CN115266887B - Automatic measuring instrument for soil oxidation-reduction potential - Google Patents
Automatic measuring instrument for soil oxidation-reduction potential Download PDFInfo
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- CN115266887B CN115266887B CN202210842220.3A CN202210842220A CN115266887B CN 115266887 B CN115266887 B CN 115266887B CN 202210842220 A CN202210842220 A CN 202210842220A CN 115266887 B CN115266887 B CN 115266887B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4166—Systems measuring a particular property of an electrolyte
- G01N27/4168—Oxidation-reduction potential, e.g. for chlorination of water
Abstract
The application discloses an automatic measuring instrument for soil oxidation-reduction potential, which comprises a single-chip microcomputer module, a communication module, a display module, a USB interface module, a detection module, a battery voltage monitoring module and a power supply module, wherein the communication module, the display module, the USB interface module, the voltage monitoring module and the detection module are connected with the single-chip microcomputer module, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to each module. Has the following advantages: the detection speed is high, the measurement accuracy is high, the calculation capability is high, the data processing speed is high, and the anti-interference capability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an automatic measuring instrument for soil oxidation-reduction potential, belonging to the technical field of automatic measurement and test.
Background
The soil redox potential is an index reflecting redox conditions in terms of potential, and is an equilibrium potential established on redox electrodes by oxidants and reductants in the soil. It is an important indicator reflecting the degree of oxidation or reduction of soil. The variation range of the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil is wide, and can be from-200 to 300 mV of the strength reduction condition to +700 mV of the oxidation condition. The change of the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil can reflect the severe change of a plurality of substances, especially valence-changing elements (oxygen, iron, manganese, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and the like) and the influence on various aspects of plant growth. The oxidation-reduction potential is expressed by Eh value. E represents the electrode potential at which the redox species reach equilibrium on the platinum electrode (the commonly used redox electrode), and h represents the potential value relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (the electrode potential of which is set to zero). Soil Eh values can be graded from high to low, reflecting different redox conditions, indicating the transformation morphology of the material and the relationship with plant growth under the conditions.
The soil redox potential measuring instrument is used for measuring the soil redox potential, and the existing soil redox potential measuring instrument has the following defects:
1. the data can be stabilized only by being inserted into the soil for measurement, and the detection speed is low;
2. the measurement accuracy is low;
3. the anti-interference capability is poor;
4. the reaction speed is slow, and the data processing speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the application provides an automatic measuring instrument for the oxidation-reduction potential of soil, which has the advantages of high detection speed, high measurement precision, high calculation capability, high data processing speed and high anti-interference capability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an automatic measuring instrument of soil oxidation-reduction potential, includes singlechip module, communication module, display module, USB interface module, detection module, battery voltage monitoring module and power module, and communication module, display module, USB interface module, voltage monitoring module and detection module connect the singlechip module, and power module is used for supplying power for each module.
Further, the singlechip module includes chip U12, the model of chip U12 is STM32F103RCT6, the 42 foot of chip U12 is connected with interface P2's 2 foot, the 43 foot of chip U12 is connected with interface P2's 3 foot, interface P2's 1 foot is connected +3.3V, the 46 foot of chip U12 is connected with interface P3's 2 foot, the 49 foot of chip U12 is connected with interface P3's 3 foot, interface P3's 1 foot is connected +3.3V, the singlechip module is the core of automatic measuring instrument for control each module operation.
Further, the detection module comprises a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is CA3140, a3 pin of the chip U2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C2 and a platinum electrode, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, a4 pin of the chip U2 is connected with a-5V power supply, a7 pin of the chip U2 is connected with +5V, 2 pins and 6 pins of the chip U2 are connected with one end of a resistor R5, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a3 pin of an amplifier U3A, the 2 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 1 pin of the amplifier U3A, and the 4 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with a-5V power supply; the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the 5 pin of the amplifier U3B, the 6 pin of the amplifier U3B is connected with one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the 7 pin of the amplifier U3B; the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with the 2 pin of the amplifier U5A and one end of the resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the 1 pin of the amplifier U5A, the 3 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, the 4 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a-5V power supply, and the 8 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a +5V power supply.
