends data to the master station, resulting in data transmission failure.
在冷链行业中，由于远程报警装置、远程从站显示模块等高耗电单元的存在，会导致远程从站的静默电流较大（≥200mA），此时，传统的MBUS总线通信技术已经不能完全适应工业生产现场的需求，必须从软件机制和硬件电路两方面进行技术改进，实现总线静态电流的自适应检测、比较，提高MBUS总线技术的可靠性、适应性。In the cold chain industry, due to the existence of high power consumption units such as remote alarm devices and remote slave station display modules, the silent current of the remote slave station will be large (≥200mA). At this time, the traditional MBUS bus communication technology can no longer To fully adapt to the needs of industrial production sites, technical improvements must be made from two aspects of software mechanism and hardware circuit to realize adaptive detection and comparison of bus quiescent current, and improve the reliability and adaptability of MBUS bus technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
对于现有技术中所存在的问题，本发明提供的一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置，利用电流自适应电路能够实时的检测MBUS总线的静态电流并根据该静态电流调整从站向MBUS总线通信时的参考电压，实现主站收数据前对参考电压的修正；利用通信干扰抑制电路可以补偿从站在向MBUS总线通信时的电流幅值，特别是从站处于高负载状态时，使从站向MBUS总线上的发送电流保持不变；电流自适应电路和通信干扰抑制电路共同作用，提高了从站通信时的可靠性和抗干扰性。For the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of MBUS anti-interference device for cold chain, which can detect the quiescent current of the MBUS bus in real time by using the current adaptive circuit and adjust the slave station to MBUS according to the quiescent current. The reference voltage during bus communication realizes the correction of the reference voltage before the master station receives data; the communication interference suppression circuit can compensate the current amplitude of the slave station when it communicates with the MBUS bus, especially when the slave station is in a high load state. The sending current from the slave station to the MBUS bus remains unchanged; the current adaptive circuit and the communication interference suppression circuit work together to improve the reliability and anti-interference performance of the slave station in communication.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置，包括：A MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain, comprising:
MBUS总线，所述MBUS总线上耦合有一个主站和若干从站；MBUS bus, a master station and several slave stations are coupled on the MBUS bus;
电流自适应电路，所述电流自适应电路与所述MBUS总线耦合，所述电流自适应电路能够根据所述MBUS总线的静态电流调整所述从站向所述MBUS总线通信时的参考电压；A current adaptive circuit, the current adaptive circuit is coupled to the MBUS bus, and the current adaptive circuit can adjust the reference voltage when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus according to the static current of the MBUS bus;
通信干扰抑制电路，所述通信干扰抑制电路分别与所述MBUS总线和所述从站耦合，所述通信干扰抑制电路能够使所述从站向所述MBUS总线通信时所述MBUS总线的电流增幅保持稳定。A communication interference suppression circuit, the communication interference suppression circuit is respectively coupled with the MBUS bus and the slave station, and the communication interference suppression circuit can increase the current of the MBUS bus when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus keep it steady.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述电流自适应电路包括主站接收电路、电压跟随电路、PWM电路和信号比较电路，所述主站接收电路的输入端与所述MBUS总线耦合，所述电压跟随电路的输入端与所述主站接收电路的输出端耦合，所述PWM电路的输出端和所述电压跟随电路的输出端均与所述信号比较电路的输入端耦合，所述信号比较电路的输出端与所述主站的输入端耦合。As a preferred technical solution, the current adaptive circuit includes a master station receiving circuit, a voltage follower circuit, a PWM circuit and a signal comparison circuit, the input terminal of the master station receiving circuit is coupled with the MBUS bus, and the voltage The input end of the follower circuit is coupled to the output end of the receiving circuit of the master station, the output end of the PWM circuit and the output end of the voltage follower circuit are both coupled to the input end of the signal comparison circuit, and the signal comparison circuit The output terminal of is coupled with the input terminal of the master station.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述主站接收电路包括总线测量电阻和电流检测放大组件，所述总线测量电阻串联于所述MBUS总线上，所述电流检测放大组件的输入端分别与所述总线测量电阻的两端耦合，所述电流检测放大组件的输出端与所述电压跟随电路的输入端耦合。As a preferred technical solution, the receiving circuit of the master station includes a bus measurement resistor and a current detection amplifier assembly, the bus measurement resistor is connected in series on the MBUS bus, and the input terminals of the current detection amplifier assembly are respectively connected to the Both ends of the bus measurement resistor are coupled, and the output terminal of the current detection amplifier component is coupled with the input terminal of the voltage follower circuit.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述电流检测放大组件设为电流传感器。As a preferred technical solution, the current detection amplifier component is set as a current sensor.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述PWM电路与所述信号比较电路之间设有滤波电路，所述PWM电路的输出端与所述滤波电路耦合，所述滤波电路的输出端与所述信号比较电路耦合。As a preferred technical solution, a filter circuit is provided between the PWM circuit and the signal comparison circuit, the output end of the PWM circuit is coupled to the filter circuit, and the output end of the filter circuit is coupled to the signal Comparator circuit coupling.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述信号比较电路设为数据表，所述滤波电路的输出端和所述电压跟随电路的输出端均与所述数据表的输入端耦合，所述数据表的输出端与所述主站的输入端耦合。As a preferred technical solution, the signal comparison circuit is set as a data table, the output end of the filter circuit and the output end of the voltage follower circuit are all coupled with the input end of the data table, and the output end of the data table An output is coupled to the input of the master station.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述通信干扰抑制电路包括从站发送电路和电流源补偿电路。As a preferred technical solution, the communication interference suppression circuit includes a slave station sending circuit and a current source compensation circuit.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述从站发送电路包括依次耦合的电源端、并联电阻、第一三极管和第二三极管，所述第二三极管的输出端为信号输出端。As a preferred technical solution, the sending circuit of the slave station includes a sequentially coupled power supply terminal, a parallel resistor, a first transistor and a second transistor, and the output terminal of the second transistor is a signal output terminal .
