CN115275293A - Flow battery and control method thereof - Google Patents

Flow battery and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115275293A
CN115275293A CN202210965871.1A CN202210965871A CN115275293A CN 115275293 A CN115275293 A CN 115275293A CN 202210965871 A CN202210965871 A CN 202210965871A CN 115275293 A CN115275293 A CN 115275293A
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storage device
positive
reaction
negative
flow
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李慧勇
苏道波
李梦源
张豪
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Beijing Jiuzhou Hengsheng Electric Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Jiuzhou Hengsheng Electric Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The application is applicable to the technical field of electrochemistry, and provides a flow battery and a control method thereof, wherein the flow battery comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first positive storage device, a second positive storage device, a first reaction device, a first negative storage device and a second negative storage device, wherein the first positive storage device and the second positive storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative storage device and the second negative storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device. The electrolyte before and after reaction is separately arranged, so that the concentration of the positive electrolyte and the concentration of the negative electrolyte can be kept stable in the discharging or charging process.

Description

Flow battery and control method thereof
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a flow battery and a control method thereof.
Background
Environmental concerns are driving the development and use of higher quality, higher quantity renewable energy sources. However, due to the unstable nature of renewable energy sources, the Electrochemical Energy Storage (EES) is urgently needed for practical utilization in grid applications. The redox flow battery has the advantages of large energy capacity, high safety, flexible control of energy-power ratio and the like, and is a system with great prospect in EES application. Generally, a flow battery is composed of a dot-stack unit, an electrolyte, a positive electrolyte tank, a negative electrolyte tank, and a management control unit, such as an all-vanadium flow battery, a zinc-bromine flow battery, a zinc-cerium flow battery, a ferro-chromium flow battery, a zinc-nickel flow battery, and a lithium ion flow battery, however, in the above flow battery, during a charging process or a discharging process, the ion concentration in a solution in the positive electrode or the negative electrode tank is constantly changed, which is not beneficial to management control.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a flow battery and a control method thereof, and can solve the problems that the system control of the flow battery is complex and the SOC detection is too depended on in the charging and discharging processes.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a flow battery, including:
the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device;
the first positive storage device is at least used for storing an oxidant, the second positive storage device is at least used for storing a reduction product, the first negative storage device is at least used for storing a reducing agent, the second negative storage device is at least used for storing an oxidation product, the oxidant and the reducing agent flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, a solution containing the reduction product and a solution containing the oxidation product are generated and respectively flow into the second positive storage device and the second negative storage device, or the reduction product and the oxidation product flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of external current, and a solution containing the oxidant and a solution containing the reducing agent are generated and respectively flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device.
Further, the first positive storage device and the second positive storage device are controllably in bidirectional communication.
Further, the device also comprises an oxidant concentration detection device for measuring the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device or the second positive storage device; and a reducing agent concentration detection device for detecting the concentration of the reducing agent in the first anode storage device or the second anode storage device.
Furthermore, a first anode circulating pipeline is arranged between the second anode storage device and the first reaction device, so that the solution in the second anode storage device can flow into the second anode storage device after flowing into the first reaction device from the first anode circulating pipeline; and a first negative electrode circulating pipeline is arranged between the second negative electrode storage device and the first reaction device, so that the solution in the second negative electrode storage device can flow into the second positive electrode storage device after flowing into the first reaction device from the first negative electrode circulating pipeline.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a flow battery comprising: the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a second reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device; the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the second reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the second reaction device;
the first positive storage device is at least used for storing an oxidant, the second positive storage device is at least used for storing a reduction product, the first negative storage device is at least used for storing a reducing agent, the second negative storage device is at least used for storing an oxidation product, the oxidant and the reducing agent flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, a solution containing the reduction product and a solution containing the oxidation product are generated and respectively flow into the second positive storage device and the second negative storage device, or the reduction product and the oxidation product flow through the second reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of external current, and a solution containing the oxidant and a solution containing the reducing agent are generated and respectively flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device.
Further, the first positive storage device and the second positive storage device are controllably in bidirectional communication.
Further, the device also comprises an oxidant concentration detection device for measuring the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device or the second positive storage device; and a reducing agent concentration detection device for detecting the concentration of the reducing agent in the first anode storage device or the second anode storage device.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a flow battery comprising: the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a second reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device; the second anode storage device is connected with the second reaction device through two pipelines, and the second cathode storage device is connected with the second reaction device through two pipelines; the first positive storage device and the second positive storage device are in controllable two-way communication, and the first negative storage device and the second negative storage device are in controllable two-way communication.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a flow battery control method,
during the discharge process: enabling a solution containing an oxidant to flow into a first reaction device from a first positive electrode storage device, simultaneously enabling a solution containing a reducing agent to flow into the first reaction device from a first negative electrode storage device, enabling the oxidant and the reducing agent to generate oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device and discharge, and enabling the generated solution containing a reduction product and the solution containing an oxidation product to flow into a second positive electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device respectively;
in the charging process: and applying an external current to the first reaction device to cause the reduction product and the oxidation product to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device, thereby generating a solution containing an oxidizing agent and a solution containing a reducing agent, which flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device, respectively.