Further, the detection module further comprises a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is CD4052D, a pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 45 of the chip U12, a pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 44 of the chip U12, a pin 12 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U3A, a pin 14 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 7 of the amplifier U3B, and a pin 15 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U5A;
the detection module further comprises a chip U4, the model of the chip U4 is MCP3421, a 1 pin of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, one end of a diode D2 and one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the diode D2 are grounded, the other end of the diode D1 is connected with +5V, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with 13 pins of the chip U1, 5 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and are connected with +3V, 3 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R60 and one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R60 is connected with +3V power, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with 58 pins of the chip U1, the 4 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R61 and one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R61 is connected with +3V power, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with 59 pins of the chip U1.
Further, the power module includes a chip IC1, the type of the chip IC1 is TP4056, pins 4 and 8 of the chip IC1 are connected with a resistor R27 end, a resistor R28 end, a capacitor C15 end and a capacitor C16 end, the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R28 are connected with a VBUS power supply, the other end of the capacitor C15 and the other end of the capacitor C16 are grounded, pin 5 of the chip IC1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C13 and one end of the capacitor C14 and is grounded, and is connected with a battery BAT, pin 2 of the chip IC1 is connected with one end of the resistor R29, the other end of the resistor R29 is grounded, pin 6 of the chip IC1 is connected with pin 22 of the chip U12, and pin 7 of the chip IC1 is connected with pin 21 of the chip U12.
Further, the power supply module further comprises a chip U11, the model of the chip U11 is ME6211C33, the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the chip U11 are connected with one end of a capacitor C22 and are connected with a VBAT power supply in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C22 is grounded, the 4 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C26, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, the 5 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C23 and one end of a diode D10 and is connected with a +3.3V power supply in parallel, and the other end of the capacitor C23 and the other end of the diode D10 are grounded;
the power supply module further comprises a chip U9, the model of the chip U9 is CE7660, a capacitor C17 is arranged between the 2 pins and the 4 pins of the chip U9, the 5 pin of the chip U9 is connected with one end of a diode D4, the other end of the diode D4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C18 and one end of a capacitor C19, a-5V power supply is connected in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C18 and the other end of the capacitor C19 are grounded, and the 8 pin of the chip U9 is connected with a +5V power supply;
the power module further comprises a chip IC2, the type of the chip IC2 is SX1308, the 4 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of a resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 and the 5 pin of the chip IC2 are connected with a VBAT power supply, the 1 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and one end of a diode D9, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C27 and one end of a capacitor C28, the other end of the capacitor C27 and the other end of the capacitor C28 are grounded, the other end of the diode D9 is connected with one end of a capacitor E1, one end of a capacitor C25, one end of a resistor R42, one end of a diode D11 and one end of a resistor R7, and +5V are connected in parallel, the other end of the capacitor E1 and the other end of the capacitor C25 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R42 is connected with the 3 pin of the chip IC2, one end of a resistor R45, the other end of the capacitor C24 and one end of a diode D12, the other end of the resistor R45 and the other end of the diode D12 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a diode D7 and the other end of the diode D11 is grounded.
Further, the battery voltage monitoring module comprises a triode Q3, wherein a collector of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a diode D6, a pin 1 of a MOS tube Q1 and one end of a resistor R31, the other end of the resistor R312 and the other end of the MOS tube Q1 are connected with a VSWQ power supply, a pin 3 of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with a VBAT power supply, a base of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R37 and one end of a resistor R36, the other end of the resistor R37 and an emitter of the triode Q3 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R36 is connected with a pin 1 of an amplifier U10A, the pin 8 of the amplifier U10A is connected with the VBAT power supply, the pin 4 of the amplifier U10A is grounded, the pin 3 of the amplifier U10A is connected with one end 24 of a chip U12 and one end of a resistor R40, the other end of the resistor R40 is connected with +3.3V, the other end of the diode D6 is connected with one end of a diode D5, one end of a resistor R30, one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a button SW1 are connected with one end, the other end of the diode D5 is connected with a pin 25 of a chip U12, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with the other end of the resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R30 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with the other end of the resistor C33, the resistor C2 is connected with the resistor C2, the other end of the resistor C2 is connected with the resistor C2, and the other end of the resistor C2 is connected with the other end of the resistor 20, and the resistor C is connected with the other end of the resistor 20;
the battery voltage monitoring module further comprises an amplifier U10B, the 5 pin of the amplifier U10B is connected with one end of a capacitor C21, one end of a resistor R39 and one end of a resistor R35, the other end of the capacitor C21 and the other end of the resistor R39 are grounded, and the 6 pin and the 7 pin of the amplifier U10B are connected with the 16 pin of the chip U12.