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述电流源补偿电路包括模转换集成芯片，所述模转换集成芯片的输出端耦合有比较器，所述比较器的输出端与所述MBUS总线耦合。As a preferred technical solution, the current source compensation circuit includes an analog conversion integrated chip, an output end of the analog conversion integrated chip is coupled to a comparator, and an output end of the comparator is coupled to the MBUS bus.
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述比较器与所述MBUS总线之间耦合有三极管。As a preferred technical solution, a triode is coupled between the comparator and the MBUS bus.
本发明的有益效果表现在：The beneficial effects of the present invention are manifested in:
本发明利用电流自适应电路能够实时的检测MBUS总线的静态电流并根据该静态电流调整从站向MBUS总线通信时的参考电压，实现主站收数据前对参考电压的修正；利用通信干扰抑制电路可以补偿从站在向MBUS总线通信时的电流幅值，特别是从站处于高负载状态时，使从站向MBUS总线上的发送电流保持不变；电流自适应电路和通信干扰抑制电路共同作用，提高了从站通信时的可靠性和抗干扰性。The invention utilizes the current adaptive circuit to detect the static current of the MBUS bus in real time and adjusts the reference voltage when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus according to the static current, so as to realize the correction of the reference voltage before the master station receives data; the communication interference suppression circuit is used It can compensate the current amplitude when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus, especially when the slave station is in a high-load state, so that the current sent from the slave station to the MBUS bus remains unchanged; the current adaptive circuit and the communication interference suppression circuit work together , improving the reliability and anti-interference of the slave station communication.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中主站接收电路的电路图；Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of master station receiving circuit in a kind of MBUS anti-jamming device that is used for cold chain of the present invention;
图2为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中电压跟随电路的电路图；Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the voltage follower circuit in a kind of MBUS anti-jamming device used for cold chain of the present invention;
图3为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中信号比较电路的电路图；Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the signal comparison circuit in the MBUS anti-interference device for cold chain of the present invention;
图4为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中滤波电路的电路图；Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the filter circuit in the MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain of the present invention;
图5为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中从站发送电路的电路图；Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the slave station sending circuit in the MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain of the present invention;
图6为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置中电流源补偿电路的电路图。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a current source compensation circuit in an MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了便于本领域技术人员理解，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请参照图1-图6，为本发明一种用于冷链的MBUS抗干扰装置的一种实施例，包括：Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6, which is an embodiment of an MBUS anti-jamming device for cold chain of the present invention, including:
MBUS总线，MBUS总线上耦合有一个主站和若干从站，主站与从站通过MBUS总线实现通信；MBUS bus, a master station and several slave stations are coupled on the MBUS bus, and the master station and slave stations communicate through the MBUS bus;
电流自适应电路，电流自适应电路与MBUS总线耦合，电流自适应电路能够根据MBUS总线的静态电流调整从站向MBUS总线通信时的参考电压，电流自适应电路实时的检测MBUS总线上的静态电流，并根据该静态电流调整从站向MBUS总线通信时的参考电压，实现主站收数据前对参考电压的修正；Current adaptive circuit, the current adaptive circuit is coupled with the MBUS bus, the current adaptive circuit can adjust the reference voltage when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus according to the static current of the MBUS bus, and the current adaptive circuit detects the static current on the MBUS bus in real time , and adjust the reference voltage when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus according to the quiescent current, so as to realize the correction of the reference voltage before the master station receives data;
通信干扰抑制电路，通信干扰抑制电路分别与MBUS总线和从站耦合，通信干扰抑制电路能够使从站向MBUS总线通信时MBUS总线的电流增幅保持稳定，可以补偿从站在向MBUS总线通信时的电流，特别是从站处于高负载状态时，使从站向MBUS总线上的发送电流保持不变。Communication interference suppression circuit, the communication interference suppression circuit is coupled with the MBUS bus and the slave station respectively, the communication interference suppression circuit can keep the current increase of the MBUS bus stable when the slave station communicates with the MBUS bus, and can compensate the slave station when it communicates with the MBUS bus. Current, especially when the slave station is in a high-load state, keeps the current sent from the slave station to the MBUS bus constant.
