CN115265962A - Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space - Google Patents

Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115265962A
CN115265962A CN202210751488.6A CN202210751488A CN115265962A CN 115265962 A CN115265962 A CN 115265962A CN 202210751488 A CN202210751488 A CN 202210751488A CN 115265962 A CN115265962 A CN 115265962A
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space
leakage
hydrogen
vector
hydrogen leakage
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CN115265962B (en
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张春伟
柴栋栋
马利亚
王克军
苏韬
魏金莹
陈静
崔皓玉
宋建军
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
    • F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for an open space, which comprises the following steps: a detection space is defined by taking hydrogen equipment to be detected as the center in an open space, an anemoscope is arranged at the center of the detection space, more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are arranged in the detection space, information acquired by the anemoscope and the multi-dimensional information acquisition units is transmitted to an acquisition control terminal, the acquisition control terminal calculates the initial hydrogen leakage space d and the leakage probability of each component in the initial hydrogen leakage space d according to the received information, accurate detection is carried out according to the leakage probability from large to small, and the position of the component with hydrogen leakage can be quickly positioned. The invention realizes the detection and the positioning of the hydrogen leakage in the open space by carrying out multi-dimensional information acquisition, vector calculation and analysis on the hydrogen leakage phenomenon, mainly taking the information vector which is not influenced by natural wind as the main part and taking the information vector which is influenced by the natural wind as the auxiliary part.

Description

Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy equipment, and particularly relates to a hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for an open space.
Background
The hydrogen has the advantages of high combustion efficiency, no pollution of products and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, power, locomotive fuel cells and the like. However, hydrogen molecules are very small, and are easy to leak in the process of storage and use, and because hydrogen is not beneficial to breathing, colorless and tasteless, and the ignition point is 585 ℃, the content of air is in the range of 4% -75%, and explosion happens when exposed fire occurs, the leakage of the hydrogen needs to be monitored and positioned in the use process. In actual use in hydrogen production plants, hydrogen liquefaction plants, hydrogen refueling stations, and the like, hydrogen gas often leaks through some tiny cracks on fuel lines, valves, high-pressure storage tanks, and the like. In the aspect of hydrogen leakage detection and positioning, a hydrogen concentration sensor is mostly adopted, and the problems of poor stability, weak sensitivity and output signals, short service life, high cost and the like exist; the difficulty of detecting and positioning hydrogen leakage in an open space also increases exponentially under the influence of factors such as natural wind.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for an open space, which performs multi-dimensional information acquisition, vector calculation and analysis on a hydrogen leakage phenomenon, and realizes hydrogen leakage detection and positioning of the open space by taking an information vector not influenced by natural wind as a main part and an information vector influenced by natural wind as an auxiliary part.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for an open space is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: a detection space is defined by taking hydrogen equipment to be detected as the center in an open space, an anemoscope is arranged at the center of the detection space, more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are arranged in the detection space, information acquired by the anemoscope and the multi-dimensional information acquisition units is transmitted to an acquisition control terminal, the acquisition control terminal calculates the initial hydrogen leakage space d and the leakage probability of each component in the initial hydrogen leakage space d according to the received information, accurate detection is carried out according to the leakage probability from large to small, and the position of the component with hydrogen leakage can be quickly positioned.