Further, the communication module includes chip U13, the model of chip U13 is SP3485, chip U13's 1 foot is connected with chip U12's 52 feet, chip U13's 2 feet and 3 feet are connected with chip U12's 50 feet, chip U13's 4 feet are connected with chip U12's 51 feet, chip U13's 6 feet are connected with resistance R59 one end, resistance R58 one end and resistance R57 one end, resistance R59 other end termination +3.3V power, the resistance R58 other end is connected with TVS tube D17 one end and interface P4's 2 feet, chip U13's 7 feet are connected with resistance R55 one end, resistance R56 one end and resistance R57 other end, resistance R55 other end ground connection, resistance R56 other end is connected with TVS tube D16 one end and interface P4's 3 feet, interface P4 is used for external PH sensor.
Further, the display module includes interface J1, interface J1 is used for external display screen, interface J1 ' S1-5 foot is connected with electric capacity C29 one end and electric capacity E2 one end, and the lcd_pwr power is connected in parallel, electric capacity C29 other end and electric capacity E2 other end ground connection, interface J1 ' S20 foot is connected with resistance R47 one end and MOS pipe Q7 ' S D foot, resistance R47 other end is connected with resistance R50 one end and interface J1 ' S21 foot, resistance R50 other end ground connection, MOS pipe Q7 ' S G foot is connected with triode Q8 ' S collecting electrode and resistance R48 one end, triode Q8 ' S base is connected with resistance R51 one end and resistance R52 one end, resistance R52 other end and triode Q8 ' S projecting pole ground connection, resistance R51 other end is connected with chip U12 ' S8 foot, MOS pipe Q7 ' S S foot is connected with resistance R48 other end and USB interface module, interface J1 ' S30 foot is connected with chip U12 ' S30 foot, interface J1 ' S31 foot is connected with chip U12 foot.
Further, USB interface module includes chip type-c1, chip type-c1 ' S A4 foot, A9 foot, B4 foot and B9 foot are connected with MOS pipe Q7 ' S S foot, chip type-c1 ' S A6 foot is connected with interface J1 ' S24 feet, chip type-c1 ' S A7 foot is connected with interface J1 ' S23 feet, chip type-c1 ' S A9 foot is connected with TVS pipe D15 one end, TVS pipe D15 other end ground connection, chip type-c1 ' S B6 foot is connected with TVS pipe D13 one end, chip type-c1 ' S B7 foot is connected with TVS pipe D14 one end, TVS pipe D13 other end and TVS pipe D14 other end ground connection.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
1. in the prior art, the data can be stabilized only by inserting the electrode into the soil for about 30 minutes during the measurement of the instrument, and the soil oxidation-reduction potentiometer can be stabilized only by 10-15 minutes, so that the detection speed is high.
2. The ORP measurement resolution is 0.1mV, the PH precision is 0.1, the temperature precision is 0.1 ℃, and the measurement precision is high.
3. The lithium battery with large capacity is built in, and the battery can continuously work for more than 10 hours after being in ultra-long endurance.
