CN115275268A - Hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation regulation and control system optimization method, controller, channel switching regulation and control method and battery system - Google Patents
Hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation regulation and control system optimization method, controller, channel switching regulation and control method and battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115275268A CN115275268A CN202210881689.8A CN202210881689A CN115275268A CN 115275268 A CN115275268 A CN 115275268A CN 202210881689 A CN202210881689 A CN 202210881689A CN 115275268 A CN115275268 A CN 115275268A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The application provides an optimization method, a controller, a channel switching regulation and control method and a battery system for a hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation regulation and control system. The regulating system comprises a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation structures which are arranged in parallel and a controller; the front end of the integrated structure is connected with hydrogen supply equipment, and the rear end of the integrated structure is communicated with a hydrogen fuel cell stack; the units of the plurality of structures are all connected with the controller; the pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation structure comprises a hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel and a pressure/flow regulating device arranged at the front end of the hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel. The controller is integrated with an optimization method of a fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system, PWM signals of all pressure/flow regulation devices can independently complete opening and closing time lengths with different pulse frequencies according to a control strategy, and the opening, closing time and speed of gas supply channels participating in switching are regulated by matching with different duty ratio openings to realize the stability of system outlet pressure in the switching process of hydrogen among a plurality of different channels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an optimization method of a hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation regulation and control system, a controller, a channel switching regulation and control method and a cell system.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) engines replace the inefficient combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines by the efficient electrochemical reaction between hydrogen Fuel and oxygen in the air, producing electrical energy to directly drive tailpipe-free hydrogen-Cell vehicles. The extremely high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission characteristic and rapid fuel filling capability of the automobile become ideal targets of next generation new energy automobiles and are rapidly developed in recent years. In the next decades, fuel cell engines will become the dominant flow power system for long distance running and heavy duty vehicles, as well as commercial and taxi vehicles in cities. The anode hydrogen supply and return system of the hydrogen ejector adopted in the existing proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell can meet the requirement of excess hydrogen recovery circulation in the working process of a galvanic pile. In view of the narrow working range of a single ejector, a method for using a plurality of ejectors with different sizes in combination is proposed to improve the working range of the fuel cell stack, as shown in the patent application CN 112072145B-hydrogen pressure reduction regulation system, method, equipment, cell system and design method. In the patent, the multi-ejector hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system enlarges the power coverage range of the fuel cell stack by optimally designing the size of each ejector. However, in the application process, in order to respond to the output power change of the fuel cell, pressure impact can be caused to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell due to the instantaneous change of hydrogen flow and pressure when a hydrogen circulation system is switched by a plurality of ejectors with different sizes or a plurality of ejector/hydrogen pump gas supply channels, and slight fatigue accumulation damage is caused. Meanwhile, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure of the fuel cell must be kept stable within a certain pressure difference. When the fuel cell hydrogen supply system ejector is switched, the pressure fluctuation of the multi-ejector system outlet (anode inlet) is overlarge, and the cathode pressure is difficult to dynamically balance. Both of which contribute to the degradation of the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an optimization method, a controller, a regulation and control system, a channel switching and control method, and a battery system for a hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system, which can ensure the hydrogen pressure stability and the rapid response of gas supply under the working conditions of hydrogen pressure reduction and gas supply and circulation channel switching in the hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:
an optimization method of a hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system is applied to a controller in the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system of a fuel cell and is used for controlling the stability of the outlet pressure of the system in the switching process of hydrogen among different air passages; the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a system pressure second-order dynamic response model according to the change data of the pressure of the inlets of the hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels when the plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels are switched; the system pressure second order dynamic response model may be expressed as:
wherein m, c and k respectively represent the mass, the vibration coefficient and the elastic coefficient of the dynamic system;
according to the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel conversion test data of the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel system, identifying parameters m, c and k of a pressure second-order dynamic response model through a fitting algorithm; obtaining the amplitude zeta and the system frequency omega of the system pressure responsenThe gain is increased, and the accurate simulation of the pressure dynamic response characteristic of the multi-hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel system is realized; the transfer function may be expressed as:
and adjusting the PWM signal of a pressure/flow adjusting device in the hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system of the fuel cell according to the parameters m, c and k of the pressure second-order dynamic response model to control different pulse frequencies and the opening and closing time lengths of a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels and realize the pressure stability of the hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system of the fuel cell by matching with different duty ratio openings.
The hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel is an ejector, a hydrogen circulating pump and a hydrogen direct passage.
Further, the hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system comprises a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels:
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of a plurality of hydrogen circulation ejectors connected in parallel;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and a hydrogen straight channel;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and hydrogen circulation pumps;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation pumps and a hydrogen straight channel;
or other forms of multi-channel hydrogen circulation systems formed by combining and transforming the above different modes.
Further, the plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels formed by the plurality of parallel hydrogen circulation ejectors can be realized by a plurality of parallel single-nozzle ejectors or one or more nested multi-nozzle ejectors.
The application also provides a controller of the optimization method based on the hydrogen decompression cycle regulation and control system,
the controller is used for regulating and controlling each element in the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system according to the output power requirement of the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system;
the controller integrates the optimization method of the fuel cell hydrogen decompression cycle regulation and control system in the claim 1.
The application also provides a hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system based on the controller, which comprises hydrogen supply equipment, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a plurality of hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structures arranged in parallel and the controller; the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is an integrated or separated structure; the front end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with hydrogen supply equipment, and the rear end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is communicated with a hydrogen fuel cell stack; the hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure comprises a parallel hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure; each controllable unit of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with a controller; the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure comprises a hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel and a pressure/flow adjusting device arranged at the front end of the hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel. .
Optionally, the nested multi-nozzle ejector structurally comprises a constant-section mixing chamber and an expansion chamber which are sequentially communicated with each other;
a main flow channel is arranged in the entrainment chamber; a secondary flow passage is sleeved in the main flow passage; the main flow passage is communicated with an external nozzle; the secondary flow passage is communicated with the internal nozzle;
and a fluid suction inlet is arranged on one side of the entrainment chamber and is used for sucking fluid into the entrainment chamber.
Optionally, the single nozzle eductor structure includes an entrainment chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, wherein the entrainment chamber contains a venturi nozzle, and the eductor includes a primary fluid inlet, a secondary fluid inlet, and an eductor outlet.
Further, the hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel is an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump or a hydrogen direct passage.
The application also provides a channel switching regulation and control method based on the hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system, which comprises the following steps: establishing a dynamic system model by using gas pressure dynamic change data during hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel switching in the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system and finding out an optimal system response control parameter; according to the optimized system control parameters, PWM signals of the pressure/flow regulating device are regulated to control different pulse frequencies and opening and closing durations, and the stability of the system pressure is realized by matching with different duty ratio openings; and controlling the pressure stability at the inlet of the anode under the dynamic working condition of the fuel cell stack by updating and optimizing software in the controller.
The application also provides a fuel cell system, which comprises the hydrogen decompression circulation regulation and control system of the controller.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a dynamic system model by using gas pressure dynamic change data during injector switching in a multi-injector hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system and finding out optimal system response control parameters; according to the optimized system control parameters, PWM signals of the pressure/flow regulating device are regulated to control different pulse frequencies and opening and closing durations, and the stability of the system pressure is realized by matching with different duty ratio openings; the optimized dynamic control method can control the pressure stability of the anode inlet under the dynamic working condition of the fuel cell stack through the updating and optimization of software in the controller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply pressure reduction cycle system for a hydrogen fuel cell having multiple ejectors and straight-through passages according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure dynamic response of the system for switching the large ejector to the small ejector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pressure dynamic response of the present invention for switching from a small ejector to a large ejector system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pressure fluctuation at the switching anode inlet of the multi-eductor of the hydrogen circulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pressure fluctuation at the switching anode inlet of the multiple eductor of the hydrogen circulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the change in system pressure when the nested eductor internally switches to external injection in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the nested multi-nozzle ejector of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a single eductor configuration in a multi-pass hydrogen depressurization cycle system in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a plurality of hydrogen depressurization gas supply and circulation passages consisting of a plurality of hydrogen circulation ejectors connected in parallel, to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 10 is a plurality of hydrogen depressurization gas supply and circulation passages consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and a hydrogen straight passage, to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 11 is a plurality of hydrogen depressurization gas supply and circulation passages consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and hydrogen circulation pumps, suitable for use in the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a plurality of hydrogen depressurized gas supply and circulation passages consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation pumps and a hydrogen straight passage to which the present invention is applicable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