Further, in the discharging process, if the liquid level height in the first positive electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, the solution in the second positive electrode storage device directly flows into the first positive electrode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the first negative storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the second negative storage device to directly flow into the first negative storage device;
in the charging process, if the liquid level height in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first anode storage device to directly flow into the second anode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the second negative electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first negative electrode storage device to directly flow into the second negative electrode storage device.
Further, in the discharging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold value and/or the concentration of the reductant in the second cathode storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the second anode storage device to the first anode storage device and closing a passage from the second cathode storage device to the first cathode storage device, and stopping discharging;
and during charging, when the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value and/or the concentration of the reducing agent in the first negative storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the first positive storage device to the second positive storage device and closing a passage from the first negative storage device to the second negative storage device, and stopping charging.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a flow battery control method,
during the discharge process: enabling a solution containing an oxidant to flow into a first reaction device from a first positive electrode storage device, simultaneously enabling a solution containing a reducing agent to flow into the first reaction device from a first negative electrode storage device, enabling the oxidant and the reducing agent to generate oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device and discharge, and enabling the generated solution containing a reduction product and the solution containing an oxidation product to flow into a second positive electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device respectively;
in the charging process: and applying an external current to the second reaction device to cause the reduction product and the oxidation product to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in the second reaction device, thereby generating a solution containing an oxidizing agent and a solution containing a reducing agent, which flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device, respectively.
Further, in the discharging process, if the liquid level height in the first positive electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, the solution in the second positive electrode storage device directly flows into the first positive electrode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the first negative storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the second negative storage device to directly flow into the first negative storage device;
in the charging process, if the liquid level height in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first anode storage device to directly flow into the second anode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the second negative electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first negative electrode storage device to directly flow into the second negative electrode storage device.
Further, during the discharging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold value, and/or the concentration of the reductant in the second cathode storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the second anode storage device to the first anode storage device, and closing a passage from the second cathode storage device to the first cathode storage device, and stopping discharging;
and in the charging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value and/or the concentration of the reducing agent in the first negative storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the first positive storage device to the second positive storage device and closing a passage from the first negative storage device to the second negative storage device, and stopping charging.
In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a flow battery control method, where a solution in a first positive storage device and a solution in a first negative storage device are made to flow into a first reaction device to complete a discharge reaction, and the reacted solutions are made to flow into a second positive storage device and a second negative storage device, respectively;
and (3) enabling the solution in the second positive electrode storage device to flow into the first reaction device, enabling the solution in the second negative electrode storage device to flow into the first reaction device, applying current to the first reaction device to complete the charging reaction, and enabling the reacted solutions to flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device respectively.
In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a flow battery control method, where a solution in a first positive electrode storage device flows into a first reaction device, a solution in a second negative electrode storage device flows into the first reaction device to complete a discharge reaction, and the solutions after the reaction respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device;
and enabling the solution in the second positive electrode storage device to flow into a second reaction device, enabling the solution in the second negative electrode storage device to flow into the second reaction device, applying current to the second reaction device to complete a charging reaction, and enabling the reacted solutions to flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device respectively.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram provided in another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram provided in another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram provided in another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram provided in another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and includes such combinations.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically stated.
The method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to the present application, and the like, and the embodiments of the present application do not set any limit to a specific type of the terminal device.
The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described below by specific embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a flow battery, including a first positive storage device 101, a second positive storage device 102, a first reaction device 301, a first negative storage device 201, and a second negative storage device 202, where the first positive storage device 101 and the second positive storage device 102 are respectively connected to the first reaction device 301, and the first negative storage device 201 and the second negative storage device 202 are respectively connected to the first reaction device 301. The first reaction device 301 is a stack, the stack at least includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator (the stack structure is prior art and not described in detail here), the first positive electrode storage device 101 at least stores an oxidant, the second positive electrode storage device 102 at least stores a reduction product, the first negative electrode storage device 201 at least stores a reductant, and the second negative electrode storage device 202 at least stores an oxidation product, the oxidant and the reductant respectively flow from the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 into the first reaction device 301 to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction, a solution containing the reduction product and a solution containing the oxidation product are generated, and flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202, respectively, during which chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, and the electrical energy can be output to the outside through an inverter or the like.
During charging, the reduction product and the oxidation product flow through the first reaction device to undergo redox reaction under the action of external current, so as to generate a solution containing an oxidant and a solution containing a reducing agent, and the solutions respectively flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device.
Because the two liquid storage devices are respectively arranged at the positive electrode and the negative electrode, namely the first positive electrode storage device 101, the second positive electrode storage device 102, the first negative electrode storage device 201 and the second negative electrode storage device 202, the charging and the discharging of the flow battery are carried out according to the preset flow direction, namely the discharging process is that the oxidant in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the reductant in the first negative electrode storage device 201 flow into the first reaction device 301, the reduction product and the oxidation product generated after the oxidation-reduction reaction respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202, and the reduction product is separated from the oxidant, the oxidation product and the reductant, so that the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive electrode storage device 101 is kept stable and is not interfered by the reduction product, and the concentration of the reductant in the first negative electrode storage device 201 is also kept stable, thereby ensuring that the power in the discharging process is more stable and reliable; the principle of charging is the same as that of the discharging process, namely, the oxidant generated by charging is separated from the reduction product before charging, and the reducing agent generated by charging is separated from the oxidation product before charging, so that the concentration stability of the electrolyte to be charged can be ensured; the control can be convenient, the control of the flow rate of the electrolyte in the charging and discharging process can be simplified, in addition, under the condition of full charge, the electrolyte solution in the first anode storage device 101 is not doped with any other solution in the discharging process, so the concentration value of the oxidant is stable, the residual electricity quantity can be reflected by the liquid level height, and the dependence of the conventional flow battery on the detection of the SOC value of the electrolyte can be reduced; meanwhile, the SOC (state of charge) value of the flow battery can be calculated more conveniently.