4. The intelligent An Zhuobing is adopted for display, the reaction speed is high, the interface is humanized, the computing capacity is high, the data processing speed is high, the cloud platform can be connected, the real-time uploading is realized, and the GPS positioning function is provided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single-chip module according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a communication module according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a display module according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a USB interface module according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a detection module according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery voltage monitoring module according to the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power module according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, an automatic measuring instrument of soil oxidation-reduction potential, including singlechip module, communication module, display module, USB interface module, detection module, battery voltage monitoring module and power module, communication module, display module, USB interface module, voltage monitoring module and detection module connect the singlechip module, and power module is used for supplying power for each module.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-chip microcomputer module includes a chip U12, the model of the chip U12 is STM32F103RCT6, the 42 pin of the chip U12 is connected with the 2 pin of the interface P2, the 43 pin of the chip U12 is connected with the 3 pin of the interface P2, the 1 pin of the interface P2 is connected with +3.3v, the 46 pin of the chip U12 is connected with the 2 pin of the interface P3, the 49 pin of the chip U12 is connected with the 3 pin of the interface P3, the 1 pin of the interface P3 is connected with +3.3v, and the single-chip microcomputer module is a core of the automatic measuring instrument and is used for controlling the operation of each module.
As shown in FIG. 5, the detection module comprises a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is CA3140, a3 pin of the chip U2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C2 and a platinum electrode, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, a4 pin of the chip U2 is connected with a-5V power supply, a7 pin of the chip U2 is connected with +5V, 2 pins and 6 pins of the chip U2 are connected with one end of a resistor R5, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a3 pin of an amplifier U3A, 2 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 1 pin of the amplifier U3A, and the 4 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with a-5V power supply; the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the 5 pin of the amplifier U3B, the 6 pin of the amplifier U3B is connected with one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the 7 pin of the amplifier U3B; the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with the 2 pin of the amplifier U5A and one end of the resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the 1 pin of the amplifier U5A, the 3 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, the 4 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a-5V power supply, and the 8 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a +5V power supply.
The detection module further comprises a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is CD4052D, a pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 45 of the chip U12, a pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 44 of the chip U12, a pin 12 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U3A, a pin 14 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 7 of the amplifier U3B, and a pin 15 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U5A.
The detection module further comprises a chip U4, the model of the chip U4 is MCP3421, a 1 pin of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, one end of a diode D2 and one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the diode D2 are grounded, the other end of the diode D1 is connected with +5V, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with 13 pins of the chip U1, 5 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and are connected with +3V, 3 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R60 and one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R60 is connected with +3V power, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with 58 pins of the chip U1, the 4 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R61 and one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R61 is connected with +3V power, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with 59 pins of the chip U1.
Because the soil oxidation-reduction potential value is extremely small and is extremely easy to be interfered by the outside, the CA3140 operational amplifier is selected to design a voltage follower circuit, and a MOSFET (PMOS) with grid protection is added in an input circuit, so that the high input impedance, the extremely low input current and the high-speed performance are provided.
The amplifier U3A performs forward 2 times amplification on the detection signal, the amplifier U3B performs forward 9.3 times amplification on the detection signal, and forward amplification circuits with different amplification factors are adopted, so that the measurement precision and the measurement range are improved.
When the soil has oxidizing property, the potential value is positive, and when the soil has reducing property, the potential value is negative, so that the reverse amplifying circuit adopting the amplifier U5A is designed, is a 2-time reverse amplifying circuit, is connected with the resistor in series at the same-direction input end of the operational amplifier, and is used for balancing the voltage mismatch value of the operational amplifier input end caused by bias current.
In order to facilitate signal acquisition, signal output ends with different amplification factors are integrated into 1 output through the analog switch chip U2, and the analog switch chip U2 is controlled by the singlechip to switch the different amplification factors.
The analog-to-digital conversion chip U4 is adopted to convert the analog quantity signal into the digital quantity signal, and the digital-to-analog conversion chip has the advantages of high precision, high transmission speed, strong anti-interference capability and the like.
As shown in fig. 7, the power module includes a chip IC1, the type of the chip IC1 is TP4056, pins 4 and 8 of the chip IC1 are connected to one end of a resistor R27, one end of a resistor R28, one end of a capacitor C15, and one end of a capacitor C16, the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R28 are connected to VBUS power, the other ends of the capacitor C15 and the capacitor C16 are grounded, pin 5 of the chip IC1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C13 and one end of a capacitor C14, and is connected to a battery BAT, pin 2 of the chip IC1 is connected to one end of a resistor R29, pin 6 of the chip IC1 is connected to pin 22 of the chip U12, and pin 7 of the chip IC1 is connected to pin 21 of the chip U12.
