CN115276062B - Wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability - Google Patents

Wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability Download PDF

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CN115276062B
CN115276062B CN202210865096.2A CN202210865096A CN115276062B CN 115276062 B CN115276062 B CN 115276062B CN 202210865096 A CN202210865096 A CN 202210865096A CN 115276062 B CN115276062 B CN 115276062B
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probability
unit
lightning
wind
power
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CN115276062A (en
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洪晨威
王亮
童充
陈海文
周海阔
陈振伟
袁婧
包雅孟
洪奕
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Suzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning probability comprises the following steps: and respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit, wherein the unit comprises: running a unit and a static unit; according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit, the scheduling layer calculates the overall average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant; if the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1, ending the step; according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, calculating the total cost function of the total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control; based on preset constraint conditions, solving the number of the unit needing to be shut down when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the number of the unit meeting the numberA value; calculating the power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary; the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P, and returns to the step S1.

Description

Wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lightning detection, and particularly relates to a wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability.
Background
In the existing wind farm lightning protection technology, the electromagnetic effect of lightning current in a wind turbine generator is reduced and prevented mainly by reducing the direct impact Lei Gailv of the wind turbine generator, such as adopting a lightning rod, a lightning wire and the like as a lightning receptor to guide the current into a grounding device, or by an equal-ground potential connection system, a shielding system, overvoltage protection and the like. The traditional static lightning protection measures can reduce the probability and degree of damage of the wind turbine generator by lightning stroke to a certain extent, but most focus on the transformation of the wind power plant in the initial construction stage of the wind power plant, are passive lightning protection measures, and still can influence the stability of the output power of the whole wind power plant when the lightning stroke occurs.
In order to further improve the active defense capability of a wind farm grid-connected system to lightning and improve the stability of the output power of the wind farm in lightning weather, the invention provides a two-layer regulation and control method and system of the wind farm and an energy storage system based on the probability of occurrence of lightning: under thunder and lightning weather, based on thunder and lightning probability forecast results, each wind turbine generator set in the wind power plant is dynamically controlled to be disconnected/connected, and compensation output is carried out by the energy storage system, so that probability of lightning stroke of the wind turbine generator, damage degree caused by lightning stroke and power fluctuation caused by lightning stroke are reduced, power stability of a wind power plant transmission line is improved, and active lightning protection capability of the wind power plant system is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems and further provides a wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning probability comprises the following steps:
Step S1, respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of a response layer unit, wherein the unit comprises: running a unit and a static unit;
Step S2, calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant by the scheduling layer according to the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit; if the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1, ending the step;
Step S3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss is the sum of the damage cost caused by lightning stroke damage and the scheduling cost when compensating for power shortage;
Step S4, based on preset constraint conditions, solving the number of the units needing to be stopped when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the k value met, wherein k represents the number of the units changed from an operation unit to a static unit;
s5, calculating power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary;
step S6, the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P, and returns to the step S1.
Further, in step S1, the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit is calculatedThe method comprises the following steps:
Nd=NgAdCd10-6
Wherein N d is the number of annual average direct lightning strokes suffered by the wind driven generator, N g is the annual average density of the lightning strokes of the ground in the region where the wind driven generator is located, A d is the equivalent area of the same lightning stroke frequency of interception of the wind driven generator, C d is an environmental factor, and N Thunder mine is the number of annual lightning weather times in the wind power plant.
Further, in step S1, the maximum output force P maxi is:
Wherein ρ is the air density, D wi is the blade diameter of any one unit i of the running unit and the static unit, v is the wind speed before the air enters the sweep surface of the wind turbine, and Cp is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
Further, in step S2, the average lightning probability P Thunder mine is:
wherein N is the number of fans in the total running state of the wind farm, m is the number of units in the total static state of the wind farm, n+m is equal to the total number of fans N of the wind farm, Is the lightning strike probability of the static unit.
Further, the preset value p1=1%.
Further, in step S3, the function COST fan of the damage COST is:
wherein, And/>The probability of lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, and the price on and the price off are the repair cost after the lightning strike damage of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, namely/>And/>The damage probability after lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is respectively.
