CN115266600A - Photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection device of F-P cavity - Google Patents
Photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection device of F-P cavity Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000004867 photoacoustic spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010895 photoacoustic effect Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001834 photoacoustic spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1704—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in gases
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection, and discloses a photoacoustic spectrum gas detection device of an F-P cavity, which forms a new voltage waveform signal to provide driving current for a pump laser by superposing waveform voltage signals respectively sent by a function generator and a phase-locked amplifier, sends the pump laser to a Fabry-Perot cavity by the pump laser, sends detection laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity by the detection laser through an optical fiber circulator to generate an acoustic signal, carries out interference processing on the acoustic signal by the Fabry-Perot cavity, converts the interference signal into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, demodulates the electric signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing gas concentration by the phase-locked amplifier, and modulates an input voltage signal of the detection laser according to the electric signal by a proportional integral differential controller so as to tune the wavelength of the detection laser, thereby minimizing the photoacoustic signal error detected by the phase-locked amplifier and improving the sensitivity of photoacoustic spectrum gas detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection, in particular to a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection device with an F-P cavity.
Background
In the last two decades, the photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection technology has made great progress, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, wide dynamic range and the like. In photoacoustic spectroscopy, a gas sample to be measured is excited by a light source, which causes local heating of gas molecules (along a pump beam) if the laser source employs a pump light source, and generates a periodic temperature gradient acoustic wave if the pump beam is modulated with a sine wave or a square wave or pulsed, and a fabry-perot interferometer (FPI) is commonly used to detect photoacoustic signals and study the accuracy of gas detection. During detection, the concentration of the gas sample is proportional to the amplitude of the acoustic wave generated by the photoacoustic effect. However, in the prior art, the gas detection sensitivity of the photoacoustic spectroscopy is not high enough, so that the final gas detection result is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection device with an F-P cavity, which solves the technical problem of low sensitivity of photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection apparatus having an F-P cavity, including: the device comprises a function generator, a phase-locked amplifier, an adder, a laser driver, a pumping laser, a Fabry-Perot cavity, an optical fiber circulator, a detection laser, a photoelectric detector and a proportional-integral-derivative controller;
the function generator is connected with the adder and used for sending a sawtooth waveform voltage signal to the adder;
one end of the phase-locked amplifier is connected with the adder and is used for sending a sine wave voltage signal to the adder;
the adder is connected with the laser driver and is used for adding the sawtooth waveform voltage signal and the sine wave voltage signal into a new voltage waveform signal and outputting the new voltage waveform signal to the laser driver;
the laser driver is connected with the pump laser and used for providing driving current for the pump laser according to the new voltage waveform signal;
the pump laser is used for emitting pump laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity, and generating an acoustic signal through a photoacoustic effect with gas to be detected in the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the optical fiber circulator is respectively connected with the detection laser, the Fabry-Perot cavity and the photoelectric detector, and the detection laser is used for emitting detection laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity through the optical fiber circulator;
the Fabry-Perot cavity carries out interference processing on the acoustic signal, and an interference signal is output to the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator; the photoelectric detector is respectively connected with the phase-locked amplifier and the proportional-integral-derivative controller and is used for converting the interference signal into an electric signal and respectively sending the electric signal to the phase-locked amplifier and the proportional-integral-derivative controller;
the lock-in amplifier is also used for demodulating the electric signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing the concentration of the gas;
and the proportional-integral-derivative controller is connected with the detection laser and is used for modulating an input voltage signal of the detection laser according to the electric signal feedback so as to tune the wavelength of the detection laser.
Preferably, the pump laser is a mid-infrared pump laser.
Preferably, the detection laser adopts a distributed feedback diode laser with the center wavelength of 1550nm and the output power of 10 mW.