The charging circuit of the lithium battery is designed by adopting TP4056, the maximum charging current is designed through a resistor R29, and the charging state is monitored in real time by a singlechip chip U12, and the charging is in progress or full.
The power module further comprises a chip U11, the type of the chip U11 is ME6211C33, the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the chip U11 are connected with one end of a capacitor C22 and are connected with a VBAT power supply in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C22 is grounded, the 4 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C26, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, the 5 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C23 and one end of a diode D10 and is connected with a +3.3V power supply in parallel, and the other end of the capacitor C23 and the other end of the diode D10 are grounded.
This section is used to output +3.3V power for providing +3.3V power to the various modules of the system.
The power module further comprises a chip U9, the model of the chip U9 is CE7660, a capacitor C17 is arranged between the 2 pins and the 4 pins of the chip U9, the 5 pin of the chip U9 is connected with one end of a diode D4, the other end of the diode D4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C18 and one end of a capacitor C19, a-5V power supply is connected in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C18 and the other end of the capacitor C19 are grounded, and the 8 pin of the chip U9 is connected with a +5V power supply.
The power module further comprises a chip IC2, the type of the chip IC2 is SX1308, the 4 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of a resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 and the 5 pin of the chip IC2 are connected with a VBAT power supply, the 1 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and one end of a diode D9, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C27 and one end of a capacitor C28, the other end of the capacitor C27 and the other end of the capacitor C28 are grounded, the other end of the diode D9 is connected with one end of a capacitor E1, one end of a capacitor C25, one end of a resistor R42, one end of a diode D11 and one end of a resistor R7, and +5V are connected in parallel, the other end of the capacitor E1 and the other end of the capacitor C25 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R42 is connected with the 3 pin of the chip IC2, one end of a resistor R45, the other end of the capacitor C24 and one end of a diode D12, the other end of the resistor R45 and the other end of the diode D12 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a diode D7 and the other end of the diode D11 is grounded.
The chip U9 is used for providing negative-pressure power supply of-5V, the chip IC2 is used for providing +5V power supply, the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil is negative, the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier is +/-5V, so that the operational amplifier needs to have negative values of the original positive and negative power supply potentials during measurement, and the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier is +/-5V, and therefore, the operational amplifier needs to have positive and negative power supply during measurement.
As shown in fig. 6, the battery voltage monitoring module includes a triode Q3, the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a diode D6, the 1 pin of a MOS transistor Q1 and one end of a resistor R31, the other end of the resistor R312 and the 2 pin of the MOS transistor Q1 are connected with a VSWQ power supply, the 3 pin of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected with a VBAT power supply, the base of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R37 and one end of a resistor R36, the other end of the resistor R37 and the emitter of the triode Q3 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R36 is connected with the 1 pin of an amplifier U10A, the 8 pin of the amplifier U10A is connected with a VBAT power supply, the 4 pin of the amplifier U10A is grounded, the 3 pin of the amplifier U10A is connected with the 24 pin of a chip U12 and one end of a resistor R40, the other end of the resistor R40 is connected with +3.3v, the other end of the diode D6 is connected with one end of a diode D5, one end of a resistor R30, one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a button SW1, the other end of the diode D5 is connected with the other end of a pin 25 pin of the chip U12, the other end of a resistor R30 is connected with another end of a button vsq power supply, the other end of a button SW1 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with the resistor R33, the other end of the resistor is connected with the other end of the resistor 2 is connected with the resistor 2 and the resistor 2, and the other end is connected with the other end of the resistor 2 is connected with the resistor 20, and end is connected with the resistor 20.
The battery voltage monitoring module further comprises an amplifier U10B, the 5 pin of the amplifier U10B is connected with one end of a capacitor C21, one end of a resistor R39 and one end of a resistor R35, the other end of the capacitor C21 and the other end of the resistor R39 are grounded, and the 6 pin and the 7 pin of the amplifier U10B are connected with the 16 pin of the chip U12.