Further, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, defining a detection space in an open space by taking hydrogen equipment to be detected as a center; the detection space is coordinated, and three-dimensional coordinates of all parts in the detection space are obtained; setting initial leakage probability a for each component in sequence according to the size of the leakage probability for all the components; arranging an anemoscope at the center of the detection space; more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are arranged in the detection space from inside to outside; the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit consists of more than two heterogeneous sensors;
step two, after hydrogen leakage occurs, a set multidimensional information acquisition unit acquires a sensing signal and sends the sensing signal to an acquisition control terminal, the acquisition control terminal calculates according to the sensing signal to obtain a signal difference before and after hydrogen leakage, meanwhile, an anemoscope reads current wind speed and sends the current wind speed to the acquisition control terminal, and the acquisition control terminal calculates according to the current wind speed to obtain a vector corresponding to the current wind speed;
the acquisition control terminal subtracts the space coordinates of the same type of sensors on the inner layer and the outer layer of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers, and calculates to obtain an outside-in space vector by combining the vector corresponding to the current wind speed; setting probability b for all space vectors according to the sequence of the signal difference values from large to small;
step three, the acquisition control terminal calculates pairwise intersections of all vectors of the signals of the same type of sensors, a clustering algorithm based on probability b is adopted to obtain a series of vector intersection point sets c with the strongest association degree, invalid points are removed, the vector intersection point sets c are used as space boundaries of hydrogen leakage positions, and an initial hydrogen leakage space d is determined;
performing secondary clustering calculation on the vector intersection point set c by the acquisition control terminal by adopting a clustering algorithm based on the probability a to obtain a plurality of vector point sets e with higher association degree, and performing space coordinate association on the plurality of vector point sets e and components in the initial hydrogen leakage space d to obtain the leakage probability of each component in the initial hydrogen leakage space d;
and step five, accurately detecting according to the leakage probability from large to small, namely quickly positioning the position of the hydrogen leakage component, after the leakage component is positioned, improving the initial leakage probability a, returning to the step one, and preparing for the detection and positioning of the hydrogen leakage at the next time.
Furthermore, the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit comprises two types, wherein one type is a sensor which is not influenced by natural wind factors, and the other type is a sensor which is influenced by natural wind;
when the space vector is calculated, the space vector is made to be a space vector A for a sensor which is not influenced by natural wind factors, and the space vector A can be directly used; for the sensor affected by natural wind, the space vector is made to be a space vector B, the space vector B needs to be decomposed into a vector obtained by subtracting the space vector B from the current wind speed, and then a space vector C after the hydrogen leakage effect is obtained.
Further, the sensor which is not influenced by natural wind factors comprises: acoustic sensors and optical sensors; the sensor affected by natural wind includes: a hydrogen concentration sensor and a temperature sensor.
Furthermore, the arrangement mode of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers is an internal sparse and external dense mode.
Furthermore, the positions of the inner layer and the outer layer of the same type of sensors in the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers correspond to each other.
Furthermore, the outer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit can be adjusted and arranged according to the wind direction information acquired by the anemoscope, and a sensor of the outer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit, which is located in the original upwind direction, can be shifted and arranged at the downwind position.
Furthermore, the outer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit can be adjusted and arranged according to the wind direction information acquired by the anemoscope, and a sensor of the outer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit, which is located in the original upwind direction, can be shifted and arranged at the downwind position.
Furthermore, the acquisition control terminal can adopt a sensor of the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit and a microprocessor or a portable computer which is arranged in the anemoscope, and the microprocessor or the portable computer can be connected with an alarm to perform real-time early warning on hydrogen leakage.
Further, the leak detection and location method can also be used for natural gas, methane or other toxic and harmful gases.
Has the advantages that:
(1) The invention aims at the problems of hydrogen leakage detection and positioning in a complex open space, takes a space vector as a positioning reference, adopts a mode of combining probability assignment and a clustering algorithm, can automatically carry out detection and positioning, effectively reduces human calculation and judgment errors, can give out the confidence coefficient of leakage of each part, updates the leakage probability of the part, and fully utilizes historical data to improve the efficiency of system detection and positioning.
(2) The invention starts from the multidimensional information characteristic of hydrogen leakage, and comprehensively uses two types of sensors which are not influenced by natural wind and are influenced by natural wind, thereby facilitating the arrangement of the sensors; and vector decomposition is carried out on anemograph data, so that the influence of natural wind on hydrogen leakage positioning is removed to the greatest extent, the overall accuracy is high, and the economic cost of the system is greatly reduced while the detection and positioning accuracy is ensured.
(3) The positions of the inner layer and the outer layer of the similar sensors in the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers need to have a mutual corresponding relation so as to realize the positioning of all parts, and meanwhile, the positions of the sensors in the inner layer can realize the nodularization and the correlation of positions easy to leak, thereby reducing the sensor arrangement difficulty of complex hydrogen equipment.
(4) The outer-layer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit can be adjusted and arranged according to the wind direction information acquired by the anemoscope, namely, a sensor of the outer-layer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit, which is positioned in the original upwind direction, is arranged at the downwind position in a shifting manner, so that the accuracy of hydrogen leakage detection and positioning is improved.