Preferably, the fabry-perot cavity comprises a first fabry-perot mirror, a second fabry-perot mirror and an anti-resonance fiber gas chamber;
the two side walls of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber are respectively provided with a sleeve, anti-resonance hollow optical fibers are arranged in the sleeves, the anti-resonance hollow optical fibers are communicated with the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber, the bottom of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the first Fabry-Perot mirror surface and the second Fabry-Perot mirror surface are respectively arranged on the two sides of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber, and the first Fabry-Perot mirror surface and the second Fabry-Perot mirror surface are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the anti-resonance hollow optical fiber is provided with an optical fiber cladding, a hollow capillary layer and a hollow core in sequence from outside to inside, wherein the hollow capillary layer comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries, the plurality of hollow capillaries are arranged in the hollow core and arranged along the inner wall of the hollow core, the optical fiber cladding is made of borosilicate glass material, and the hollow capillaries are made of silicon material.
Preferably, a prism is disposed on an optical path between the pump laser and the fabry-perot cavity.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention forms a new voltage waveform signal to provide driving current for a pump laser by superposing waveform voltage signals respectively sent by a function generator and a phase-locked amplifier, modulates the wavelength of the pump laser, simultaneously sends pump laser to a Fabry-Perot cavity by the pump laser, sends detection laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity by the detection laser through an optical fiber circulator, generates an acoustic signal by generating a photoacoustic effect with gas to be detected in the Fabry-Perot cavity, carries out interference processing on the acoustic signal by the Fabry-Perot cavity, converts the interference signal into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, demodulates the electric signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing the gas concentration by the phase-locked amplifier, and feeds back and modulates an input voltage signal of the detection laser according to the electric signal by a proportional integral derivative controller to tune the wavelength of the detection laser, thereby minimizing the error of the photoacoustic signal detected by the phase-locked amplifier and improving the sensitivity of photoacoustic spectrum gas detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection apparatus having an F-P cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fabry-perot cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-resonance hollow core fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
For easy understanding, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an F-P cavity photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a function generator 3, a phase-locked amplifier 4, an adder 2, a laser driver 1, a pumping laser 11, a Fabry-Perot cavity 9, a fiber circulator 8, a detection laser 7, a photoelectric detector 5 and a proportional-integral-derivative controller 6;
the function generator 3 is connected with the adder 2 and is used for sending a sawtooth waveform voltage signal to the adder 2;
one end of the phase-locked amplifier 4 is connected with the adder 2 and used for sending a sine wave voltage signal to the adder 2;
the voltage signals sent by the function generator 3 and the lock-in amplifier 4 can be set by themselves.
The adder 2 is connected with the laser driver 1 and is used for adding the sawtooth waveform voltage signal and the sine wave voltage signal into a new voltage waveform signal and outputting the new voltage waveform signal to the laser driver 1;
the laser driver 1 is connected with the pump laser 11 and used for providing a driving current for the pump laser 11 according to the new voltage waveform signal;
the pump laser 11 is used for emitting pump laser into the Fabry-Perot cavity 9, and generating an acoustic signal through a photoacoustic effect with gas to be detected in the Fabry-Perot cavity 9;
the pump laser 11 is a mid-infrared pump laser.
In one example, a prism 10 is arranged in the optical path between the pump laser 11 and the fabry-perot cavity 9.
The optical fiber circulator 8 is respectively connected with the detection laser 7, the Fabry-Perot cavity 9 and the photoelectric detector 5, and the detection laser 7 is used for emitting detection laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity 9 through the optical fiber circulator 8;
wherein, the detection laser 7 adopts a distributed feedback diode laser with the center wavelength of 1550nm and the output power of 10 mW.
The detection laser is transmitted to an anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber in the Fabry-Perot cavity 9 through an optical fiber circulator 8 and a common optical fiber by a butt coupling method.
The Fabry-Perot cavity 9 performs interference processing on the acoustic signal, and outputs an interference signal to the photoelectric detector 5 through the optical fiber circulator 8; the photoelectric detector 5 is respectively connected with the phase-locked amplifier 4 and the proportional-integral-derivative controller 6, and is used for converting the interference signal into an electric signal and respectively sending the electric signal to the phase-locked amplifier 4 and the proportional-integral-derivative controller 6;
the photoelectric detector 5 has selectivity to wavelength, and only detects laser with wavelength of 1550nm, but not detects mid-infrared pump light.