Specifically, the flow battery described in this embodiment may be used for flow batteries with different active materials. For example, in an alternative embodiment, where the invention is used in an all vanadium flow battery, then the oxidant is VO 2 + The reducing agent is V 2+ The reduction product is VO 2+ The oxidation product is V 3+ The electrode reaction in the process of battery discharge is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: VO (vacuum vapor volume) 2 + +2H + +e - Either charge/discharge → VO 2+ +H 2 O
Negative electrode: v 2+ -e - Either charge/discharge → V 3+
And (3) total reaction: VO (volatile organic compound) 2 + +V 2+ +2H + Either charge/discharge → VO 2+ +V 3+ +H 2 O
In the discharge process, under the condition that the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent are fully reacted, all the + 5-valent vanadium ions of the positive electrode are reduced into + 4-valent reduction products, and all the + 2-valent vanadium ions of the negative electrode are oxidized into + 3-valent oxidation products. In this case, the solution flowing into the second positive electrode storage device 102 is entirely vanadium ions with a valence of +4, the solution flowing into the second negative electrode storage device 202 is entirely vanadium ions with a valence of +3, the oxidation product and the reducing agent are isolated from each other, and the reduction product and the oxidizing agent are also isolated from each other, so that the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the first positive electrode storage device 101 can be ensured to be in a stable state, the concentration of the reducing agent in the first negative electrode storage device 201 is also in a stable state, and the stable concentrations are the concentrations of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent at the end of charging, so that the control of parameters such as the flow rate can be simplified, and the stable output power can be ensured.
In an actual discharging process, the +5 vanadium ions of the positive electrode may not be all reduced to a +4 reduction product, and the +2 vanadium ions of the same negative electrode may not be all oxidized to a +3 oxidation product, so that the solution flowing into the second positive electrode storage device 102 is a mixed solution of +4 and +5, the solution flowing into the second negative electrode storage device 202 is a mixed solution of +2 and +3, when the solution in the first positive electrode storage device 101 is used up or the solution in the first negative electrode storage device 201 is used up, the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 may be directly conveyed into the first positive electrode storage device 101, as shown in fig. 3, and at the same time, the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 is directly conveyed into the first negative electrode storage device 201, so that the vanadium ions which are not fully reacted flow into the reaction device again for reaction, which may be used in situations where the load of the power grid is too large or other situations need to continue discharging.
The charging process and the discharging process are opposite, and by controlling the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 to flow into the reaction device at the same time and applying an external current to the reaction device, the reduction product can be oxidized into the oxidizing agent and the oxidation product can be reduced into the reducing agent, and the generated oxidizing agent and the generated reducing agent flow into the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201, respectively. Similarly, when the grid load is small and the power generation amount is excessive, after the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 or the second negative electrode storage device 202 runs out, the solution in the first positive electrode storage device 101 may be directly transferred to the second positive electrode storage device 102, and the solution in the first negative electrode storage device 201 may be directly transferred to the second negative electrode storage device 202, so that the charging operation may be repeated.
In an alternative embodiment, the transportation and flow of the solution in the storage devices described in the above embodiments may be implemented by a water pump and a pipeline, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, for example, the first positive storage device 101 is connected to the first reaction device 301 through a pipeline, the water pump is disposed on the pipeline between the second negative storage device 202 and the first reaction device 301, the water pump is disposed on the pipeline between the first negative storage device 201 and the first reaction device 301, and the water pump is disposed on the second negative storage device 202 and the first reaction device 301. The water pumps can be one-way water pumps which are arranged in pairs, so that controllable two-way flow is realized between the storage device and the first reaction device 301; the height difference can also be used, for example, the first positive storage device 101 and the first negative storage device 201 are disposed above the first reaction device 301, so that the electrolyte flowing from the first positive storage device 101 to the first reaction device 301 can be provided without a pump (the same applies to the first negative storage device 201), and the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 are disposed below the first reaction device, the reacted electrolyte can flow into the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 under the action of gravity, and in this process, no water pump is needed, so that only a one-way water pump is needed to be disposed on the pipeline from the second positive storage device to the first reaction device, and a one-way water pump is disposed on the pipeline from the second negative storage device to the first reaction device, and the electrolyte in the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 is pumped to the first reaction device 301 for charging reaction.
Further, when the water pump is a bidirectional pump (as shown in fig. 2), only one bidirectional pump (the same principle as the negative electrode) may be disposed between the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first reaction device 301 and between the second positive electrode storage device and the first reaction device, so that the bidirectional pump is responsible for pumping the solution in the first positive electrode storage device 101 to the first reaction device 301 (forward circulation, discharge reaction) and also responsible for pumping the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 to the first reaction device 301 (reverse circulation, charge reaction), and the same principle as the negative electrode.