(5) The acquisition control terminal can adopt a sensor of a multi-dimensional information acquisition unit and a microprocessor or a portable computer which is arranged in an anemoscope, and the microprocessor or the portable computer can be connected with an alarm to realize the real-time early warning of hydrogen leakage.
(6) The leakage detection and positioning method can be used for hydrogen, natural gas, methane and other toxic and harmful gases, and the application range is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for hydrogen leak detection and location in an open space;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of all components, anemometers and sensors for an open space hydrogen leak detection and location method;
the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen pump 2, a vaporizer 3, a hydrogen storage air bag 4, a hydrogen liquefaction cold box 5, a pipeline 6, an anemoscope 7, an inner-layer multi-dimensional sensing unit 8, an outer-layer multi-dimensional sensing unit 9, a sensor 10 and an acquisition control terminal 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a method for detecting and positioning hydrogen leakage in an open space, wherein hydrogen equipment to be detected is placed in the open space, and referring to fig. 2, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen pump 2, a vaporizer 3, a hydrogen storage airbag 4 and a hydrogen liquefaction cold box 5 are specifically placed; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the liquid hydrogen pump 2, the vaporizer 3, the hydrogen storage air bag 4 and the hydrogen liquefaction cold box 5 are sequentially connected through a pipeline 6 and are connected in series to form a closed loop;
referring to the attached figure 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, with all hydrogen devices to be detected, namely the closed loop as a center, defining a detection space with a certain size in an open space, wherein the detection space envelops all the hydrogen devices; secondly, the detection space is coordinated, and three-dimensional coordinates of all positions in the detection space and the hydrogen equipment and accessories thereof (the hydrogen equipment and the accessories thereof are simply referred to as components in the following) are obtained; the accessories comprise pipelines 6, valves, flanges and the like;
step 2, classifying all components, and sequentially setting an initial leakage probability a for each component according to the leakage probability, wherein for example, the probability of the joints of valves, flanges and the like is greater than the leakage probability of the components of pipelines and the like;
step 3, acquiring a hydrogen diffusion rule of each component through numerical simulation, and arranging more than two layers of multidimensional information acquisition units from inside to outside in the detection space based on the hydrogen diffusion rule, wherein the multidimensional information acquisition units comprise two types, one type is a sound sensor, an optical sensor and the like which are not influenced by factors such as natural wind and the like, and the other type is a hydrogen concentration sensor, a temperature sensor and the like which are influenced by the natural wind; in the embodiment, two layers of multidimensional information acquisition units, namely an inner-layer multidimensional sensing unit 8 and an outer-layer multidimensional sensing unit 9, are adopted, wherein the inner-layer multidimensional sensing unit 8 comprises four sensors, and the outer-layer multidimensional sensing unit 9 comprises eight sensors; four sensors of the inner-layer multi-dimensional sensing unit 8 are arranged in the center of the closed loop, and eight sensors of the outer-layer multi-dimensional sensing unit 9 surround the periphery of the closed loop;
then, an anemoscope 7 is arranged at the center of the detection space, and in the embodiment, the anemoscope 7 is arranged at the centers of the four sensors of the inner-layer multi-dimensional sensing unit 8;
step 4, after hydrogen leakage occurs, a set multidimensional information acquisition unit rapidly acquires a sensing signal and sends the sensing signal to a data acquisition system, namely an acquisition control terminal 11 in fig. 2, the acquisition control terminal 11 calculates a signal difference before and after hydrogen leakage according to the sensing signal to obtain a signal difference before and after hydrogen leakage, an anemoscope 7 reads current wind speed and sends the signal difference to the acquisition control terminal 11, and the acquisition control terminal 11 calculates a vector corresponding to the current wind speed according to the current wind speed;
step 5, the acquisition control terminal 11 subtracts the spatial coordinates of the same type of sensors on the inner and outer layers of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers (one sensor on the inner layer can be subtracted from a plurality of sensors on the same type on the outer layer) to obtain an outside-in spatial vector; for a sound sensor, an optical sensor and the like which are not influenced by factors such as natural wind and the like, the space vector is made to be a space vector A which can be directly used; for a hydrogen concentration sensor, a temperature sensor and the like which are influenced by natural wind, enabling the space vector to be a space vector B, and decomposing the space vector B into a vector obtained by subtracting the space vector B from the current wind speed so as to obtain a space vector C after the hydrogen leakage action; setting probability b for all space vectors according to the sequence of the fluctuation difference of the information (namely the upper signal difference) from large to small; the information fluctuation difference is the difference between the current moment and the last moment measured by the sensor, for example, the information fluctuation difference of the hydrogen concentration sensor is the hydrogen concentration difference, and the information fluctuation difference of the optical sensor is the optical signal difference;
