CN115275583A - Broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication - Google Patents
Broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN115275583A CN115275583A CN202211161249.1A CN202211161249A CN115275583A CN 115275583 A CN115275583 A CN 115275583A CN 202211161249 A CN202211161249 A CN 202211161249A CN 115275583 A CN115275583 A CN 115275583A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The application provides a broadband multi-beam antenna array element and an array applied to decimeter wave frequency band (especially 300MHz-600MHz frequency band) vehicle-mounted communication. The broadband multi-beam antenna array element comprises: the loop radiation plate, the monopole radiation plate, the ground plate and the feed rod are arranged on the feed rod; the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiation plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod; when a radio-frequency signal is input into the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects the energy of the radio-frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate. The directional radiation wave beam generating device can generate directional radiation wave beams and relatively low side lobe levels, and is compact in structure, simple to process, low in cost and easy to place.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband multi-beam antenna array element and an array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication.
Background
A multi-beam antenna is an antenna that can simultaneously produce multiple independent beams with the same aperture. Multi-beam antennas can enhance the capabilities of wireless communication systems by increasing spectral efficiency, channel capacity and communication range, as well as increasing flexibility and security. For example, a communication satellite uses a multi-beam antenna to cover a service area on earth with multiple beams, the use of high gain beams can increase the communication capacity of the satellite, and spatially separated beams can reuse the same frequency band, thereby multiplying the link throughput by the number of beams; in a complex terrain battlefield, a directional antenna that concentrates power in a desired direction may enhance coverage.
Designing a multi-beam directional antenna in a frequency range corresponding to decimetric waves (wavelength range of 10cm to 100cm, frequency range of 300 to 3000 MHz) has certain challenges, so that the conventional multi-beam antenna design has no realizability in the frequency range. Electromagnetic waves have larger wavelengths at these frequencies, resulting in larger antenna sizes most lens antennas will have very large sizes and require large feed or beam forming networks, requiring aperture areas of multiple wavelengths to create patterns with high gain and low sidelobe levels even for a single feedhorn. Therefore, it is difficult to integrate a multibeam antenna of a multibeam decimeter-wave band into a mobile vehicle, and the construction cost of such a large and heavy array antenna tends to be high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application is proposed to provide a wideband multibeam antenna array element and array for on-board communication in decimeter band, which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, and comprises:
a broadband multi-beam antenna array element applied to decimeter wave band vehicle-mounted communication comprises: the loop radiation plate, the monopole radiation plate, the ground plate and the feed rod are arranged on the feed rod;
the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiation plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod;
when a radio-frequency signal is input into the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects the energy of the radio-frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate.
Preferably, the loop radiation plate comprises a first radiation plate, a second radiation plate and a curved surface connecting plate; the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the grounding plate; the curved surface connecting plate is respectively connected with the ends, far away from the grounding plate, of the first radiating plate and the second radiating plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the second radiation plate in parallel; the end of the first radiation plate close to the ground plate is connected with the ground plate; the end, close to the grounding plate, of the second radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod.
Preferably, the device further comprises a feed probe; one end of the feed probe is connected with the feed rod, and the other end of the feed probe penetrates through and extends to the other surface of the grounding plate.
Preferably, the feed rod is connected with the end of the monopole radiation plate close to the ground plate.
Preferably, the cross section of the monopole radiation plate is gradually reduced from the end of the monopole radiation plate far away from the feed pole to the end close to the feed pole.
Preferably, the cross section of the second radiation plate is gradually reduced from the end of the second radiation plate far away from the feed rod to the end close to the feed rod.
Preferably, the loop radiation plate and the feed rod are integrally connected with the ground plate.
Preferably, the height of the broadband multibeam antenna array element is lambda/3-2 lambda/3, wherein lambda is free space wavelength.
A wideband multi-beam antenna array for use in decimeter wave band on-board communications, comprising: eight broadband multi-beam antenna elements as described in any of the above in a circular arrangement.