According to one aspect of the application, an optimization method of a hydrogen pressure reduction cycle regulation and control system is provided, the optimization system is applied to a controller in the hydrogen pressure reduction cycle regulation and control system of a fuel cell, and the method is used for controlling stability of system outlet pressure during switching of hydrogen among different gas channels and comprises the following steps:
supply of gas according to a plurality of hydrogen gas decompressionAnd the hydrogen decompression gas supply and the change data of the inlet pressure of the circulation channel during the switching of the circulation channel establish a system pressure second-order dynamic response model; the system pressure second order dynamic response model may be expressed as:
wherein m, c and k respectively represent the mass, the vibration coefficient and the elastic coefficient of the dynamic system;
according to the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel conversion test data of the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel system, identifying parameters m, c and k of a pressure second-order dynamic response model through a fitting algorithm; obtaining amplitude zeta and system frequency omega of system pressure responsenThe gain is increased, so that the accurate simulation of the dynamic pressure response characteristic of the multi-hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel system is realized; the transfer function may be expressed as:
and according to the parameters m, c and k of the pressure second-order dynamic response model, PWM signals of a pressure/flow regulating device in the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulating and controlling system are regulated to control different pulse frequencies and the opening and closing time lengths of a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels, and the stability of the pressure of the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulating and controlling system is realized by matching with different duty ratio openings.
Optionally, the hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel is an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump and a hydrogen direct passage.
Optionally, the multiple hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels in the hydrogen pressure-reducing circulation regulating and controlling system are:
as shown in fig. 9, a plurality of hydrogen depressurized gas supply and circulation passages consisting of a plurality of parallel hydrogen circulation ejectors;
as shown in fig. 10, a plurality of hydrogen depressurizing supply and circulation passages consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation injectors and a hydrogen straight passage;
as shown in fig. 11, a plurality of hydrogen depressurized gas supply and circulation passages consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and a hydrogen circulation pump;
as shown in fig. 12, a plurality of hydrogen depressurized gas supply and circulation passages composed of one or more hydrogen circulation pumps and a hydrogen straight passage;
or other forms of multi-channel hydrogen circulation systems formed by combining and transforming the above different modes; that is to say, the optimization method of the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system is suitable for the multi-channel hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system in different combinations.
Further, a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels formed by the plurality of parallel hydrogen circulation ejectors can be realized by a plurality of parallel single-nozzle ejectors or a nested multi-nozzle ejector, and preferably, the nested multi-nozzle ejector is adopted.
The size of the hydrogen circulation ejector can be fixed or variable, and the size of the ejectors with different channels connected in parallel can be the same or different. The front ends of a plurality of parallel channels are respectively provided with a pressure/flow control device for regulating the inlet pressure and the flow of different air channels.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a controller for an optimization method based on the above hydrogen depressurization cycle regulation and control system,
the controller is used for regulating and controlling each element in the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulating and controlling system of the fuel cell according to the output power requirement of the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulating and controlling system of the fuel cell;
the controller is integrated with the optimization method of the hydrogen decompression cycle regulation and control system of the fuel cell. Namely, the controller contains a second-order dynamic response model of pressure when a hydrogen gas supply channel is switched, and the model is obtained through computational fluid dynamics model simulation and experiments. The model is used for generating an optimal control strategy for switching the hydrogen supply channel so as to reduce pressure change; when the controller is used, different ejectors or air supply channels are automatically switched according to the output power change of the fuel cell, and an optimized control strategy during ejector/channel switching is used; the control strategy for switching the optimal hydrogen gas supply channel is determined by the opening and closing time and the speed of the coordinated ejector or the gas supply channel. The controller determines the start or stop of the parts of the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system according to a built-in control strategy and the current working condition of the fuel cell; according to the control strategy, PWM signals of the pressure/flow regulating devices can independently complete opening and closing time lengths with different pulse frequencies, and the opening and closing time and speed of the air supply channel participating in switching are regulated by matching with different duty ratio openings to realize the stability of the outlet pressure of the system.