step 6, the acquisition control terminal 11 calculates pairwise intersections of all vectors of the same type of sensor signals, a clustering algorithm based on probability b is adopted to obtain a series of vector intersection point sets c with the strongest relevance degree, invalid points are removed, the vector intersection point sets c are used as space boundaries of hydrogen leakage positions, and an initial hydrogen leakage space d is determined;
step 7, the acquisition control terminal 11 performs secondary clustering calculation on the vector intersection point set c by adopting a clustering algorithm based on the probability a to obtain a plurality of vector point sets e with higher association degree, and performs spatial coordinate association on the vector point sets e and components in the initial hydrogen leakage space d to obtain the leakage probability of each component (namely all hydrogen equipment and accessories thereof) in the initial hydrogen leakage space d;
and 8, accurately detecting according to the leakage probability from high to low, namely quickly positioning the position of the hydrogen leakage component, after the leakage component is positioned, improving the initial leakage probability a, returning to the step 1, and preparing for the detection and positioning of the hydrogen leakage at the next time.
Preferably, the arrangement mode of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers is an internal sparse and external dense mode, namely, fewer sensors are arranged at key points in a closed loop formed by hydrogen equipment, and more sensors are arranged at the periphery;
preferably, the positions of the inner layer and the outer layer of the similar sensors in more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units need to have a mutual corresponding relation so as to realize the positioning of all components, and meanwhile, the positions of the sensors in the inner layer need to realize the nodularization and the correlation of positions easy to leak, so that the sensor arrangement difficulty of complex hydrogen equipment is reduced;
preferably, the arrangement of more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units presents spatial three-dimensional distribution;
preferably, the outer-layer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit can be adjusted and arranged according to the wind direction information acquired by the anemoscope 7, that is, a sensor of the outer-layer multi-dimensional information acquisition unit, which is located in the original upwind direction, is arranged at the downwind direction in a shifting manner, so that the accuracy of hydrogen leakage detection and positioning is improved;
preferably, the acquisition control terminal 11 may adopt a microprocessor or a portable computer with a built-in calculation program for a sensor of the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit and an anemometer, and the data acquisition, vector calculation, vector decomposition and cluster analysis of the sensor of the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit and the anemometer can be realized by the microprocessor or the portable computer with the built-in calculation program;
preferably, the microprocessor or the portable computer can be connected with an alarm to realize the real-time early warning of hydrogen leakage;
preferably, the leakage detection and positioning method can be used for hydrogen, natural gas, methane and other toxic and harmful gases.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for an open space is characterized by comprising the following steps: a detection space is defined by taking hydrogen equipment to be detected as the center in an open space, an anemoscope is arranged at the center of the detection space, more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are arranged in the detection space, information acquired by the anemoscope and the multi-dimensional information acquisition units is transmitted to an acquisition control terminal, the acquisition control terminal calculates the initial hydrogen leakage space d and the leakage probability of each component in the initial hydrogen leakage space d according to the received information, accurate detection is carried out according to the leakage probability from large to small, and the position of the component with hydrogen leakage can be quickly positioned.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step one, taking hydrogen equipment to be detected as a center, and defining a detection space in an open space; the detection space is coordinated, and three-dimensional coordinates of all parts in the detection space are obtained; setting initial leakage probability a for each component in sequence according to the size of the leakage probability for all the components; arranging an anemoscope at the center of the detection space; more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are arranged in the detection space from inside to outside; the multi-dimensional information acquisition unit consists of more than two heterogeneous sensors;