In the shutdown state, when the on-off key is pressed, the grid voltage of the MOS tube Q1 is pulled down, and the subsequent power supply circuit starts to work. At this time, the forward voltage of the amplifier U10A is 3.3V, the reverse voltage is 0V, the output end is 3.3V, the triode Q3 is conducted, the on-off key is released, and the state is kept.
In the starting state, the on-off key is pressed for a long time, the singlechip chip U12 controls the forward input end of the amplifier U10A to be pulled down, the output end of the amplifier is 0V, the triode Q3 is disconnected, and the equipment is powered off.
After the voltage of the battery is divided by the resistor R35 and the resistor R39, the battery voltage enters an ADC pin of the singlechip chip through a voltage follower circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the communication module includes a chip U13, the model of the chip U13 is SP3485, the 1 pin of the chip U13 is connected with the 52 pin of the chip U12, the 2 pin and the 3 pin of the chip U13 are connected with the 50 pin of the chip U12, the 4 pin of the chip U13 is connected with the 51 pin of the chip U12, the 6 pin of the chip U13 is connected with one end of a resistor R59, one end of a resistor R58 and one end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R59 is connected with +3.3v power, the other end of the resistor R58 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D17 and the 2 pin of the interface P4, the 7 pin of the chip U13 is connected with one end of a resistor R55, one end of a resistor R56 and the other end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R55 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R56 is connected with one end of the TVS tube D16 and the 3 pin of the interface P4, and the interface P4 is used for externally connecting the PH sensor.
The part is an RS485 communication circuit and is used for detecting the PH value in the soil and transmitting the PH value to the singlechip chip U12.
As shown in FIG. 3, the display module includes an interface J1, the interface J1 is used for externally connecting a display screen, pins 1-5 of the interface J1 are connected with one end of a capacitor C29 and one end of a capacitor E2, and are connected with an LCD_PWR power supply in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C29 and the other end of the capacitor E2 are grounded, pin 20 of the interface J1 is connected with one end of a resistor R47 and a pin D of a MOS tube Q7, the other end of the resistor R47 is connected with one end of a resistor R50 and a pin 21 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R50 is grounded, pin G of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with a collector of a triode Q8 and one end of a resistor R48, a base of the triode Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R51 and one end of a resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 and an emitter of the triode Q8 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R51 is connected with the 8 pin of a chip U12, pin S of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with the other end of the resistor R48 and the USB interface module, pin 30 of the interface J1 is connected with pin 30 of the chip U12, and pin 31 of the interface J1 is connected with pin 31 of the chip U12.
As shown in FIG. 4, the USB interface module includes a chip type-c1, an A4 pin, an A9 pin, a B4 pin and a B9 pin of the chip type-c1 are connected with an S pin of the MOS tube Q7, an A6 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with a 24 pin of the interface J1, an A7 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with a 23 pin of the interface J1, an A9 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of the TVS tube D15, the other end of the TVS tube D15 is grounded, a B6 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of the TVS tube D13, and a B7 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of the TVS tube D14, and the other end of the TVS tube D13 and the other end of the TVS tube D14 are grounded.
In the application, a platinum electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, a silver-silver chloride electrode is used as a reference electrode, a primary cell is formed by the platinum electrode and a water sample, the oxidation-reduction potential of the platinum electrode relative to a saturated calomel electrode is measured by an electronic millivoltmeter or a general pH sensor, and then the oxidation-reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode is converted to form a report result.