The invention also provides a hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system based on the controller, which comprises hydrogen supply equipment, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a plurality of hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structures arranged in parallel and a controller;
the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is an integrated or separated structure;
the front end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with hydrogen supply equipment, and the rear end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is communicated with a hydrogen fuel cell stack;
the hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure comprises a hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure which is parallel;
each controllable unit of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with a controller;
the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure comprises a hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel and a pressure/flow adjusting device arranged at the front end of the hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel. .
Specifically, a hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system with two ejectors connected in parallel is taken as an example (namely shown in fig. 1). The optimization method of the hydrogen decompression circulation control system is explained, and is used for guaranteeing the hydrogen pressure stability and the requirement of quick response of gas supply under the switching working condition of the ejector, and the method adopts the following steps:
the method is characterized in that digital modeling, simulation and experimental verification are carried out on pressure dynamic change in the switching process of the ejector of the hydrogen decompression ejection circulation system, and optimization control is carried out on the basis. Establishing a system pressure second-order dynamic response model according to the change of the inlet pressure of the ejector when the ejectors are switched:
where m, c, k represent the mass, vibration coefficient and elastic coefficient of the dynamic system, respectively.
And identifying parameters m, c and k of the pressure dynamic change model through a fitting algorithm according to ejector conversion test data of the multi-ejector actual system. Obtaining amplitude zeta and system frequency omega of system pressure responsenAnd gain, and accurate simulation of the pressure dynamic response characteristic of the multi-ejector system is realized. The transfer function of the system can be expressed as
And (3) building a system dynamic simulation model in a system dynamic simulation software MATLAB/Simulink environment, and performing optimized control on the system pressure second-order dynamic model by adopting an advanced control method. Specifically, a method of feedforward control and PID feedback control is used, when the ejector condition is switched according to the power change requirement of the fuel cell, the quick response of the inlet pressure of the ejector of the system from a current value to a target value is achieved, and the influence on the pressure fluctuation of the anode inlet is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the large ejector a in the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system shown in fig. 1 is switched to the small ejector B, the inlet pressure of the ejector is increased from 3.5bara to 10bara, and the pressure response time is 33% of the original time through optimized control.
As shown in figure 3, the small ejector B of the hydrogen pressure reduction cycle control system shown in figure 1 is switched to the large ejector A, the inlet pressure of the ejector is reduced from 10bara to 3.5bara, and the pressure response time is reduced to 18% of the original time through optimized control.
The hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system adopts a plurality of flow pressure regulating devices which correspond one to control the inlet pressure and flow change of each hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel. The dynamic response delay of the inlet pressure of the multi-ejector system of the hydrogen circulation system and the pressure change of the outlet are improved by accurately controlling the on-off time of different hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels when the output power of the fuel cell is increased or reduced. The control strategy of the pressure and flow regulating device when a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels are mutually switched is adjusted by an optimization method, so that the quick response of the system to pressure control is realized.
Furthermore, the integrated structure comprises a hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel and a pressure/flow regulating device arranged at the front end of the hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel, wherein the pressure/flow regulating device arranged in front of each hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channel has better control on pressure fluctuation of the anode inlet of the fuel cell than the common pressure/flow regulating device. Or the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system in fig. 1 is taken as an example, and fig. 4 and 5 show that the double-ejector hydrogen circulation system adopts a single pressure flow regulating device and two pressure flow regulating devices, and the pressure fluctuation of the anode inlet of the fuel cell is compared. When the large ejector A is switched to the small ejector B, the pressure fluctuation of the system with the two regulating devices is within 15kPa, which is lower than 45kPa of the single regulating device. Whereas with a small switch to a large eductor, the system pressure fluctuation with the two regulators is within 42kPa, less than 100kPa for the single regulator.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the ejector is a coaxial nested multi-nozzle ejector; this structure shares the mixing chamber expansion chamber by integrating a plurality of nozzles. The design reduces the volume of the parallel multi-ejector, and the structure comprises a rolling suction chamber 8, a mixing chamber 9 with a fixed section and an expansion chamber 10 which are sequentially communicated;
a main flow channel 5 is arranged in the rolling and sucking chamber 8; a secondary flow passage 6 is sleeved in the main flow passage 5; the main flow channel is communicated with an external nozzle 1-1; the secondary flow passage 6 is communicated with the internal nozzle 1-2; the main flow passage 5 is used as an independent flow passage and communicated with the external nozzle 1-1 to provide main fluid for the external nozzle 1-1; the secondary flow passage 6 is communicated with the internal nozzle as an independent flow passage to provide a main fluid for the internal nozzle 1-2; a fluid suction port is provided at one side of the entrainment chamber 8 to suck fluid into the entrainment chamber 8. The ejector adopting the nested multi-nozzle structure can meet the requirement of the hydrogen excess coefficient of the fuel cell in a wider power range of the fuel cell.