Further, in step S3, the function COST battery of the scheduling COST is:
wherein, C battery represents the cost of the battery of the energy storage system, N cycle represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery of the energy storage system, C loss represents the cost of loss caused by discharge current, η represents the efficiency of the battery, T is the control period, and P E is:
the maximum output of the ith unit of P maxi.
Further, the constraint conditions in step S5 are:
The SOC min and the SOC max respectively represent the minimum value and the maximum value of the state of charge of the battery of the energy storage system, and the current state of charge of the energy storage system is the SOC (t); p Bmin and P Bmax respectively represent the minimum power and the maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, and n is the total number of units in an operating state before regulation.
Further, the power P compensated in step S5 is:
wherein s+1 to s+k are subscripts of the unit from operation to rest.
A wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control system based on lightning probability comprises: the logic judging module is used for judging the logic of the power module;
The calculation module is used for calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit respectively; calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation; and obtaining a k value which is satisfied when the value of the total cost function is minimum; calculating the power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary;
the logic judgment module is used for judging that the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1;
The power module is used for the energy storage system to immediately increase the output according to the compensated power P.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention applies an active lightning protection idea to a wind power plant energy storage system combined grid-connected system for the first time, and provides a wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning probability.
The upper scheduling layer is responsible for stable and economical operation of the whole wind power plant, and in lightning stroke weather, grid connection conditions of units at different positions of the wind power plant are controlled based on probability of each fan receiving lightning stroke, power lost by off-grid of the switching machine and regulation and control cost of the energy storage system.
The lower response layer corresponds to the rotating speed adjustable unit and the energy storage system in the wind power plant, is responsible for calculating that the lightning stroke probability of the unit is uploaded to the scheduling layer in the current environment, and partial units are disconnected and static according to the disconnection instruction issued by the scheduling layer, so that the probability of being struck by lightning can be reduced by disconnecting the unit and static on the one hand, the damage degree of the blower after being struck by lightning can be reduced on the other hand, the transmission of lightning current can be effectively blocked by disconnecting the unit, and the influence on other units and even other power grids is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a power two-layer regulation and control architecture of a wind power and storage combined system according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for regulating and controlling the power of a wind-energy storage combined system based on the probability of lightning stroke in the invention.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
The invention discloses a wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control system based on lightning probability, which at least comprises the following components: the logic judging module is used for judging the logic of the power module;
The calculation module is used for calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit respectively; calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation; and obtaining a k value which is satisfied when the value of the total cost function is minimum; calculating the power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary;
the logic judgment module is used for judging that the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1;
The power module is used for the energy storage system to immediately increase the output according to the compensated power P.
In addition, the invention discloses a wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning probability, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer operation unit and the static unit.
Step S11, for the current control period T (taking period T=10min, 144 times a day), calculating the current lightning stroke probability of each operation unit i according to the current fan environment by each operation unit in the response layerSpecific:
The direct-click Lei Pinlv formula is:
Nd=NgAdCd10-6
Wherein N d is the annual average number of direct lightning strokes suffered by the wind driven generator; n g is the annual average density of lightning strike ground in the region where the wind driven generator is located; a d and the wind driven generator intercept the equivalent area of the same lightning stroke frequency; c d is an environmental factor. Is related to temperature, humidity, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, overall height of the fan, altitude of the fan, running state of the fan and the like.
Defining the number of times of lightning weather in the wind power plant as N Thunder mine , and then the current lightning strike probability of each running unit i is as follows:
step S12, each static unit of the response layer carries out current lightning stroke probability of each static unit j according to the environment of the current fan The calculation method is the same as step S11. As the probability of being hit by lightning is increased due to the clear uncertainty of the blade position when the fan runs at high speed, the environmental factor coefficient C d of the static unit is smaller, so/>
Step S13, each unit in the response layer calculates the current possible maximum output P maxi of any unit i under the wind speed of the current unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: ρ is the air density, D wi is the blade diameter of the unit i, v is the wind speed before the air enters the sweep of the wind turbine, and Cp is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
And S2, calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant according to the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit. If the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to P1 (see the following lightning strike probability rule), ending the step. Otherwise, step S3 is performed.