The lock-in amplifier 4 is also used for demodulating the electric signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing the concentration of the gas;
wherein the concentration of the gas sample is proportional to the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal.
The pid controller 6 is connected to the detection laser 7 for feedback modulation of the input voltage signal of the detection laser 7 in dependence of the electrical signal to tune the wavelength of the detection laser 7.
The wavelength of the laser has drift, so that the wavelengths corresponding to different driving voltage amplitudes have slight difference, and the detection result at the central wavelength is optimal, so that the error of the photoacoustic signal related to the gas concentration finally detected is ensured to be minimum. The pid controller 6 modulates the input voltage signal of the detection laser 7 and the quadrature point and any amplitude drift points corresponding to the voltage signal are corrected by applying the voltage signal modulated by the detection laser 7 to perform laser wavelength locking, with the result that the error of the photoacoustic signal finally detected by the lock-in amplifier 4 after wavelength locking is minimal.
Specifically, the electrical signal received by the proportional-integral controller is feedback information of the photodetector, and the wavelength of the laser can be fed back, so that the wavelength and the photoacoustic signal are conveniently in one-to-one correspondence. The amplitude of the photoacoustic signal can be displayed in the phase-locked amplifier, and the maximum value of the photoacoustic signal corresponding to each wavelength value is determined by scanning a certain range of wavelengths, so that the corresponding voltage signal when the photoacoustic signal is maximum is found. The voltage signal at this time corresponds to the most suitable laser wavelength, and the error at this time is the smallest.
The embodiment provides a photoacoustic spectroscopic gas detection device of an F-P cavity, which forms a new voltage waveform signal by superimposing waveform voltage signals respectively sent by a function generator 3 and a lock-in amplifier 4 to provide a driving current for a pump laser 11, modulates the wavelength of the pump laser 11, sends a pump laser to a fabry-perot cavity 9 through the pump laser 11, sends a detection laser to the fabry-perot cavity 9 through a probe laser 7, sends the detection laser to the fabry-perot cavity 9 through an optical fiber circulator 8, generates an acoustic signal by generating a photoacoustic effect with a gas to be detected in the fabry-perot cavity 9, performs interference processing on the acoustic signal by the fabry-perot cavity 9, converts the interference signal into an electrical signal through a photoelectric detector 5, demodulates the electrical signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing the gas concentration through the lock-in amplifier 4, and modulates an input voltage signal of the probe laser 7 according to the electrical signal feedback through a proportional integral derivative controller 6 to tune the wavelength of the probe laser 7, thereby minimizing the error of the photoacoustic signal detected by the lock-in amplifier 4 and improving the sensitivity of photoacoustic spectroscopic gas detection.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the fabry-perot cavity 9 includes a first fabry-perot mirror 91, a second fabry-perot mirror 92, and an anti-resonance fiber gas chamber 97;
the two side walls of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber 97 are provided with sleeves 93, anti-resonance hollow optical fibers 94 are arranged in the sleeves 93, the anti-resonance hollow optical fibers 94 are communicated with the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber 97, the bottom of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber 97 is provided with an air inlet 95 and an air outlet 96, the first Fabry-Perot mirror 91 and the second Fabry-Perot mirror 92 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber 97, and the first Fabry-Perot mirror 91 and the second Fabry-Perot mirror 92 are arranged in parallel.
As shown in fig. 3, the anti-resonance hollow fiber 94 is sequentially provided with a fiber cladding 941, a hollow capillary layer 942, and a hollow core 943 from outside to inside, wherein the hollow capillary layer 942 includes a plurality of hollow capillaries, the hollow capillaries are arranged in the hollow core 943 and arranged along the inner wall of the hollow core 943, the fiber cladding 941 is made of borosilicate glass material, and the hollow capillaries are made of silica material.