Further, the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the second positive electrode storage device 102 in the present application may be separately disposed, that is, disposed as two independent storage devices, or disposed integrally, for example, disposed in the same container, the two storage devices are separated by a partition, and a control valve and/or a water pump that can control the mutual flow of solutions in the two storage devices are disposed on the partition. It should be noted that the examples given in the embodiments of the present application are only illustrative examples, and the arrangement form and structure of the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are not limited, and any technical solution that satisfies the requirement of the electrolyte separation storage before and after the positive electrode or negative electrode reaction is within the scope of the present application.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow battery provided by the invention can also be applied to a zinc-bromine flow battery. The reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: br 2 +2e - ← Charge/discharge → 2Br -
Negative electrode: zn ← charging/discharging → Zn 2+ +2e -
And (3) total reaction: zn + Br 2 Axle charge/discharge → 2ZnBr 2
Similar to the all-vanadium flow battery, the zinc-bromine flow battery is equivalent to replacing oxidant with Br in comparison with the all-vanadium flow battery 2 Replacing the reducing agent by Zn and the reduction product by Br - Oxidizing products ofIs substituted by Zn 2+ . Other control methods and structural designs can be referred to the description of the all-vanadium redox flow battery in the embodiment.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow battery provided by the invention can also be applied to a zinc-cerium flow battery. The reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: 2Ce 4+ +2e - ← Charge/discharge → 2Ce 3+
Negative electrode: zn ← charging/discharging → Zn 2+ +2e
And (3) total reaction: 2Ce 4+ + Zn ← charging/discharging → Zn 2+ +2Ce 3+
Similar to the all-vanadium flow battery, the zinc-cerium flow battery is equivalent to replacing the oxidant with Ce in comparison with the all-vanadium flow battery 4+ Replacing the reducing agent by Zn and replacing the reduction product by Ce 3+ Substitution of the oxidation product for Zn 2+ . Other control methods and structural designs can be referred to the description of the all-vanadium redox flow battery in the embodiment.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow battery provided by the invention can also be applied to a zinc-nickel flow battery. The reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: 2Ni (OH) 2 +2OH - Either charge/discharge → 2NiOOH +2H 2 O+2e -
Negative electrode: zn (OH) 4 2- +2e - ← Charge/discharge → Zn +4OH -
Similar to the all-vanadium redox flow battery, compared with the all-vanadium redox flow battery, the zinc-nickel redox flow battery is equivalent to replacing an oxidant by NiOOH, a reducing agent by Zn and a reduction product by Ni (OH) 2 Substitution of the oxidation product by Zn (OH) 4 2- . Other control methods and structural designs can be referred to the description of the all-vanadium redox flow battery in the embodiment.
In an alternative embodiment, the flow battery provided by the invention can also be applied to a lead flow battery. The reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: pbO 2 +4H + +2e - Axle charge/discharge → Pb 2+ +2H 2 O
Negative electrode: pb ← Charge/discharge → Pb 2+ +2e -
And (3) total reaction: 2Pb 2+ +2H 2 O ← Charge/discharge → PbO 2 +4H + +Pb
Similar to all vanadium flow batteries, lead flow batteries are equivalent to replacing the oxidant with PbO as compared to all vanadium flow batteries 2 Replacing the reducing agent with Pb and replacing the reduced product with Pb 2+ Replacement of the oxidation product with Pb 2+ . Other control methods and structural designs can be referred to the description of the all-vanadium redox flow battery in the embodiment. In addition, there are many flow batteries that can be used, such as sodium polysulfide/bromine flow battery, iron-chromium flow battery, etc., and for the sake of simplifying the description, the present application does not describe them one by one, and it should be noted that all flow batteries in which electrolytes of a positive electrode and a negative electrode are separated from each other can be applied with the technical solution proposed in the present application. The several flow batteries listed in this application are also merely illustrative and do not represent that this application can only be applied to the above-mentioned several flow batteries.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, all the above embodiments may be further configured as follows: a second reaction device 302 is provided, the second reaction device 302 and the first reaction device 301 are independent from each other, the positive electrode inlet of the second reaction device 302 is communicated with the outlet of the second positive electrode storage device 102, the positive electrode outlet of the second reaction device 302 is communicated with the inlet of the first positive electrode storage device 101, the negative electrode inlet of the second reaction device 302 is communicated with the outlet of the second negative electrode storage device 202, and the negative electrode outlet of the second reaction device 302 is communicated with the inlet of the first negative electrode storage device 201. Therefore, reaction sites of the charging process and the discharging process of the flow battery are separated, and a flow path of the solution during charging is different from that during discharging, so that the work of charging and discharging can be performed more efficiently.
The specific discharging process is as follows: the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent flow through the first reaction device 301 to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction, so as to generate a solution containing a reduction product and a solution containing an oxidation product, and flow into the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202, respectively;
the charging process is as follows: the reduction product from the second positive storage device 102 and the oxidation product from the second negative storage device 202 flow through the second reaction device 302 to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of an external current, so as to generate a solution containing an oxidant and a solution containing a reductant, and the solutions respectively flow into the first positive storage device 101 and the first negative storage device 201.