Specifically, the scheduling layer submits lightning probability data of each unit based on the response layerThe overall average lightning strike probability P Thunder mine of the wind power plant is calculated by the following steps:
In the formula, N is the number of fans in the total running state of the wind farm, m is the number of units in the total static state of the wind farm, and n+m is equal to the total number of fans N of the wind farm.
For a certain wind farm, the average lightning probability is defined as follows: p Thunder mine is less than or equal to P1, and no thunder exists; p1< P Thunder mine < thunder P2, lightning; p3< P Thunder mine , high probability lightning. Preferably, P1 is 1%, P2 is 5%, and P3 is 10%. In order to ensure the safety of the system and reduce unnecessary loss caused by lightning as much as possible, when the average lightning probability P1< P Thunder mine , a regulation mode is started, and 1-k total k units are assumed to be changed from the running state to off-grid static. The average lightning strike probability P1> P Thunder mine is not regulated and controlled, and the next period is directly entered, wherein k=0.
Step S3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation and control according to the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss comprises: the damage cost caused by lightning damage and the scheduling cost when compensating for power shortage.
The operation state of any unit i of the operation unit or the static unit is defined as x i, x i =1 in grid-connected operation, x i =0 in off-grid static operation, and i=1 … … N. It will be appreciated that when x i =0, the lightning strike probability of the unit isWhen x i =1, the lightning strike probability of the unit is/>
The total cost function for calculating the total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation is specifically as follows:
step S31, the scheduling layer calculates the x s+1~xs+k units k units based on the current maximum output P maxi of each unit i submitted by the response layer (corresponding independent variable x s+1~xs+k is 0, corresponding lightning strike probability becomes ) And after part of units are struck by lightning and the operation is stopped, the total active power expected value P E to be compensated of the energy storage system is calculated by the following method:
wherein n-k represents the number of the operation units remained after the k units are changed from the operation state to the off-grid standstill; m+k represents the total number of stationary units after the k units are stationary after the operation state is changed into the off-grid state.
Calculating a scheduling COST function COST battery when the energy storage system compensates for the power shortage:
Wherein, C battery represents the battery cost of the energy storage system, N cycle represents the charge and discharge cycle times of the battery of the energy storage system, C loss represents the loss cost caused by discharge current, eta represents the battery efficiency, P E represents the total active power expected value to be compensated of the energy storage system when k units are changed from the running state to off-grid and still and some units in the wind power plant are still out of operation after being struck by lightning.
Step S32, calculating a damage COST function COST fan of fans in the wind farm after regulation and control due to possible lightning damage:
wherein, And/>The probability of lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, and the price on and the price off are the repair cost after the lightning strike damage of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, namely/>And/>The probability of damage after lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is respectively larger, and the probability of damage is larger when lightning strike occurs due to larger rotating speed and larger rotating inertia of the fan blade in the running state, so the price on<priceoff,/>, is higher
Step S33, calculating a total COST function COST 0 of total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation:
COST0=COSTbatteery+COSTfan
And S4, obtaining a k value which is satisfied when the value of the total cost function is minimum, wherein k represents the number of the units changed from the operation unit to the static unit. That is, the corresponding machine set number x s+1~xs+k and total number k of the off-grid of the cutter when the total cost function takes the minimum value are calculated.
Specifically, according to the operation constraint of the energy storage system, performing optimization calculation of '0-1 (respectively representing off-grid static-operation) binary linear programming' on the operation state x i of all units in the wind farm by using the possible lightning loss COST 0, and calculating to obtain the unit x s+1~xs+k which should be off-grid by the cutter.
Optimization target:
constraint conditions:
The SOC min and the SOC max respectively represent the minimum value and the maximum value of the state of charge of the battery of the energy storage system, and the current state of charge of the energy storage system is the SOC (t); p Bmin and P Bmax represent the minimum and maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, respectively, since only energy storage system discharge is considered herein, let P Bmin =0; k represents the total number of fans which actively get off the net and are stationary after regulation, n represents the total number of units in an operating state before regulation, and m represents the total number of units in a stationary state before regulation.
Step S5, calculating the power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary according to the optimization result of the step S4:
it is understood that s+1 to s+k are subscripts of the unit from run to rest.