Preferably, the diameter of the broadband multi-beam antenna array is 1.220m, and the height of the broadband multi-beam antenna array is 0.330m.
The application has the following advantages:
in the embodiment of the application, the loop radiation plate, the monopole radiation plate, the ground plate and the feed rod are used; the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiation plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod; when radio-frequency signals are input into the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects the energy of the radio-frequency signals to the monopole radiation plate, and the broadband multibeam antenna array element can generate directional radiation beams and relatively low sidelobe levels, and is compact in structure, simple to process, low in cost and easy to place.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wideband multibeam antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a side view of a wideband multibeam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a loop radiation plate, a monopole radiation plate and a feed rod in a broadband multibeam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prototype of a wideband multibeam antenna array element and a ground plane reflector according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array element of a broadband multi-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of radiation directions of a loop radiation plate and a monopole radiation plate in a wideband multibeam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of a wideband multibeam antenna element in an x-z plane according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a graph showing reflection coefficients of a wideband multibeam antenna element according to frequency when the loop radiation plate has heights of 310mm, 340mm, and 370mm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a graph showing reflection coefficients of a broadband multibeam antenna element according to frequency at monopole radiation plate heights of 200mm, 230mm and 260mm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a graph of reflection coefficient with frequency according to simulation and measurement of an antenna element model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
figure 11 is a graph of gain achieved by 3D measurements of a wideband multibeam antenna element at representative frequencies over a bandwidth of resonant frequencies according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a perspective view of a wideband multi-beam antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a graph of reflection coefficient versus frequency for a simulation of a wideband multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is an implementation gain at 1000MHz for a wideband multi-beam antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an assembly process of an antenna array model according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a graph showing the variation of reflection coefficients with frequency for simulation and measurement of three representative antenna elements in an antenna array model according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating radiation characteristics of an antenna array model at three different frequencies within an operating bandwidth thereof according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a broadband multi-beam antenna array and a highly mobile multipurpose wheeled vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. Wherein the uniform ground in the half-space region z <0 is modeled by a Sophia integral;
fig. 19 shows simulated gain at three different frequencies for a single antenna element (element along the + x direction) in a wideband multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numbers in the drawings of the specification are as follows:
100. a loop radiation plate; 110. a first radiation plate; 120. a second radiation plate; 130. a curved surface connecting plate; 200. a monopole radiation plate; 300. a ground plate; 400. a feed stalk; 500. a feed probe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in any embodiment of the present application, the wideband multi-beam antenna array element is used in a circular array arrangement to construct the wideband multi-beam antenna array. The broadband multi-beam antenna array can realize directional communication and networking on a mobile platform with a decimeter wave frequency band (especially a 300MHz-600MHz frequency band), and the compact size of the antenna array is easy to install on a vehicle, so that the antenna array has wide application prospect in a mobile directional network from the vehicle to the vehicle and from the vehicle to a base station.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a wideband multi-beam antenna array element applied to vehicle-mounted communication in a decimeter wave band according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, including: loop radiating plate 100, monopole radiating plate 200, ground plate 300, and feed rod 400;
the loop radiation plate 100 is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate 300; the monopole radiation plate 200 is arranged at the side of the loop radiation plate 100 in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate 100 is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate 100 is connected to the ground plate 300, and the other end is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400;
when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400, the loop radiation plate 100 reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate 200.
It should be noted that the operation principle of the broadband multibeam antenna array element is based on combining the radiation patterns of an electric dipole (i.e., the monopole radiation plate 200) and a magnetic dipole (i.e., the loop radiation plate 100). Fig. 6 provides a schematic view of the radiation directions of the illustrated loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200, wherein gray arrows correspond to the monopole radiation plate 200, and black arrows correspond to the loop radiation plate 100. It can be seen that the monopole radiation plate 200 has an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and the loop radiation plate 100 has a figure-eight radiation pattern. As shown in fig. 7, the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 can obtain a directional cardioid radiation pattern after combination.
