CN115276062A - Wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning stroke probability - Google Patents
Wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning stroke probability Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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Abstract
A wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability comprises the following steps: respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability of the response layer unit and the maximum output, wherein the unit comprises: operating the unit and the static unit; according to the lightning stroke probability of the operating unit and the static unit of the response layer, the scheduling layer calculates the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant; if the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to the preset value P1, ending the step; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the operating unit and the static unit of the response layer and the maximum output; based on the preset constraint condition, the unit number which needs to be stopped when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the number which is satisfied
A value; calculating outkThe machine set is off-line and stationaryThe power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system; and the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P and returns to the step S1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lightning detection, and particularly relates to a wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning stroke probability.
Background
In the existing lightning protection technology of a wind power plant, the direct lightning probability of the wind power plant is mainly reduced, for example, a lightning rod, a lightning conductor and the like are used as lightning receptors to guide current to a grounding device, or an equal ground potential connection system, a shielding system, overvoltage protection and the like are used for reducing and preventing the lightning current from generating an electromagnetic effect in the wind power plant. These traditional static lightning protection measures can reduce the probability and degree that wind turbine generator system is destroyed by the thunderbolt to a certain extent, but most of them focus on improving the wind-powered electricity generation field at the initial stage of the construction of the wind-powered electricity generation field, are passive lightning protection means, and still can produce the influence to the output power stability of whole wind-powered electricity generation field when the thunderbolt takes place.
In order to further improve the active defense capability of a wind power plant grid-connected system to lightning and improve the stability of the output power of the wind power plant in lightning weather, the invention provides a two-layer regulation and control method and a two-layer regulation and control system of the wind power plant and an energy storage system based on the lightning occurrence probability: under the thunder weather, on the basis of the thunder probability forecasting result, the off-grid/grid-connection of each wind turbine generator in the wind power plant is dynamically controlled, and the energy storage system performs compensation output, so that the probability of lightning stroke suffered by a fan, the damage degree caused by the lightning stroke and the power fluctuation caused by the lightning stroke are reduced, the power stability of a transmission line of the wind power plant is improved, and the active lightning protection capability of a system of the wind power plant is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems and further provides a wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation method and system based on lightning stroke probability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability comprises the following steps:
step S1, lightning stroke probability and maximum output of a response layer unit are respectively calculated, wherein the unit comprises: operating the unit and the static unit;
s2, calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant by a scheduling layer according to the lightning stroke probability of the operating unit and the static unit of the response layer; if the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is smaller than or equal to a preset value P1, ending the step;
s3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss is the sum of the damage cost caused by lightning stroke damage and the scheduling cost when the power is compensated to be in shortage;
s4, based on the preset constraint conditions, calculating the unit number required to be shut down when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the number
The values of, among others,
representing the number of the units changed from the running unit to the static unit;
step S5, calculatingkThe power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the machine set is disconnected and is static;
and S6, immediately increasing the output of the energy storage system according to the compensated power P, and returning to the step S1.
Further, calculating response layer operation unit in step S1Probability of lightning strike
Comprises the following steps:
wherein N isdThe average number of annual direct lightning strikes to which the wind turbine is subjected, NgThe annual average density of lightning striking the earth in the area where the wind driven generator is located, AdEquivalent area, C, of the same number of lightning strikes as the wind turbinedAs a function of the environmental factors, the ambient conditions,
the number of annual lightning weather times in the wind power plant.
Further, the maximum output in step S1
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the density of the air, and is,
for any of operating units and stationary unitsiThe diameter of the blade(s) of (c),vfor the wind speed before the air enters the swept surface of the wind turbine,Cpthe wind energy utilization coefficient.
Further, the average lightning strike probability in step S2
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the number of fans in the total operating state of the wind farm,
the number of units in the total static state of the wind field,
equal to the total number of fans in the wind farm
，
Is the lightning probability of a stationary unit.
Further, the preset value P1=1%.
Further, a function of the damage cost in step S3
Comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the probability of lightning striking the running unit and the static unit respectively,
and
respectively the repair cost after lightning stroke damage of the running unit and the static unit,
and
the probability of damage after lightning strikes on the operating unit and the stationary unit is respectively.
Further, a function of the scheduling cost in step S3
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
represents the cost of the battery of the energy storage system,
representing the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery of the energy storage system,
represents the cost of the loss due to the discharge current,
which is indicative of the efficiency of the cell,
is a control period in which the control signal is,
comprises the following steps:
wherein, is
First, the
The maximum output of each unit.