In an optional embodiment, the system further comprises an oxidant concentration detection device for measuring the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device 101 or the second positive storage device 102; and reducing agent concentration detection means for detecting the concentration of the reducing agent in the first anode storage means 201 or the second anode storage means 202.
The oxidant concentration detection device and the reductant concentration detection device are used for indirectly reacting the discharge degree or the charge degree of the battery. For example, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second positive storage device 102 is higher, for example, higher than a certain threshold, it indicates that the electrolyte in the second positive storage device 102 still has a certain discharge capacity, and the discharged electrolyte can be recycled in the deep discharge process. Specifically, the oxidant concentration detecting device or the reductant concentration detecting device may be a device that adopts a plurality of detection methods, such as an electricity quantity accumulation method, a resistance measurement method, an open circuit voltage method (OVC), a spectrophotometry method, a conductance method, an auxiliary battery method, an electrode potential method, and the like, and taking the electrode potential method as an example, an integrated measuring probe may be manufactured by arranging a working electrode and a reference electrode, the integrated measuring probe is placed in a positive electrolyte pipeline and a negative electrolyte pipeline, the potential of the working electrode is monitored, and the oxidant concentration or the reductant concentration is converted by a nernst equation, and the plurality of detection methods are all the prior art, and are not described in detail in this embodiment. When the discharge is performed for multiple cycles or the charge is performed for multiple cycles, the oxidant concentration detection device and the reductant concentration detection device can be used to determine the oxidant concentration in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the reductant concentration in the second negative electrode storage device 202, so as to determine whether the flow battery can perform the cycle discharge. The oxidizing agent concentration detection device and the reducing agent concentration detection device may be provided inside the storage device or outside the storage device, and are specifically selected according to different detection methods and means.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the system comprises a first positive storage device 101, a second positive storage device 102, a first negative storage device 201, a second negative storage device 202, and a first reaction device 301, wherein the first reaction device 301 is a stack, the first positive storage device 101 and the second positive storage device 102 are respectively communicated with the first reaction device 301, and the first negative storage device 201 and the second negative storage device 202 are respectively communicated with the first reaction device 301. A first positive electrode circulating pipeline is further arranged between the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the first reaction device 301, so that the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 can flow into the first reaction device 301 from the first positive electrode circulating pipeline and then flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102; a first negative electrode circulation pipeline is further disposed between the second negative electrode storage device 202 and the first reaction device 301, so that the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 can flow into the first reaction device 301 from the first negative electrode circulation pipeline and then flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102.
Specifically, the first positive electrode circulating pipeline and the first negative electrode circulating pipeline are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves K1 and K2, and a water pump for controlling the flow direction of electrolyte of the flow battery. When the electromagnetic valves K1 and K2 are opened, the charging or discharging process of the internal circulation of the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 can be realized, so that the ion concentrations of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 are not affected in the internal circulation process of the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202, and the discharging capability of the electrolyte stored in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 can be maintained stably.
Specifically, the first positive electrode circulation pipeline is essentially a pipeline additionally arranged between the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the first reaction device 301 (the same applies to the negative electrode), so that the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 can flow into the first reaction device 301 and then flow back to the second positive electrode storage device 102.
When the solenoid valves K1 and K2 are closed, the flow battery may operate in a default mode, that is, after the solutions in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 are reacted (charged or discharged) in the first reaction device 301, the solutions respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202.
Further, the first positive storage device 101 is in controllable bidirectional communication with the second positive storage device 102, and the first negative storage device 201 is in controllable bidirectional communication with the second negative storage device 202. The solutions in the first positive storage device 101 and the second positive storage device 102 can be directly transmitted to each other under a specific operating condition, and the solutions in the first negative storage device 201 and the second negative storage device 202 can also be directly transmitted to each other under a specific operating condition.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, another flow battery is further provided, which is different from the flow battery shown in fig. 5 in that a second reaction device 302 is added, and the second positive electrode storage device 102 is in circulating communication with the second reaction device 302 through two pipelines, and the second negative electrode storage device 202 is in circulating communication with the second reaction device 302 through two pipelines, and a water pump is disposed on the circulating pipeline, so that the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 can flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 after flowing into the first reaction device 301 through the first positive electrode circulating pipeline; the solution in the second anode storage device 202 may flow into the first reaction device 301 through the first anode circulation line and then flow into the second anode storage device 102.
The above embodiment can achieve the following effects, the charging and discharging places are separated by the second reaction device 302, the charging and discharging processes are not interfered with each other, the working efficiency of the battery is improved, when the discharging step is performed in the first reaction device 301, the solution in the first positive storage device 101 flows into the second positive storage device 102 through the first reaction device 301 (the same negative electrode principle), at this time, the solution in the second positive storage device 102 can flow into the second reaction device 302 for charging operation, and the charged solution flows back into the second positive storage device 102 (the same negative electrode principle), so that the concentrations of the oxidant and the reductant in the first positive storage device 101 and the first negative storage device 201 can be ensured to be stable. In addition, when the liquid levels in the first cathode storage device 101 and the first anode storage device 201 are lower than a certain threshold, the solutions in the second cathode storage device 102 and the second anode storage device 202 can be directly input into the first cathode storage device 101 and the first anode storage device 201, respectively, so as to continuously maintain the stability of the concentrations of the oxidant and the reductant in the first cathode storage device 101 and the first anode storage device 201.