The loop radiation plates 100 and the monopole radiation plates 200 may be arranged vertically or horizontally, and the latter arrangement is selected in the above embodiment, so that the antenna has a smaller profile. Furthermore, in this arrangement, the loop radiating plate 100 may act as a reflector for the monopole radiating plate 200, making the radiation pattern of the wideband multibeam antenna element more directional. The loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 are both disposed above the ground plate 300, and since the ground plane size is limited, the maximum radiation direction of the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 will be tilted upward from the azimuth plane, so that the elevation takeoff angle can be increased, similar to the behavior of any vertically polarized antenna mounted on a limited ground plane or real earth. The loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 have two distinct resonances and can be independently tuned by varying their respective total lengths, a characteristic that provides broadband frequency performance for a broadband multibeam antenna element.
In the embodiment of the present application, the feed rod 400 is connected to the ground plate 300 through the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200; the loop radiation plate 100 is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate 300; the monopole radiation plate 200 is arranged at the side of the loop radiation plate 100 in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate 100 is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate 100 is connected to the ground plate 300, and the other end is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400; when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400, the loop radiation plate 100 reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate 200, and the broadband multibeam antenna element can generate a directional radiation beam and a relatively low sidelobe level, and has the advantages of compact structure, simple processing, low cost and easy placement.
Next, a broadband multi-beam antenna array element applied to the vehicle-mounted communication in the decimeter wave band in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
In this embodiment, the loop radiation plate 100 includes a first radiation plate 110, a second radiation plate 120, and a curved connection plate 130; the first radiation plate 110 and the second radiation plate 120 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground plate 300; the curved connecting plate 130 is connected to the ends of the first radiation plate 110 and the second radiation plate 120 away from the ground plate 300; the monopole radiation plate 200 is arranged in parallel at the side of the second radiation plate 120; the end of the first radiation plate 110 near the ground plate 300 is connected with the ground plate 300; the end of the second radiation plate 120 close to the ground plate 300 is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400. Specifically, the longitudinal section of the curved connecting plate 130 is a semicircle, a semi-ellipse or a line segment with rounded corners at two ends; the first radiation plate 110, the second radiation plate 120 and the curved connection plate 130 may be formed by machining a single integral metal plate.
In this embodiment, the loop radiation plate 100 and the feed lever 400 are integrally connected to the ground plate 300. The loop radiating plate 100, the feed horn 400 and the ground plate 300 can be made by precisely cutting and bending at multiple points a single unitary metal plate, in which case the feed horn 400 is replaced by an elongated thin metal plate. By this arrangement the need to manufacture and connect separate components is eliminated and therefore more accurate and faster machining and assembly is possible.
In this embodiment, a feeding probe 500 is further included; one end of the feeding probe 500 is connected to the feeding rod 400, and the other end thereof penetrates and extends to the other surface of the ground plate 300. Specifically, the surface of the ground plate 300 is provided with a feed through hole; the end of the feed probe 500 is connected to the input end of the radio frequency signal through the feed through hole.
In this embodiment, the feeding rod 400 is connected to an end of the monopole radiating plate 200 close to the ground plate 300. Specifically, the area of the second radiation plate 120 is larger than the area of the monopole radiation plate 200, and the projection of the second radiation plate 120 in the vertical direction completely covers the projection of the monopole radiation plate 200 in the vertical direction, so as to reflect the energy of the radio frequency signal from the monopole radiation plate 200 to the monopole radiation plate 200.
In this embodiment, the height of the broadband multibeam antenna element is λ/3-2 λ/3, where λ is a free space wavelength.
Fig. 8 shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency for the broadband multibeam antenna elements corresponding to different heights of the loop radiation board 100; fig. 9 shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency for the broadband multibeam antenna array elements corresponding to the monopole radiating plate 200 at different heights. It can be seen that different resonance frequencies can be obtained by adjusting the heights of the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200, respectively. In addition, the second harmonic of the monopole radiation plate 200 also varies with the height of the monopole radiation plate 200, so that the ultra-wideband performance of the wideband multibeam antenna element can be achieved by lowering the first resonance frequency of the monopole radiation plate 200 and utilizing the second harmonic thereof.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the monopole radiation plate 200 gradually decreases from the end of the monopole radiation plate 200 away from the feed rod 400 to the end close to the feed rod 400. Specifically, the cross section of the monopole radiation plate 200 is an inverted trapezoid.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the second radiation plate 120 gradually decreases from the end of the second radiation plate 120 away from the feed rod 400 to the end close to the feed rod 400. Specifically, the cross section of the second radiation plate 120 is an inverted trapezoid.