Further, the constraint conditions in step S5 are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the minimum and maximum states of charge of the energy storage system battery,
the current state of charge of the energy storage system;
and
respectively representing the minimum power and the maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, wherein n is the total number of the units in the running state before regulation and control.
Further, the power P compensated in step S5 is:
wherein s +1 to s + k are subscripts of the unit from running to rest.
A wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control system based on lightning stroke probability comprises: the device comprises a calculation module, a logic judgment module and a power module;
the calculation module is used for respectively calculating the lightning stroke probability of the response layer unit and the maximum output; calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control; and that the value of the total cost function is minimized
A value; and calculatingkThe power P required to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the set is disconnected and is static;
the logic judgment module is used for judging whether the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to a preset value P1;
the power module is used for immediately increasing the output of the energy storage system according to the compensated power P.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention firstly applies an active lightning protection idea to a wind power plant energy storage system combined grid-connected system, and provides a wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method and system based on lightning stroke probability.
The upper dispatching layer is responsible for stable and economical operation of the whole wind power plant, under the lightning weather, grid connection conditions of units at different positions of the wind power plant are controlled based on the probability of lightning strikes on each fan, the power lost when the wind power plant is disconnected from the grid and the regulation and control cost of the energy storage system, for the units with high probability of lightning strikes and high loss after the lightning strikes, the units are actively cut off to reduce the damage rate of the fans, prevent lightning strike current from flowing to other units to reduce the influence of the lightning strike current on the whole wind power plant, meanwhile, the energy storage system is controlled to compensate the output power, and the stability of the whole output power of the wind power plant is ensured.
The lower response layer corresponds to the rotating speed adjustable unit and the energy storage system in the wind power plant and is responsible for calculating the lightning stroke probability of the unit under the current environment, uploading the lightning stroke probability to the scheduling layer, and disconnecting and stopping part of the units according to the disconnection instruction issued by the scheduling layer, so that on one hand, the probability of being struck by lightning can be reduced by disconnecting and stopping the units, on the other hand, the damage degree of the fan struck by lightning is also reduced, the disconnection can effectively block the propagation of lightning current, and the influence on other units and even other power grids is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a power two-layer regulation and control architecture diagram of a wind power and storage combined system in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability in the invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
The invention discloses a wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control system based on lightning stroke probability, as shown in figure 1, the system at least comprises: the device comprises a calculation module, a logic judgment module and a power module;
the calculation module is used for calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit respectively; calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control; and determining that the value of the total cost function is minimal
A value; and calculatingkThe power P required to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the set is disconnected and is static;
the logic judgment module is used for judging whether the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to a preset value P1;
the power module is used for immediately increasing the output of the energy storage system according to the compensated power P.
In addition, the invention discloses a wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, lightning stroke probabilities of a response layer operating unit and a static unit and the maximum output are calculated respectively.
Step S11, for the current control cycle
(fetch cycle)
144 times a day for =10 min), calculating each running unit of the response layer according to the environment of the current faniOf the current lightning stroke probability
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the direct lightning frequency formula is as follows:
wherein, NdThe average number of annual direct lightning strikes suffered by the wind turbine; n is a radical ofgThe annual average density of the area where the wind driven generator is located; a. ThedEquivalent area of the same lightning stroke times as the wind driven generator; cdIs an environmental factor. The wind speed and the wind direction are related to the temperature, the humidity, the precipitation, the air pressure, the wind speed, the wind direction, the overall height of the fan, the altitude of the position where the fan is located, the running state of the fan and the like.
Defining the annual lightning weather times in the wind power plant as
Then each run unitiThe current lightning stroke probability is as follows:
s12, each static unit of the response layer carries out the static units according to the environment of the current fanjOf the current lightning stroke probability
The calculation method of (2) is the same as that of step S11. The wind turbine is hit by lightning in high speed due to definite uncertainty of blade positionProbability of[2]Environmental factor coefficient of stationary unit CdIs smaller, therefore
>
。
S13, each unit of the response layer calculates any unit under the wind speed of the current unitiCurrent maximum possible output of
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
is the density of the air, and is,
as a unitiThe diameter of the blades of (a) is,vfor the wind speed before the air enters the swept surface of the wind turbine,Cpthe wind energy utilization coefficient.