The description of the present application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the application in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the application and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the application for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (1)
1. An automatic measuring instrument for soil oxidation-reduction potential, which is characterized in that: the battery voltage monitoring system comprises a singlechip module, a communication module, a display module, a USB interface module, a detection module, a battery voltage monitoring module and a power supply module, wherein the communication module, the display module, the USB interface module, the voltage monitoring module and the detection module are connected with the singlechip module, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to each module;
the single chip microcomputer module comprises a chip U12, the model of the chip U12 is STM32F103RCT6, a pin 42 of the chip U12 is connected with a pin 2 of an interface P2, a pin 43 of the chip U12 is connected with a pin 3 of the interface P2, a pin 1 of the interface P2 is connected with +3.3V, a pin 46 of the chip U12 is connected with a pin 2 of the interface P3, a pin 49 of the chip U12 is connected with a pin 3 of the interface P3, a pin 1 of the interface P3 is connected with +3.3V, and the single chip microcomputer module is a core of an automatic measuring instrument and is used for controlling the operation of each module;
the detection module comprises a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is CA3140, a3 pin of the chip U2 is connected with one end of a capacitor C2 and a platinum electrode, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, a4 pin of the chip U2 is connected with a-5V power supply, a7 pin of the chip U2 is connected with +5V, 2 pins and 6 pins of the chip U2 are connected with one end of a resistor R5, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a3 pin of an amplifier U3A, the 2 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with one end of a resistor R4 and one end of a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 1 pin of the amplifier U3A, and the 4 pin of the amplifier U3A is connected with a-5V power supply; the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the 5 pin of the amplifier U3B, the 6 pin of the amplifier U3B is connected with one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with the 7 pin of the amplifier U3B; the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with the 2 pin of the amplifier U5A and one end of the resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the 1 pin of the amplifier U5A, the 3 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, the 4 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a-5V power supply, and the 8 pin of the amplifier U5A is connected with a +5V power supply;
the detection module further comprises a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is CD4052D, a pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 45 of the chip U12, a pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 44 of the chip U12, a pin 12 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U3A, a pin 14 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 7 of the amplifier U3B, and a pin 15 of the chip U1 is connected with a pin 1 of the amplifier U5A;
the detection module further comprises a chip U4, the model of the chip U4 is MCP3421, a 1 pin of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1, one end of a diode D2 and one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the diode D2 are grounded, the other end of the diode D1 is connected with +5V, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with 13 pins of the chip U1, 5 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and are connected with +3V, 3 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R60 and one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R60 is connected with +3V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with 58 pins of the chip U1, the 4 pins of the chip U4 are connected with one end of a resistor R61 and one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R61 is connected with +3V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with 59 pins of the chip U1;
the power supply module comprises a chip IC1, the model of the chip IC1 is TP4056, the 4 pin and the 8 pin of the chip IC1 are connected with one end of a resistor R27, one end of a resistor R28, one end of a capacitor C15 and one end of a capacitor C16, the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R28 are connected with a VBUS power supply, the other end of the capacitor C15 and the other end of the capacitor C16 are grounded, the 5 pin of the chip IC1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C13 and one end of a capacitor C14 and is connected with a battery BAT in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C13 and the other end of the capacitor C14 are grounded, the 2 pin of the chip IC1 is connected with one end of a resistor R29, the other end of the resistor R29 is grounded, the 6 pin of the chip IC1 is connected with the 22 pin of a chip U12, and the 7 pin of the chip IC1 is connected with the 21 pin of the chip U12;
the power supply module further comprises a chip U11, the type of the chip U11 is ME6211C33, the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the chip U11 are connected with one end of a capacitor C22 and are connected with a VBAT power supply in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C22 is grounded, the 4 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C26, the other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded, the 5 pin of the chip U11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C23 and one end of a diode D10 and is connected with a +3.3V power supply in parallel, and the other end of the capacitor C23 and the other end of the diode D10 are grounded;
the power supply module further comprises a chip U9, the model of the chip U9 is CE7660, a capacitor C17 is arranged between the 2 pins and the 4 pins of the chip U9, the 5 pin of the chip U9 is connected with one end of a diode D4, the other end of the diode D4 is connected with one end of a capacitor C18 and one end of a capacitor C19, a-5V power supply is connected in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C18 and the other end of the capacitor C19 are grounded, and the 8 pin of the chip U9 is connected with a +5V power supply;