Wherein the cross-sectional area of the outer ring of the anti-resonance hollow fiber 94 is 0.0675mm 2 The area of the cross section of the inner ring is twice that of the cross section of the inner ring, the number of the hollow capillaries is eight, the inner diameter of the hollow core 943 is 122 micrometers, the hollow capillaries are arranged around the hollow core 943 in the optical fiber, the overlapping between the glass on the outer layer of the optical fiber and the light passing through the fiber core is minimum, according to the principle of the anti-resonance optical fiber, when the incident light is transmitted in the optical fiber, the light is scattered on the outer layer of the glass, and due to the scattering, quantum-speech sound waves, namely phonon noise, can be generated. Because the materials of the optical fiber glass and the capillary are different, the phonon noise can not resonate in the transmission process, so that the noise can be greatly reduced, the optical fiber glass has a good noise elimination effect, and the interference of the phonon from the glass is eliminated.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An F-P cavity photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection apparatus comprising: the device comprises a function generator, a phase-locked amplifier, an adder, a laser driver, a pumping laser, a Fabry-Perot cavity, an optical fiber circulator, a detection laser, a photoelectric detector and a proportional-integral-derivative controller;
the function generator is connected with the adder and is used for sending a sawtooth waveform voltage signal to the adder;
one end of the phase-locked amplifier is connected with the adder and used for sending a sine wave voltage signal to the adder;
the adder is connected with the laser driver and is used for adding the sawtooth waveform voltage signal and the sine wave voltage signal into a new voltage waveform signal and outputting the new voltage waveform signal to the laser driver;
the laser driver is connected with the pump laser and used for providing driving current for the pump laser according to the new voltage waveform signal;
the pump laser is used for emitting pump laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity, and generating an acoustic signal through a photoacoustic effect with gas to be detected in the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the optical fiber circulator is respectively connected with the detection laser, the Fabry-Perot cavity and the photoelectric detector, and the detection laser is used for emitting detection laser to the Fabry-Perot cavity through the optical fiber circulator;
the Fabry-Perot cavity carries out interference processing on the acoustic signal, and an interference signal is output to the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator; the photoelectric detector is respectively connected with the phase-locked amplifier and the proportional-integral-derivative controller and is used for converting the interference signal into an electric signal and respectively sending the electric signal to the phase-locked amplifier and the proportional-integral-derivative controller;
the lock-in amplifier is also used for demodulating the electric signal into a photoacoustic signal for representing the concentration of the gas;
and the proportional-integral-derivative controller is connected with the detection laser and is used for modulating an input voltage signal of the detection laser according to the electric signal feedback so as to tune the wavelength of the detection laser.
2. The F-P cavity photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pump laser is a mid-infrared pump laser.
3. The photoacoustic spectroscopic gas detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probe laser is a distributed feedback diode laser having a center wavelength of 1550nm and an output power of 10 mW.
4. The photoacoustic spectroscopic gas detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fabry-perot cavity comprises a first fabry-perot mirror, a second fabry-perot mirror and an anti-resonance fiber gas cell;
the two side walls of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber are respectively provided with a sleeve, anti-resonance hollow optical fibers are arranged in the sleeves, the anti-resonance hollow optical fibers are communicated with the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber, the bottom of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the first Fabry-Perot mirror surface and the second Fabry-Perot mirror surface are respectively arranged on the two sides of the anti-resonance optical fiber air chamber, and the first Fabry-Perot mirror surface and the second Fabry-Perot mirror surface are arranged in parallel.
5. The photoacoustic spectrometry gas detection device having the F-P cavity according to claim 4, wherein the resonance-resistant hollow fiber comprises, from outside to inside, a fiber cladding, a hollow capillary layer and a hollow core, wherein the hollow capillary layer comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries, the plurality of hollow capillaries are disposed in the hollow core and arranged along the inner wall of the hollow core, the fiber cladding is made of borosilicate glass material, and the hollow capillaries are made of silicon material.
6. The photoacoustic spectroscopic gas detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein a prism is disposed on the optical path between the pump laser and the fabry-perot cavity.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116337782A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-27 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for simultaneously detecting dissolved gas and partial discharge in insulating oil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116337782A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-27 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for simultaneously detecting dissolved gas and partial discharge in insulating oil |
| CN116337782B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-03-12 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for simultaneously detecting dissolved gas and partial discharge in insulating oil |
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