And S2, calculating the integral average lightning probability of the wind power plant according to the lightning probability of the operating unit and the static unit of the response layer. And if the overall average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to P1 (see the lightning stroke probability regulation below), ending the step. Otherwise, step S3 is performed.
Specifically, the scheduling layer submits lightning stroke probability data of each unit based on the response layer
、
Calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant
The calculation method is as follows:
in the formula, N is the total number of fans in the operating state of the wind farm, m is the total number of units in the static state of the wind farm, and N + m is equal to the total number of fans in the wind farm N.
For a certain wind power plant, the average lightning strike probability is specified as follows:
p1 is less than or equal to, and no thunder and lightning exists; p1<
<Thunder P2, thunder exists; p3<
Lightning for the most part. Preferably, P1 is 1%, P2 is 5%, and P3 is 10%. In order to ensure the safety of the system and reduce unnecessary loss caused by lightning as much as possible, the average lightning stroke probability P1<
When the system is started, a regulation mode is started, and 1 to k stations are assumed to be sharedkThe running state of the machine set is changed into off-line static state. Average lightning probability P1>
The next cycle is directly entered without regulation and control, and the next cycle is startedk=0。
S3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operation unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss comprises the following steps: damage costs due to lightning damage and scheduling costs to compensate for power shortages.
Defining any one of running unit or static unit
Is xiOn-grid operation xi=1, off-line at rest xi=0,i =1 \ 8230 \8230:/\ 8230n. It will be understood that when x isiWhen =0, the lightning stroke probability of the unit is
When x isiWhen =1, the lightning stroke probability of the unit is
。
The total cost function for calculating the total possible loss caused by the lightning stroke after regulation is specifically as follows:
step S31, each unit submitted by the dispatching layer based on the response layeriCurrent maximum possible output of
Calculating the x-th among thems+1~x ks+The machine set is composed ofkAfter the machine set is disconnected and is static (corresponding independent variable x) from the running states+1~xs+kIs 0, the corresponding probability of lightning strike becomes
) And when partial units in the wind power plant are struck by lightning and quit running, the total active power expected value to be compensated of the energy storage system
The calculation method is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,n-kshow thatkThe number of the remaining running machine sets after the machine set is off-line and is static is changed from the running state;m+kshow thatkAnd changing the running state of the machine set into the total number of the static machine sets after the off-line static.
Calculating a scheduling cost function when an energy storage system compensates for power deficit
：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the cost of the battery of the energy storage system,
representing the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery of the energy storage system,
representing the cost of the losses due to the discharge current,
which is indicative of the efficiency of the cell,
show thatkAnd after the running state of the set is changed into off-line static state, and some sets in the wind power plant are still struck by lightning and quit running, the active power expected value of the energy storage system which needs to be compensated is total.
Step S32, calculating a damage cost function of a fan in the regulated and controlled wind power plant due to possible lightning damage
：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the probability of lightning striking the running unit and the static unit respectively,
and
respectively the repair cost after lightning stroke damage of the running unit and the static unit,
and
the lightning stroke damage probability of the running unit and the static unit is respectively, and the rotating speed and the rotating inertia of the fan blade in the running state are higher, so that the possibility of damage caused by the lightning stroke is higher, and the damage degree is higher, so that the lightning stroke damage probability is higher
<
，
<
。
Step S33, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control
：
Step S4, a k value which is satisfied when the value of the total cost function is minimum is obtained, wherein k representsThe number of the units is changed from the running unit to the static unit. That is to say, the corresponding generator set number x for tripping when the total cost function is calculated to take the minimum values+1~xs+kAnd a total number k.
In particular, the loss of possible lightning strikes is based on energy storage system operational constraints
Operating states x of all units in the wind farmiPerforming optimization calculation of '0-1 (respectively representing off-line static-running) binary linear programming', and calculating to obtain the unit x which is to be off-line by the cutting machines+1~xs+k。
Optimizing the target:
constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and
respectively representing the minimum and maximum states of charge of the energy storage system battery,
the current state of charge of the energy storage system;
and
respectively representing the minimum power and the maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, and only considering the discharge of the energy storage system
=0；kThe total number of the fans which are actively disconnected and are static after regulation and control is shown, n is the total number of the units in the running state before regulation and control, and m is the total number of the units in the static state before regulation and control.