As an alternative embodiment, the above embodiment may be further selectively configured as follows, and referring to fig. 7, the technical solution shown in fig. 7 is different from that shown in fig. 6 in that the first positive electrode circulation line between the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the first reaction device 301 added in fig. 6 is removed, and the first negative electrode circulation line between the second negative electrode storage device 202 and the first reaction device 301 is removed. The working principle is that the solution in the first positive storage device 101 and the solution in the first negative storage device 201 flow into the first reaction device 301 to generate a discharge reaction, and the reacted solutions flow into the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 respectively. The solutions in the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 flow into the second reaction device 302 for charging, and the charged solutions flow into the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202, respectively. The above-described charging and discharging reactions may be performed simultaneously or not, and the concentrations of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 may be stabilized, thereby simplifying the control.
In addition, the technical solution provided by the present embodiment is also applicable to the above examples of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a flow battery control method:
during the discharge process: allowing a solution containing an oxidizing agent to flow from a first positive electrode storage device 101 into a first reaction device 301, and simultaneously allowing a solution containing a reducing agent to flow from a first negative electrode storage device 201 into the first reaction device 301, wherein the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device 301 and are discharged, and allowing the generated solution containing a reduction product and the generated solution containing an oxidation product to flow into a second positive electrode storage device 102 and a second negative electrode storage device 202, respectively; specifically, the solution containing the reduction product means that the solution contains the reduction product, but may contain other substances such as an oxidizing agent in the case where the reaction is insufficient. The solution containing the oxidation product means that the solution contains the oxidation product, but may contain other substances such as a reducing agent in the case where the reaction is insufficient.
In the charging process: a solution containing a reduction product is flowed into the first reaction device 301, and a solution containing an oxidation product is flowed into the first reaction device 301, and an external current is applied to the first reaction device 301 to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction between the reduction product and the oxidation product in the first reaction device 301, thereby generating a solution containing an oxidizing agent and a solution containing a reducing agent, which are flowed into the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201, respectively. Specifically, a solution containing an oxidizing agent means that the solution contains an oxidizing agent, but in the case where the reaction is insufficient, there may be other substances such as a reduction product.
Specifically, the oxide, the reduced matter, the reduced product, and the oxidized product described in the above control method may be the oxide, the reduced matter, the reduced product, and the oxidized product indicated in any of the flow batteries listed in example 1, and the corresponding substances in other flow batteries having the same principle as the flow battery listed in example 1.
This embodiment also provides, as a changeable embodiment, a flow battery control method whose required structure is shown with reference to fig. 5,
during discharging, the solution in the first positive electrode storage device 101 flows into the first reaction device 301, the solution in the first negative electrode storage device 201 flows into the first reaction device 301 to generate a discharging reaction, and the reacted solutions respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202;
during charging, the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 flows into the first reaction device 301 through the first positive electrode circulation pipeline, the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 flows into the first reaction device 301 through the first negative electrode circulation pipeline to complete the charging reaction, and the reacted solutions flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 respectively. The method is used for charging according to the steps when the solutions in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 stop from a discharging state, so that the charged solutions can be prevented from entering the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201, the concentrations of the oxidant and the reductant in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 are stable, and the solutions in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 can be directly conveyed to the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 when the solutions in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 are completely reacted; or when the solution in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the solution in the first negative electrode storage device 201 are respectively transferred to the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 when the solution does not need to be discharged and needs to be charged, so that the solutions in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 are circularly charged.
This example also provides a new flow battery control method as an alternative implementation, and the structure required to implement this method is shown with reference to fig. 7.
Making the solution in the first positive storage device 101 flow into the first reaction device 301, making the solution in the first negative storage device 201 flow into the first reaction device 301 to complete the discharge reaction, and making the reacted solution flow into the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 respectively;
the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 flows into the second reaction device 302, the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 flows into the second reaction device 302, and a current is applied to the second reaction device 302 to complete the charging reaction, so that the reacted solutions respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202. The charging and discharging reactions may be performed simultaneously or not, and the concentrations of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 may be stabilized, thereby simplifying the control. Further, in the configuration shown in fig. 6, the discharge reaction can also be realized by positive circulation of the solutions in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202 through the first positive electrode circulation pipeline and the first negative electrode circulation pipeline, so as to more fully utilize the active reducing agent and the oxidant in the second positive electrode storage device 102 and the second negative electrode storage device 202.
In an alternative embodiment, during the discharging process, if the liquid level in the first positive storage device 101 is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the second positive storage device 102 directly flows into the first positive storage device 101; or, when the liquid level in the first negative storage device 201 is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the second negative storage device 202 directly flows into the first negative storage device 201. Specifically, the detection of the liquid level height can be realized by arranging a liquid level sensor, and the liquid level sensor is a prior art embodiment and is not described in detail. When the load of the power grid is too large, the flow battery completes one discharge cycle (that is, all the solutions in the first positive storage device 101 participate in the reaction and flow into the second positive storage device 102, or all the solutions in the first negative storage device 201 participate in the reaction and flow into the second negative storage device 202), which is still insufficient to make up for the demand of the power grid, or other situations requiring a large amount of discharge, because the solutions in the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 have some ions that do not yet react and have a certain discharge capacity, the solutions in the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202 can be directly delivered to the first positive storage device 101 and the first negative storage device 201, respectively, and a second round of discharge cycle is performed. Or directly conveying the solution in the second positive electrode storage device 102 to the first reaction device 301 through a pump, and conveying the solution in the second negative electrode storage device 202 to the first reaction device 301 for the second round of discharge.