the power module further comprises a chip IC2, the model of the chip IC2 is SX1308, the 4 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of a resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 and the 5 pin of the chip IC2 are connected with a VBAT power supply, the 1 pin of the chip IC2 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and one end of a diode D9, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C27 and one end of a capacitor C28, the other end of the capacitor C27 and the other end of the capacitor C28 are grounded, the other end of the diode D9 is connected with one end of a capacitor E1, one end of a capacitor C25, one end of a resistor R42, one end of a diode D11 and one end of a resistor R7, and the other end of a capacitor C25 are grounded, the other end of the resistor E1 and the other end of the capacitor C25 are connected with the 3 pin of the chip IC2, one end of a resistor R45, the other end of the capacitor C24 and one end of a diode D12, the other end of the resistor R45 and the other end of the diode D12 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a diode D7 and the other end of the diode D11 and the other end of the diode is grounded;
the battery voltage monitoring module comprises a triode Q3, wherein the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a diode D6, the 1 pin of a MOS tube Q1 and one end of a resistor R31, the other end of the resistor R312 and the 2 pin of the MOS tube Q1 are connected with VSWQ power supply, the 3 pin of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with VBAT power supply, the base of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R37 and one end of a resistor R36, the other end of the resistor R37 and the emitter of the triode Q3 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R36 is connected with the 1 pin of an amplifier U10A, the 8 pin of the amplifier U10A is connected with VBAT power supply, the 4 pin of the amplifier U10A is grounded, the 3 pin of the amplifier U10A is connected with the 24 pin of a chip U12 and one end of a resistor R40, the other end of the resistor R40 is connected with +3.3V, the other end of the diode D6 is connected with one end of a diode D5, one end of a resistor R30, one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a key SW1, the other end of the diode D5 is connected with the 25 pin of the chip U12, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with the other end of the WQ power supply, the other end of the resistor SW1 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with the other end of the resistor R4 and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the resistor C20, the other end of the resistor C2 is connected with the resistor C20 and the resistor C2, and the other end of the resistor 20 is connected with the resistor 20;
the battery voltage monitoring module further comprises an amplifier U10B, wherein a pin 5 of the amplifier U10B is connected with one end of a capacitor C21, one end of a resistor R39 and one end of a resistor R35, the other end of the capacitor C21 and the other end of the resistor R39 are grounded, and a pin 6 and a pin 7 of the amplifier U10B are connected with a pin 16 of a chip U12;
the communication module comprises a chip U13, the model of the chip U13 is SP3485, the pin 1 of the chip U13 is connected with the pin 52 of the chip U12, the pins 2 and 3 of the chip U13 are connected with the pin 50 of the chip U12, the pin 4 of the chip U13 is connected with the pin 51 of the chip U12, the pin 6 of the chip U13 is connected with one end of a resistor R59, one end of a resistor R58 and one end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R59 is connected with a +3.3V power supply, the other end of the resistor R58 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D17 and the other end of a resistor P4, the pin 7 of the chip U13 is connected with one end of a resistor R55, one end of a resistor R56 and the other end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R55 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R56 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D16 and the pin 3 of the interface P4, and the interface P4 is used for externally connecting a PH sensor;
the display module comprises an interface J1, wherein the interface J1 is used for externally connecting a display screen, pins 1-5 of the interface J1 are connected with one end of a capacitor C29 and one end of a capacitor E2 and are connected with an LCD_PWR power supply in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C29 and the other end of the capacitor E2 are grounded, pin 20 of the interface J1 is connected with one end of a resistor R47 and a pin D of a MOS tube Q7, the other end of the resistor R47 is connected with one end of a resistor R50 and a pin 21 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R50 is grounded, a pin G of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with a collector of a triode Q8 and one end of a resistor R48, a base of the triode Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R51 and one end of a resistor R52, the other end of the resistor R52 and an emitter of the triode Q8 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R51 is connected with the pin 8 of a chip U12, pin S of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with the other end of the resistor R48 and the USB interface module, pin 30 of the interface J1 is connected with pin 30 of the chip U12, and pin 31 of the interface J1 is connected with pin 31 of the chip U12;
the USB interface module comprises a chip type-c1, wherein an A4 pin, an A9 pin, a B4 pin and a B9 pin of the chip type-c1 are connected with an S pin of a MOS tube Q7, an A6 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with a 24 pin of an interface J1, an A7 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with a 23 pin of the interface J1, an A9 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D15, the other end of the TVS tube D15 is grounded, a B6 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D13, and a B7 pin of the chip type-c1 is connected with one end of a TVS tube D14, and the other end of the TVS tube D13 and the other end of the TVS tube D14 are grounded.
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