step two, after hydrogen leakage occurs, a set multidimensional information acquisition unit acquires a sensing signal and sends the sensing signal to an acquisition control terminal, the acquisition control terminal calculates according to the sensing signal to obtain a signal difference value before and after hydrogen leakage, meanwhile, an anemoscope reads current wind speed and sends the current wind speed to the acquisition control terminal, and the acquisition control terminal calculates according to the current wind speed to obtain a vector corresponding to the current wind speed;
the acquisition control terminal subtracts the space coordinates of the same type of sensors on the inner layer and the outer layer of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers, and calculates to obtain an outside-in space vector by combining the vector corresponding to the current wind speed; setting the probability b for all the space vectors according to the sequence of the signal difference values from large to small;
step three, the acquisition control terminal calculates pairwise intersection points of all vectors of similar sensor signals, a clustering algorithm based on probability b is adopted to obtain a series of vector intersection point sets c with the strongest association degree, invalid points are removed, the vector intersection point sets c are used as space boundaries of hydrogen leakage positions, and an initial hydrogen leakage space d is determined;
performing secondary clustering calculation on the vector intersection point set c by the acquisition control terminal by adopting a clustering algorithm based on the probability a to obtain a plurality of vector point sets e with higher association degree, and performing space coordinate association on the plurality of vector point sets e and components in the initial hydrogen leakage space d to obtain the leakage probability of each component in the initial hydrogen leakage space d;
and step five, accurately detecting according to the leakage probability from large to small, namely quickly positioning the position of the hydrogen leakage component, after the leakage component is positioned, improving the initial leakage probability a, returning to the step one, and preparing for the detection and positioning of the hydrogen leakage at the next time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the multi-dimensional information collecting unit comprises two types, one type is a sensor that is not affected by natural wind factors, and the other type is a sensor that is affected by natural wind;
when the space vector is calculated, the space vector is made to be a space vector A for a sensor which is not influenced by natural wind factors, and the space vector A can be directly used; for the sensor affected by natural wind, the space vector is made to be a space vector B, the space vector B needs to be decomposed into a vector obtained by subtracting the space vector B from the current wind speed, and then a space vector C after the hydrogen leakage effect is obtained.
4. A method of detecting and locating hydrogen leakage from an open space according to claim 3, wherein the sensor that is not affected by natural wind comprises: acoustic sensors and optical sensors; the sensor affected by natural wind includes: a hydrogen concentration sensor and a temperature sensor.
5. The method for detecting and locating hydrogen leakage in open space according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the arrangement of the multi-dimensional information acquisition units with more than two layers is inner-sparse-outer-dense.
6. A method for detecting and locating hydrogen leakage from open space according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the like sensors in more than two layers of multi-dimensional information acquisition units are positioned in correspondence with each other between the inner and outer layers.
7. The method for detecting and locating hydrogen leakage in open space of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the outer multi-dimensional information collecting unit is adjustable according to the wind direction information obtained by the anemometer, and the sensor of the outer multi-dimensional information collecting unit located at the upwind direction can be shifted to be located at the downwind direction.
8. The method for detecting and locating hydrogen leakage in open space of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the outer multi-dimensional information collecting unit is adjustable according to the wind direction information obtained by the anemometer, and the sensor of the outer multi-dimensional information collecting unit located at the upwind direction can be shifted to be located at the downwind direction.
9. The method for detecting and locating hydrogen leakage in open space according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the collection control terminal can adopt a microprocessor or a portable computer built in the sensor and the anemometer of the multi-dimensional information collection unit, and the microprocessor or the portable computer can be connected with an alarm for real-time early warning of hydrogen leakage.
10. A method for hydrogen leak detection and location in open spaces according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the leak detection and location method is also applicable to natural gas, methane or other toxic and harmful gases.
CN202210751488.6A 2022-06-28 Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space Active CN115265962B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210751488.6A CN115265962B (en) 2022-06-28 Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210751488.6A CN115265962B (en) 2022-06-28 Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning method for open space

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115265962A true CN115265962A (en) 2022-11-01
CN115265962B CN115265962B (en) 2023-05-23

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