In the charging process, if the liquid level in the second positive storage device 102 is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the first positive storage device 101 directly flows into the second positive storage device 102; or, when the liquid level in the second negative storage device 202 is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the first negative storage device 201 directly flows into the second negative storage device 202. When the electric power is sufficient, the concentrations of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the solutions in the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the first negative electrode storage device 201 can be further increased.
In an alternative embodiment, during the discharging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second positive storage device 102 is lower than a preset concentration threshold, and/or the concentration of the reductant in the second negative storage device 202 is lower than a preset concentration threshold, the passage from the second positive storage device 102 to the first positive storage device 101 is closed, and the passage from the second negative storage device 202 to the first negative storage device 201 is closed, and the discharging process is stopped;
during charging, when the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device 101 is higher than a preset concentration threshold and/or the concentration of the reductant in the first negative storage device 201 is higher than a preset concentration threshold, the passage from the first positive storage device 101 to the second positive storage device 102 is closed, and the passage from the first negative storage device 201 to the second negative storage device 202 is closed, and charging is stopped.
Specifically, the above steps are applied to a multi-cycle discharging or charging process, and an oxidant concentration detection device and a reductant concentration detection device may be respectively disposed in the second positive storage device 102 and the second negative storage device 202, and are used for detecting the concentration of the oxidant in the second positive storage device 102 and the concentration of the reductant in the second negative storage device 202. Judging whether the solution has the discharge capacity or not according to the concentrations of the oxidant and the reductant, comparing the detected concentrations of the oxidant and the reductant with a preset concentration threshold, if the concentration of the oxidant in the second anode storage device 102 is lower than the preset concentration threshold, or the concentration of the reductant in the second cathode storage device 202 is lower than the preset concentration threshold, proving that the solutions in the second anode storage device 102 and the second cathode storage device 202 have no effective discharge capacity, at the moment, closing a channel flowing from the second cathode storage device 202 to the first cathode storage device 201, and closing a channel flowing from the second anode storage device 102 to the first anode storage device 101. Specifically, the passage from the second positive electrode storage device 102 to the first positive electrode storage device 101 and the passage from the second negative electrode storage device 202 to the first negative electrode storage device 201 can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the pump. Further, the oxidant concentration detection device may be selectively disposed outside the first positive storage device 102, or the oxidant concentration detection device may be selectively disposed in the first positive storage device 101, or disposed outside the first positive storage device 101, and similarly, the reductant concentration detection device may be selectively disposed in the first negative storage device 201, or disposed outside the second negative storage device 202. In the present embodiment, the installation positions of the oxidizing agent concentration detection device and the reducing agent concentration detection device are not limited, and are merely exemplary.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above-mentioned function distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-mentioned functions. Each functional unit and module in the embodiments may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated in one unit, and the integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or in a form of software functional unit. In addition, specific names of the functional units and modules are only used for distinguishing one functional unit from another, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working processes of the units and modules in the system may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be construed as being included in the present application.

Claims (16)

1. A flow battery, comprising: the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device;
the first positive storage device is at least used for storing an oxidizing agent, the second positive storage device is at least used for storing a reduction product, the first negative storage device is at least used for storing a reducing agent, the second negative storage device is at least used for storing an oxidation product, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, a solution containing the reduction product and a solution containing the oxidation product are generated and flow into the second positive storage device and the second negative storage device respectively, or the reduction product and the oxidation product flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of external current, and a solution containing the oxidizing agent and a solution containing the reducing agent are generated and flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device respectively.
2. The flow battery of claim 1, wherein the first positive storage device is in controllable bi-directional communication with the second positive storage device.
3. The flow battery of claim 1, further comprising an oxidant concentration detection device for measuring an oxidant concentration in the first positive storage device or in the second positive storage device; and a reducing agent concentration detection device for detecting the concentration of the reducing agent in the first anode storage device or the second anode storage device.
4. The flow battery as recited in claim 1, wherein a first anode circulation pipeline is further disposed between the second anode storage device and the first reaction device, so that the solution in the second anode storage device can flow into the second anode storage device after flowing into the first reaction device from the first anode circulation pipeline; and a first cathode circulating pipeline is arranged between the second cathode storage device and the first reaction device, so that the solution in the second cathode storage device can flow into the second anode storage device after flowing into the first reaction device from the first cathode circulating pipeline.
5. A flow battery, comprising: the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a second reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device; the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the second reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the second reaction device;
the first positive storage device is at least used for storing an oxidizing agent, the second positive storage device is at least used for storing a reduction product, the first negative storage device is at least used for storing a reducing agent, the second negative storage device is at least used for storing an oxidation product, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent flow through the first reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, a solution containing the reduction product and a solution containing the oxidation product are generated and flow into the second positive storage device and the second negative storage device respectively, or the reduction product and the oxidation product flow through the second reaction device to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of external current, a solution containing the oxidizing agent and a solution containing the reducing agent are generated and flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device respectively.
6. The flow battery of claim 5, wherein the first positive storage device is in controllable bi-directional communication with the second positive storage device.