The monopole radiation plate 200 and the second radiation plate 120 are tapered near the end of the feed rod 400, so that good impedance matching can be achieved. The broadband multi-beam antenna array element can realize good impedance matching below 50 omega and below 10dB in a frequency range of more than one octave in a decimeter wave frequency band.
In order to test the performance of the broadband multi-beam antenna array element, an antenna array element model which is scaled down by 3:1 is prepared. The curve of the change of the reflection coefficient of the antenna array element model along with the frequency is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen that good consistency is obtained between the simulation and test results. The simulation and test results clearly demonstrate the two resonance frequencies caused by the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 (the difference between the higher cut-off frequencies may be caused by manufacturing tolerances). Nevertheless, the wideband multi-beam antenna element achieves a wideband impedance match of more than one octave between 650-1400 MHz. The above results show that a broadband frequency response can be achieved by a moderate relaxation of the size constraints of the huygens source.
Figure 11 shows the gain achieved by 3D measurements of the wideband multibeam antenna element at some representative frequencies over the bandwidth of the resonant frequency, where (a) 700MHz, (b) 1000MHz, and (c) 1300MHz. It can be seen that the maximum realized gain also increases from 7dBi to 8dBi as the frequency increases. The takeoff angle of the radiation pattern also produces a variation of about + -10 deg. at different frequencies within the operating bandwidth. Some side lobes appear at higher frequencies in addition to the main lobe, but the broadband multibeam antenna element maintains directional behavior within its operating frequency bandwidth. The above results indicate that the wideband multibeam antenna array elements can be integrated into a multibeam array, providing high directivity over a wide frequency bandwidth.
Referring to fig. 12, a wideband multi-beam antenna array applied to on-vehicle communication in decimeter wave band according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, including: eight broadband multi-beam antenna elements as described in any of the above embodiments arranged in a loop.
The wideband multi-beam antenna array may employ different configurations. In particular, the wideband multi-beam antenna array may be used with single channel transceivers, in which case beamforming needs to be performed in the analog domain at the feed network level, or with multi-channel coherent transceivers, in which case digital beamforming may be performed. Furthermore, the broadband multi-beam antenna array exhibits different performance under different operating conditions, and an alternative mode of operation is to excite each individual array element of the broadband multi-beam antenna array separately and implement eight individual beams directed in different directions along the azimuth plane, if a narrower beam in the azimuth plane is desired, the radiation patterns of two or three adjacent array elements with the same or different excitation coefficients can be combined.
In one particular implementation, the excitation of each array element individually or two or three adjacent array elements together into a single beam is performed. In each of the above cases, all the unexcited array elements are terminated with a 50 Ω matched load. As the number of excitation array elements per beam increases, the array directivity also increases. In the two-element case, both antenna elements are excited with the same amplitude and phase. In the case of a three-element array, the side-end elements are excited with the same amplitude as the central element, but with a relative phase of 30 ° with respect to the central element. These particular excitation coefficients result in the maximum realized gain in each case. Figure 13 provides the reflection coefficient versus frequency for the antenna array simulation for all three cases, where S11 shows the variation when one, two or three array elements are excited and the remaining array elements are terminated in matched loads and S21 shows the variation when two adjacent antenna array elements are coupled. It can be seen that as the number of elements per beam increases, the active VSWR of the antenna varies particularly at the band edges due to coupling between adjacent elements. However, in all three cases, the antenna provides an active VSWR of less than 2 in the frequency range of 225-450 MHz. Furthermore, the coupling between the two array elements remains below-15 dB over the entire operating bandwidth.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the broadband multi-beam antenna array is 1.220m, and the height thereof is 0.330m.