The ejector control method adopting the nested multi-nozzle structure adopts a multi-nozzle optimization method of peak staggering and time delay in the dynamic process of closing the inner nozzles 1-2 and opening the outer nozzles 1-1, can effectively reduce the change of hydrogen volume and flow, and achieves more stable system outlet pressure.
Wherein the aperture of the outer nozzle 1-1 is different from the aperture of the inner nozzle 1-2, and the aperture of the outer nozzle 1-1 is larger than the aperture of the inner nozzle 1-2.
Further, the outer nozzle 1-1 and the inner nozzle 1-2 share the entrainment chamber 8, the constant cross-section mixing chamber 9 and the expansion chamber 10 and are located on the same central axis.
Further, the nested multi-nozzle ejector supplies hydrogen gas by using different flow passages and nozzles under different fuel cell powers;
when the fuel cell operating power is greater than the critical power, supplying high-pressure hydrogen gas to the outer nozzle 1-1 using the primary flow passage 5;
when the fuel cell operating power is less than the critical power, the secondary flow passage 6 is used to supply high-pressure hydrogen to the internal nozzle 1-2.
Furthermore, for any power fuel cell, the cascade expansion of the power range is realized through the multi-ejector design of the nested multi-nozzle structure.
By adopting the coaxial nested multi-nozzle ejector, when the required power (the mass flow of hydrogen at the inlet of the ejector) of the fuel cell changes, the inlet pressure of the ejector changes along with the change of the diameter of the nozzle, but because other internal chambers are shared, the pressure fluctuation of the anode inlet of the fuel cell can be ignored in the switching process (as shown in figure 6) after the dynamic control of the pressure flow adjusting device is optimized, and the constant pressure fluctuation is kept at 1.8bara. The control method and the actual pressure fluctuation effect in the switching process of the nested double-nozzle ejector are shown in fig. 6.
Although the nested multi-nozzle ejector is also of a multi-ejector structure, the two nozzles share the mixing chamber and the expansion chamber, so that outlet pressure fluctuation caused by the change of fluid volumes of different ejectors and switching is reduced. Using the foregoing optimization method, pressure variations of the fuel cell anode hydrogen fuel gas can be more effectively eliminated.
As shown in fig. 8, the single nozzle eductor structure of the present application includes a entrainment chamber containing a venturi nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and the eductor includes a primary fluid inlet, a secondary fluid inlet, and an eductor outlet. The optimization control method is similar to the control method of the ejector adopting the nested multi-nozzle structure, and is not described again.
The application also provides a channel switching regulation and control method, which is used based on the hydrogen decompression circulation regulation and control system. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a dynamic system model by using gas pressure dynamic change data during injector switching in the multi-injector hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system and finding out optimal system response control parameters; according to the optimized system control parameters, PWM signals of the pressure/flow regulating device are regulated to control different pulse frequencies and opening and closing durations, and the stability of the system pressure is realized by matching with different duty ratio openings; the optimized dynamic control method can control the pressure stability of the anode inlet under the dynamic working condition of the fuel cell stack through the updating and optimization of software in the controller.