7. The flow battery of claim 5, further comprising an oxidant concentration detection device for measuring an oxidant concentration in the first positive storage device or the second positive storage device; and a reducing agent concentration detection device for detecting the concentration of the reducing agent in the first anode storage device or the second anode storage device.
8. A flow battery, characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first positive electrode storage device, a second positive electrode storage device, a first reaction device, a second reaction device, a first negative electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device, wherein the first positive electrode storage device and the second positive electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device, and the first negative electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device are respectively connected with the first reaction device; the second anode storage device is connected with the second reaction device through two pipelines, and the second cathode storage device is connected with the second reaction device through two pipelines; the first positive storage device and the second positive storage device are in controllable two-way communication, and the first negative storage device and the second negative storage device are in controllable two-way communication.
9. A flow battery control method is characterized in that:
during the discharge process: enabling a solution containing an oxidant to flow into a first reaction device from a first positive electrode storage device, simultaneously enabling a solution containing a reducing agent to flow into the first reaction device from a first negative electrode storage device, enabling the oxidant and the reducing agent to generate oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device and discharge, and enabling the generated solution containing a reduction product and the solution containing an oxidation product to flow into a second positive electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device respectively;
in the charging process: and applying an external current to the first reaction device to cause the reduction product and the oxidation product to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device, thereby generating a solution containing an oxidizing agent and a solution containing a reducing agent, which flow into the first positive storage device and the first negative storage device, respectively.
10. The flow battery control method according to claim 9, wherein during discharging, if the liquid level in the first positive storage device is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the second positive storage device directly flows into the first positive storage device; or when the liquid level height in the first negative storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the second negative storage device to directly flow into the first negative storage device;
in the charging process, if the liquid level height in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first anode storage device to directly flow into the second anode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the second negative electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first negative electrode storage device to directly flow into the second negative electrode storage device.
11. The flow battery control method according to claim 9, wherein during discharging, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second positive storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold and/or the concentration of the reductant in the second negative storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold, the passage from the second positive storage device to the first positive storage device is closed, and the passage from the second negative storage device to the first negative storage device is closed, and discharging is stopped;
and in the charging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value and/or the concentration of the reducing agent in the first negative storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the first positive storage device to the second positive storage device and closing a passage from the first negative storage device to the second negative storage device, and stopping charging.
12. A flow battery control method is characterized in that:
in the discharging process: enabling a solution containing an oxidant to flow into a first reaction device from a first positive electrode storage device, simultaneously enabling a solution containing a reducing agent to flow into the first reaction device from a first negative electrode storage device, enabling the oxidant and the reducing agent to generate oxidation-reduction reaction in the first reaction device and discharge, and enabling the generated solution containing a reduction product and the solution containing an oxidation product to flow into a second positive electrode storage device and a second negative electrode storage device respectively;
in the charging process: and applying an external current to the second reaction device to cause the reduction product and the oxidation product to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in the second reaction device, so as to generate a solution containing an oxidizing agent and a solution containing a reducing agent, and respectively flowing the solutions into the first positive electrode storage device and the first negative electrode storage device.
13. The flow battery control method according to claim 12, wherein during discharging, if the liquid level in the first positive storage device is lower than a preset threshold, the solution in the second positive storage device directly flows into the first positive storage device; or when the liquid level height in the first negative storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the second negative storage device to directly flow into the first negative storage device;
in the charging process, if the liquid level height in the second anode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first anode storage device to directly flow into the second anode storage device; or when the liquid level height in the second negative electrode storage device is lower than a preset threshold value, enabling the solution in the first negative electrode storage device to directly flow into the second negative electrode storage device.
14. The flow battery control method according to claim 12, wherein during the discharging process, when the concentration of the oxidant in the second positive storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold and/or the concentration of the reductant in the second negative storage device is lower than a preset concentration threshold, a passage from the second positive storage device to the first positive storage device is closed, and a passage from the second negative storage device to the first negative storage device is closed, and the discharging is stopped;
and during charging, when the concentration of the oxidant in the first positive storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value and/or the concentration of the reducing agent in the first negative storage device is higher than a preset concentration threshold value, closing a passage from the first positive storage device to the second positive storage device and closing a passage from the first negative storage device to the second negative storage device, and stopping charging.
15. A flow battery control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the solution in the first anode storage device and the solution in the first cathode storage device flow into the first reaction device to complete the discharge reaction, and the reacted solutions flow into the second anode storage device and the second cathode storage device respectively;
and (3) enabling the solution in the second positive electrode storage device to flow into the first reaction device, enabling the solution in the second negative electrode storage device to flow into the first reaction device, applying current to the first reaction device to finish the charging reaction, and enabling the reacted solutions to flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device respectively.
16. A flow battery control method is characterized in that a solution in a first positive electrode storage device flows into a first reaction device, a solution in a second negative electrode storage device flows into the first reaction device to complete a discharge reaction, and the reacted solutions respectively flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device;
and enabling the solution in the second positive electrode storage device to flow into a second reaction device, enabling the solution in the second negative electrode storage device to flow into the second reaction device, applying current to the second reaction device to complete a charging reaction, and enabling the reacted solutions to flow into the second positive electrode storage device and the second negative electrode storage device respectively.
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