The degree of isolation between the antenna elements depends on the element spacing dictated by the transverse dimensions of the antenna array and the number of elements. In this embodiment a 40 cm x 40 cm area is chosen so that the antenna array can be easily mounted on the roof of the vehicle. Within the above size range, a maximum of eight individual antenna elements of the above type may be packed in a circular array, ensuring no overlap between them. It should be noted that in other embodiments, more antenna elements may be used to obtain a greater number of individual beams and greater beamforming flexibility, and on the other hand, fewer antenna elements may be used to produce a higher degree of isolation between elements while sacrificing fewer beams.
The realized gain of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at 1000MHz is shown in fig. 14, where (a) shows four orthogonal beams of the antenna array, three adjacent elements of the antenna array being excited together to form a single beam, the four beams pointing at phi =0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, respectively, the pattern being shown at theta =35 °, the actual gain of the antenna reaches a maximum, and (b) shows the realized gain of the wideband multi-beam antenna array line at different ground plane sizes. It can be seen that if the ground plane size of the antenna array becomes large, a higher gain of approximately 1dB can be obtained. In the present embodiment, the smallest ground plane in (b) of fig. 14 is selected because of its size advantage. In other embodiments, a larger ground plane may be selected, which may help to increase the overall gain of the antenna.
In order to test the performance of the broadband multi-beam antenna array, similar to the antenna array element model, an antenna array model reduced by the proportion of 3:1 is prepared, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: the ground plane and the antenna elements are manufactured from sheet metal and then assembled internally. Fig. 15 (a) shows the ground plane after the SMA connector is assembled, 8 SMA connector holes are formed on the ground plane by cutting, the outer conductors of the SMA connectors are welded to the bottom of the ground plane, the long inner pins of the SMA conductors extend through the holes, and the heights of the SMA conductors are finely adjusted. Fig. 15 (a) also shows eight slots arranged circumferentially around the center of the ground plane, each slot corresponding to a location where one end of the half-loop antenna is electrically connected to the ground plane, the size of the slot matching the shape of the loop antenna at its terminal end, allowing the loop to be inserted vertically into the ground plane and the joint to be soldered along the entire length of the slot. Fig. 15 (b) shows the antenna array after the first array element is assembled. Fig. 15 (c) shows the antenna array after all eight elements are assembled. The input reflection coefficients of the antenna array model are measured and compared to the simulation results. In this process, one antenna element is excited and the remaining elements are terminated in a 50 Ω matched load. The proposed annular array is circumferentially symmetric, so the antenna elements have similar responses. Figure 16 shows simulated and measured reflection coefficients versus frequency for three representative antenna elements. It can be seen that the resonance characteristics are similar and closely matched to the simulation results. The antenna array model achieves a wideband frequency response of less than-10 dB over approximately one octave of frequency. The above results indicate that the wideband multi-beam antenna array with the original dimensions should perform well over the frequency band between 300-600 MHz.
Fig. 17 shows the radiation characteristics of the antenna array model at three different frequencies within its operating bandwidth. The radiation patterns of all eight array elements were measured and similar behavior was observed. In measuring the antenna radiation pattern, one element is excited and the remaining elements are terminated in a 50 Ω matched load. Wherein the first row shows a 3D simulated radiation pattern of an element of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at three different frequencies (700, 1000, 1300 MHz) across its bandwidth, the second row shows simulated and measured gain versus angle curves of an element of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at the three different frequencies, the third row shows a 3D simulated radiation pattern of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at the three different frequencies, and the fourth row shows simulated and measured gain versus angle curves of the antenna array at the three different frequencies. Black cuts on the 3D simulated radiation pattern (plane phi =0 deg.) were compared to the measurements. Reasonable agreement between simulation and experimental results can be observed. The slight differences observed between the simulation and the measurement are due to manufacturing tolerances, potential misalignment of the axis alignment of the precisely positioned antenna and the near field measurement system, and the presence of feeder cables in the measurement system that are not present. Furthermore, the ground plane of the antenna array is rather large and will bend slightly when installed indoors, which is another factor that may cause these differences. However, these divergences are small and the measurement results are more closely matched to the theoretical results overall.