Step S5, calculating the optimization result according to the optimization result of the step S4kPower required to be immediately compensated by energy storage system after offline and stationary of unitP：
It can be understood that s +1 to s + k are subscripts of the unit from running to rest.
S6, the dispatching layer issues the generator tripping static instruction to the corresponding generator set of the response layer, each generator set of the response layer executes the generator set outage according to the instruction and takes blade static measures, the energy storage system immediately increases the output according to the compensated power P, and in addition, if the running generator set j is off line due to lightning stroke in the period, the energy storage system also immediately compensates the generator set
Maximum output of
. And when the output is increased, returning to the step S1, re-obtaining the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operating unit and the static unit and the maximum output, and sequentially executing the step S2 according to the newly obtained lightning stroke probability of the response layer operating unit and the static unit, namely calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any modifications or modifications based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wind power storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, lightning stroke probability and maximum output of a response layer unit are respectively calculated, wherein the unit comprises: operating the unit and the static unit;
s2, calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant by a scheduling layer according to the lightning stroke probability of the operating unit and the static unit of the response layer; if the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to the preset value P1, ending the step;
s3, calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control according to the lightning stroke probability of the response layer operating unit and the static unit and the maximum output, wherein the total possible loss is the sum of the damage cost caused by the lightning stroke damage and the scheduling cost when the power is compensated to be in shortage;
s4, based on preset constraint conditions, calculating the number of the unit needing to be stopped when the value of the total cost function is minimum and the number satisfied
The values of, among others,
representing the number of the units changed from the running unit to the static unit;
step S5, calculatingkThe power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the machine set is disconnected and is static;
and S6, immediately increasing the output of the energy storage system according to the compensated power P, and returning to the step S1.
2. According to the claimsThe lightning probability-based wind storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method is characterized in that in the step S1, the lightning probability of a response layer running unit is calculated
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, NdThe average number of annual direct lightning strikes to which the wind turbine is subjected, NgThe annual average density of the lightning striking the earth in the area where the wind driven generator is located, AdEquivalent area, C, of the same number of lightning strikes as the wind turbinedAs a result of the environmental factors, the environment,
the number of annual lightning weather times in the wind power plant.
3. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum output in step S1
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in order to be the density of the air,
for any of operating units and stationary unitsiThe diameter of the blade(s) of (c),vfor the speed of the wind before it enters the swept surface of the wind turbine,Cpthe wind energy utilization coefficient.
4. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the average lightning stroke probability
Comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the number of fans that is the total operating state of the wind farm,
the number of units in total static state of the wind field,
equal to the total number of fans in the wind power plant
，
The probability of lightning strikes for stationary units.
5. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on the lightning probability as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the preset value P1=1%.
6. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the function of damage cost in step S3
Comprises the following steps:
7. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on lightning stroke probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the function of scheduling cost in step S3
Comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the cost of the battery of the energy storage system,
the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery of the energy storage system is represented,
represents the cost of the loss due to the discharge current,
which is indicative of the efficiency of the cell,
is a control period in which the control signal is,
comprises the following steps:
wherein, is
Are respectively the first
A first, a
The maximum output of each unit.
8. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on the lightning probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions in the step S5 are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the minimum and maximum states of charge of the energy storage system battery,
the current state of charge of the energy storage system;
and
respectively representing the minimum power and the maximum power allowed by the energy storage system, wherein n is the total number of the units in the running state before regulation and control.
9. The wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation and control method based on the lightning probability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power P compensated in the step S5 is:
wherein s +1 to s + k are subscripts of the unit from running to static.
10. A wind-storage combined system power two-layer regulation system based on lightning stroke probability for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a calculation module, a logic judgment module and a power module;
the calculation module is used for calculating the lightning stroke probability and the maximum output of the response layer unit respectively; calculating the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant; calculating a total cost function of total possible loss caused by lightning stroke after regulation and control; and that the value of the total cost function is minimized
A value; and calculatingkThe power P which needs to be immediately compensated by the energy storage system after the machine set is disconnected and is static;
the logic judgment module is used for judging whether the integral average lightning stroke probability of the wind power plant is less than or equal to a preset value P1;
the power module is used for immediately increasing the output of the energy storage system according to the compensated power P.
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| CN117390368A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-12 | 云南电投绿能科技有限公司 | Lightning probability calculation method, device and equipment for wind turbine and storage medium |
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