And S6, the scheduling layer transmits a static cutting instruction to a corresponding unit of the response layer, each unit of the response layer stops the operation of the unit according to the instruction and takes a static blade measure, the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P, and in addition, if the operating unit j is disconnected due to lightning stroke in the period, the energy storage system immediately compensates the maximum output P maxi of the unit i. And after the output is increased, returning to the step S1, obtaining the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit again, and carrying out the step S2 in sequence according to the newly obtained lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit, namely calculating the overall average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant.
While the applicant has described and illustrated the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, but any improvements or modifications based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning probability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1, respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of a response layer unit, wherein the unit comprises: running a unit and a static unit;
Wherein, the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit is calculated The method comprises the following steps:
Nd=NgAdCd10-6
Wherein N d is the number of annual average direct lightning strokes suffered by the wind driven generator, N g is the annual average density of the lightning strokes of the ground in the region where the wind driven generator is located, A d is the equivalent area of the same lightning stroke frequency as that of the wind driven generator, C d is an environmental factor, and N Thunder mine is the number of annual lightning weather times in the wind power plant;
wherein, the maximum output force P maxi is:
Wherein ρ is the air density, D wi is the blade diameter of any one unit i of the running unit and the static unit, v is the wind speed before the air enters the sweep surface of the wind turbine, and Cp is the wind energy utilization coefficient;
Step S2, calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant by the scheduling layer according to the lightning strike probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit; if the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1, ending the step;
Wherein, wind farm overall average lightning probability P Thunder mine is:
wherein N is the number of fans in the total running state of the wind farm, m is the number of units in the total static state of the wind farm, n+m is equal to the total number of fans N of the wind farm, The lightning strike probability of the static unit;
Step S3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss is the sum of the damage cost caused by lightning stroke damage and the scheduling cost when compensating for power shortage;
wherein, calculate the total COST function COST 0 of the total possible loss that the lightning stroke brings after regulating and controlling:
COST0=COSTbatteery+COSTfan
Wherein COST battery represents a scheduling COST function when the energy storage system compensates for the power shortage, COST fan represents a damage COST function caused by possible lightning damage of fans in the wind farm after regulation;
Step S4, based on preset constraint conditions, solving the number of the units needing to be stopped when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the k value met, wherein k represents the number of the units changed from an operation unit to a static unit;
s5, calculating power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary;
step S6, the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P, and returns to the step S1.
2. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation method based on lightning probability according to claim 1, wherein the preset value p1=1%.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the power of the wind power storage system in two layers based on the probability of lightning stroke according to claim 1, wherein the function COST fan of the damage COST in the step S3 is as follows:
wherein, And/>The probability of lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, and the price on and the price off are the repair cost after the lightning strike damage of the running unit and the static unit is shown in the specification, namely/>And/>The damage probability after lightning strike of the running unit and the static unit is respectively.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the power of the wind power storage combined system in two layers based on the probability of lightning stroke according to claim 1, wherein the function COST battery of the scheduling COST in the step S3 is as follows:
wherein, C battery represents the cost of the battery of the energy storage system, N cycle represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery of the energy storage system, C loss represents the cost of loss caused by discharge current, η represents the efficiency of the battery, T is the control period, and P E is:
the maximum output of the ith unit of P maxi.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the power of the wind-energy-storage combined system in two layers based on the lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the constraint condition in the step S5 is as follows:
The SOC min and the SOC max respectively represent the minimum value and the maximum value of the state of charge of the battery of the energy storage system, and the current state of charge of the energy storage system is the SOC (t); p Bmin and P Bmax respectively represent the minimum power and the maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, and n is the total number of units in an operating state before regulation.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the power of the wind power storage combined system in two layers based on the lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power P compensated in the step S5 is as follows:
wherein s+1 to s+k are subscripts of the unit from operation to rest.
7. A wind-powered cogeneration system power two-layer regulation system based on a probability of a lightning strike for performing the method of any one of claims 1-6, the system comprising: the logic judging module is used for judging the logic of the power module;
The calculation module is used for calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit respectively; calculating the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning strike after regulation; and obtaining a k value which is satisfied when the value of the total cost function is minimum; calculating the power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the k units are disconnected and are stationary;
the logic judgment module is used for judging that the overall average lightning strike probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1;
The power module is used for the energy storage system to immediately increase the output according to the compensated power P.
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