在本实施例中，请参照图1-图4，电流自适应电路包括主站接收电路、电压跟随电路、PWM电路和信号比较电路，主站接收电路的输入端与MBUS总线耦合，主站接收电路用于实时检测MBUS总线的静态电流，并输出放大的电压信号；电压跟随电路的输入端与主站接收电路的输出端耦合，电压跟随电路接收放大的电压信号，并提升电压信号的输出阻抗；PWM电路的输出端和电压跟随电路的输出端均与信号比较电路的输入端耦合，PWM电路用于输出一个比较值，信号比较电路通过比较电压信号和比较值后可以输出稳定的发送信号；信号比较电路的输出端与主站的输入端耦合，主站可以接收该稳定的发送信号。In this embodiment, please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 4, the current self-adaptive circuit comprises master station receiving circuit, voltage following circuit, PWM circuit and signal comparison circuit, the input terminal of master station receiving circuit is coupled with MBUS bus, master station receives The circuit is used to detect the quiescent current of the MBUS bus in real time and output an amplified voltage signal; the input end of the voltage follower circuit is coupled with the output end of the receiving circuit of the master station, and the voltage follower circuit receives the amplified voltage signal and increases the output impedance of the voltage signal The output end of the PWM circuit and the output end of the voltage follower circuit are coupled with the input end of the signal comparison circuit, the PWM circuit is used to output a comparison value, and the signal comparison circuit can output a stable sending signal after comparing the voltage signal and the comparison value; The output terminal of the signal comparison circuit is coupled to the input terminal of the master station, and the master station can receive the stable sending signal.
在前述实施例的基础上，请参照图1和图2，主站接收电路包括总线测量电阻（R_MEA）和电流检测放大组件（INA168），总线测量电阻（R_MEA）串联于MBUS总线上，电流检测放大组件（INA168）的输入端分别与总线测量电阻（R_MEA）的两端耦合，电流检测放大组件（INA168）用于检测总线测量电阻（R_MEA）上的实时电流并在输出端（CURRENT_MEA）处输出放大的电压信号；具体的，电流检测放大组件优选的设为信号为INA168的电流传感器；电流检测放大组件（INA168）的输出端（CURRENT_MEA）与电压跟随电路的输入端耦合。On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the receiving circuit of the master station includes a bus measurement resistor (R_MEA) and a current detection amplifier component (INA168), the bus measurement resistor (R_MEA) is connected in series on the MBUS bus, and the current detection The input terminals of the amplification component (INA168) are respectively coupled to both ends of the bus measurement resistor (R_MEA), and the current detection amplifier component (INA168) is used to detect the real-time current on the bus measurement resistor (R_MEA) and output it at the output terminal (CURRENT_MEA) The amplified voltage signal; specifically, the current detection amplifier component is preferably set as a current sensor whose signal is INA168; the output terminal (CURRENT_MEA) of the current detection amplifier component (INA168) is coupled to the input terminal of the voltage follower circuit.
在前述实施例的基础上，请参照图4，PWM电路与信号比较电路之间设有滤波电路，PWM电路的输出端（MCU_PWM）与滤波电路耦合；具体的，滤波电路可以包括两个滤波电容（C11和C12）实现对PWM电路的比较值进行滤波；滤波电路的输出端（CURRENT_REF）与信号比较电路耦合。On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, please refer to FIG. 4, a filter circuit is provided between the PWM circuit and the signal comparison circuit, and the output terminal (MCU_PWM) of the PWM circuit is coupled to the filter circuit; specifically, the filter circuit may include two filter capacitors (C11 and C12) to filter the comparison value of the PWM circuit; the output terminal (CURRENT_REF) of the filter circuit is coupled with the signal comparison circuit.
在前述实施例的基础上，请参照图2和图3，信号比较电路优选的设为数据表（TLV3201），滤波电路的输出端（CURRENT_REF）和电压跟随电路的输出端（MCU_AD0）均与数据表（TLV3201）的输入端耦合，数据表（TLV3201）的输出端与主站的输入端耦合，主站可以接收数据表（TLV3201）发出的稳定的发送信号；具体的，数据表的型号优选的设为TLV3201，主站设为单片机，单片机通过串口接收引脚与数据表（TLV3201）耦合。On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the signal comparison circuit is preferably set as a data table (TLV3201), the output terminal (CURRENT_REF) of the filter circuit and the output terminal (MCU_AD0) of the voltage follower circuit are both connected to the data The input terminal of the table (TLV3201) is coupled, the output terminal of the data table (TLV3201) is coupled with the input terminal of the master station, and the master station can receive the stable sending signal from the data table (TLV3201); specifically, the model of the data table is preferred It is set as TLV3201, the master station is set as single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer is coupled with the data table (TLV3201) through the serial port receiving pin.