To test the performance of the wideband multi-beam antenna array in a more realistic operating scenario, the present embodiment simulates the wideband multi-beam antenna array installed on a simplified model of a highly mobile multi-purpose wheeled vehicle. As shown in fig. 18, the high mobility utility wheeled vehicle has a length of 4.6m, a width of 2.3m, and a height of 2.0m. The broadband multi-beam antenna array is positioned at the top of the high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle and is 2m away from the ground. The Sophia terrain model is used to represent a uniform terrain in the half-space region z < 0. The results for wet and dry floor are provided in fig. 19 (a) and fig. 19 (b), respectively. Both grounding properties are set to be frequency dependent. The relative permittivity and conductivity of the wet ground gradually increase with frequency in the intervals [29.5, 29.7] and [0.044,0.080], respectively. The relative permittivity and conductivity of dry ground similarly vary within the intervals of [3.77,3.95] and [0.010,0.015], respectively. Simulation results show that the presence of the vehicle does not significantly change the input reflection coefficient of the antenna. The expanded size of the vehicle and the presence of the ground changes the shape of the radiation pattern. Figure 19 shows the radiation patterns of two orthogonal cuts (x-z and y-z) of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at three different frequencies. The fluctuations in the actual gain of the wideband multi-beam antenna array are caused by the presence of the platform and ground reflections. However, the wideband multi-beam antenna array maintains directional behavior over its operating frequency bandwidth.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises the element.
The wideband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to the decimeter-wave band vehicle-mounted communication provided by the application are introduced in detail, and specific examples are applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the application, and the description of the above embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband multi-beam antenna array element applied to decimeter wave band vehicle-mounted communication is characterized by comprising: the loop radiation plate, the monopole radiation plate, the ground plate and the feed rod are arranged on the feed rod;
the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiation plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod;
when a radio-frequency signal is input into the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects the energy of the radio-frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate.
2. The wideband multibeam antenna array element of claim 1, wherein the loop radiating plates comprise a first radiating plate, a second radiating plate, and a curved connecting plate; the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the grounding plate; the curved surface connecting plate is respectively connected with the ends, far away from the grounding plate, of the first radiating plate and the second radiating plate; the monopole radiation plate is arranged on the side edge of the second radiation plate in parallel; the end of the first radiation plate close to the ground plate is connected with the ground plate; the end part of the second radiation plate close to the grounding plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod.
3. The wideband multiple beam antenna element of claim 1 further comprising a feed probe; one end of the feed probe is connected with the feed rod, and the other end of the feed probe penetrates through the other surface of the grounding plate and extends to the other surface of the grounding plate.
4. The wideband multiple beam antenna array element of claim 1 wherein the feed rod is connected to the monopole radiating plate at an end proximate to the ground plate.
5. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 4, wherein the cross-section of the monopole radiating plate tapers from the end of the monopole radiating plate distal from the feed rod to the end proximal to the feed rod.
6. The wideband multiple beam antenna element of claim 2 wherein the cross-section of the second radiating plate tapers from the end of the second radiating plate distal to the feed stalk to the end proximal to the feed stalk.
7. The wideband multibeam antenna array element of claim 1, wherein the loop radiating plate, the feed rod, and the ground plate are integrally connected.
8. The wideband multi-beam antenna element of claim 1 having a height of λ/3-2 λ/3, where λ is the free-space wavelength.
9. A broadband multi-beam antenna array applied to decimeter-wave-band vehicle-mounted communication is characterized by comprising: eight wideband multi-beam antenna elements according to any of claims 1-8 arranged in a circular pattern.
10. The wideband multi-beam antenna array of claim 9, wherein the wideband multi-beam antenna array has a diameter of 1.220m and a height of 0.330m.
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