The application also provides a fuel cell system, which comprises the hydrogen decompression circulation regulation and control system of the controller.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (11)
1. The optimization method of the hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation regulation and control system is characterized in that the optimization system is applied to a controller in the fuel cell hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation regulation and control system and is used for controlling the stability of the system outlet pressure in the switching process of hydrogen among different gas passages; the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a system pressure second-order dynamic response model according to the change data of the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and the inlet pressure of the circulation channel when the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and the circulation channel are switched; the system pressure second order dynamic response model may be expressed as:
wherein m, c and k respectively represent the mass, the vibration coefficient and the elastic coefficient of the dynamic system;
according to the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel conversion test data of the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel system, identifying parameters m, c and k of a pressure second-order dynamic response model through a fitting algorithm; obtaining the amplitude zeta and the system frequency omega of the system pressure responsenThe gain is increased, and the accurate simulation of the pressure dynamic response characteristic of the multi-hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel system is realized; the transfer function may be expressed as:
and adjusting the PWM signal of a pressure/flow adjusting device in the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction regulation system according to the parameters m, c and k of the pressure second-order dynamic response model to control different pulse frequencies and the opening and closing time lengths of a plurality of hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channels, and realizing the pressure stability of the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction regulation system by matching with different duty ratio openings.
2. The optimization method of the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation regulation and control system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channel is an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump and a hydrogen direct passage.
3. The method for optimizing a hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation control system according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation passages in the hydrogen reduced pressure control system are:
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of a plurality of hydrogen circulation ejectors connected in parallel;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and a hydrogen straight channel;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation ejectors and hydrogen circulation pumps;
a plurality of hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation channels consisting of one or more hydrogen circulation pumps and a hydrogen straight channel;
or other forms of multi-channel hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation systems formed by combining and transforming the above different modes.
4. The optimization method for the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation regulation system according to claim 3, wherein the multiple hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation channels formed by the multiple parallel-connected hydrogen circulation ejectors can be realized by multiple parallel-connected single-nozzle ejectors or one or more nested multi-nozzle ejectors.
5. A controller for the optimization method of hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation control system according to claim 4,
the controller is used for regulating and controlling each element in the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction regulation and control system according to the output power requirement of the fuel cell hydrogen pressure reduction circulation regulation and control system;
the controller integrates the optimization method of the fuel cell hydrogen decompression cycle regulation and control system in the claim 1.
6. A hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation regulation and control system based on the controller of claim 5 is characterized by comprising hydrogen supply equipment and a hydrogen fuel cell stack, and is characterized by comprising a plurality of hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structures and a controller which are arranged in parallel;
the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is an integrated or separated structure;
the front end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with hydrogen supply equipment, and the rear end of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is communicated with a hydrogen fuel cell stack;
the hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure comprises a hydrogen supply and hydrogen gas circulation structure which is parallel;
each controllable unit of the hydrogen supply and hydrogen circulation structure is connected with a controller;
the hydrogen supply and circulation structure comprises a hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel and a pressure/flow regulating device arranged at the front end of the hydrogen decompression gas supply and circulation channel.
7. The system for hydrogen pressure-reducing gas supply and circulation regulation and control of a controller according to claim 6, characterized in that the nested multi-nozzle ejector structure comprises an entrainment chamber (8), a mixing chamber (9) with a fixed section and an expansion chamber (10) which are communicated in sequence;
a main runner (5) is arranged in the rolling and sucking chamber (8); a secondary flow passage (6) is sleeved in the main flow passage (5); the main flow channel is communicated with an external nozzle (1-1); the secondary flow channel (6) is communicated with the internal nozzle (1-2);
a fluid suction inlet is arranged on one side of the rolling and sucking chamber (8) and sucks fluid into the rolling and sucking chamber (8).
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the single jet eductor structure comprises an entrainment chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, wherein the entrainment chamber contains a venturi jet, and wherein the eductor comprises a primary fluid inlet, a secondary fluid inlet, and an eductor outlet.
9. The system for hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation regulation of the controller according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation passage is an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump or a hydrogen straight passage.
10. A channel switching regulation method based on the hydrogen reduced pressure gas supply and circulation regulation system according to claim 9, characterized by comprising:
establishing a dynamic system model by using gas pressure dynamic change data during hydrogen pressure reduction gas supply and circulation channel switching in the hydrogen pressure reduction circulation system and finding out an optimal system response control parameter;
according to the optimized system control parameters, PWM signals of the pressure/flow regulating device are regulated to control different pulse frequencies and opening and closing durations, and the stability of the system pressure is realized by matching with different duty ratio openings;
and controlling the pressure stability at the inlet of the anode under the dynamic working condition of the fuel cell stack by updating and optimizing software in the controller.
11. A fuel cell system, comprising the hydrogen reduced-pressure gas supply and circulation regulation system of the controller of 9.
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