在本实施例中，请参照图5和图6，通信干扰抑制电路包括从站发送电路和电流源补偿电路，从站发送电路可以提高发送电流的方便性，并降低功率；电流源补偿电路对从站发送数据时的总线电流减少幅值进行补偿，使得总线电流能够达到设计数值，保证了数据传输的可靠性。In this embodiment, please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the communication interference suppression circuit includes a slave station sending circuit and a current source compensation circuit, the slave station sending circuit can improve the convenience of sending current and reduce power; the current source compensation circuit is The reduction amplitude of the bus current when the slave station sends data is compensated, so that the bus current can reach the design value, ensuring the reliability of data transmission.
在前述实施例的基础上，请参照图5，从站发送电路包括依次耦合的电源端（VDD+）、并联电阻（R4和R5）、第一三极管（Q2）和第二三极管（Q1），第二三极管（Q1）的输出端为信号输出端，第一三极管（Q2）相较于传统的光耦的开关速度更快，方便发送电流；并联电阻（R4和R5）可以降低功率。On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, please refer to FIG. 5 , the slave station sending circuit includes sequentially coupled power supply terminals (VDD+), parallel resistors (R4 and R5), the first triode (Q2) and the second triode ( Q1), the output terminal of the second transistor (Q1) is the signal output terminal, and the switching speed of the first transistor (Q2) is faster than that of the traditional optocoupler, which is convenient for sending current; parallel resistors (R4 and R5 ) can reduce power.
在前述实施例的基础上，请参照图6，电流源补偿电路包括模转换集成芯片，模转换集成芯片的输出端耦合有比较器，比较器的输出端与MBUS总线耦合，模转换集成芯片可以对从站发送数据时MBUS总线的电流减少幅值进行补偿，使得MBUS总线的电流能够达到设计数值，保证了数据传输的可靠性；具体的，模转换集成芯片的型号优选的设为DAC0808；在本实施例中，电流源补偿电路能够补偿最大44.7mA的电流；进一步的，比较器与MBUS总线之间耦合有三极管（Q3和Q4）。On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, please refer to FIG. 6, the current source compensation circuit includes an analog conversion integrated chip, the output end of the analog conversion integrated chip is coupled with a comparator, the output end of the comparator is coupled with the MBUS bus, and the analog conversion integrated chip can be Compensate the current reduction amplitude of the MBUS bus when the slave station sends data, so that the current of the MBUS bus can reach the design value, ensuring the reliability of data transmission; specifically, the model of the analog conversion integrated chip is preferably set to DAC0808; In this embodiment, the current source compensation circuit can compensate a maximum current of 44.7mA; further, there are transistors (Q3 and Q4) coupled between the comparator and the MBUS bus.
本发明的具体运行方式如下：Concrete mode of operation of the present invention is as follows:
在主站发送命令完成后，等待2ms起到MBUS总线的电流恢复平稳，通过电流检测放大组件（INA168）对MBUS总线电流进行10倍放大，经过电压跟随电路后输出MCU_AD0，经单片机模数转换后，取四次采样求平均值得总线电流检测值mV。设定从站发送电流为mA，考虑电压比较的可靠性，取电压偏移量mV，比较器前端的参考电压设为/>mV；单片机系统8位PWM寄存器的计数范围0~255对应参考电压的范围0~5000mV，设置PWM寄存器计数值/>，经低通滤波后就可获得比较器的新参考电压，实现在接收数据前对参考电压的校正，提高通信的可靠性。After the master station sends the command, wait for 2ms until the current of the MBUS bus returns to be stable. The current of the MBUS bus is amplified by 10 times through the current detection amplifier component (INA168), and MCU_AD0 is output after passing through the voltage follower circuit. After the analog-to-digital conversion by the microcontroller , take four samples to find the average value of the bus current detection value mV. Set the sending current of the slave station to mA, consider the reliability of the voltage comparison, and take the voltage offset mV, the reference voltage at the front end of the comparator is set to /> mV; the counting range of the 8-bit PWM register of the microcontroller system is 0~255, and the corresponding reference voltage range is 0~5000mV, set the count value of the PWM register/> , after low-pass filtering, the new reference voltage of the comparator can be obtained, and the correction of the reference voltage before receiving data can be realized to improve the reliability of communication.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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