CN115265212B - Hydrogen fuel combustion system of ceramic kiln and energy-saving process - Google Patents

Hydrogen fuel combustion system of ceramic kiln and energy-saving process Download PDF

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CN115265212B
CN115265212B CN202210865340.5A CN202210865340A CN115265212B CN 115265212 B CN115265212 B CN 115265212B CN 202210865340 A CN202210865340 A CN 202210865340A CN 115265212 B CN115265212 B CN 115265212B
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hydrogen
oxygen
ceramic kiln
ceramic
kiln
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CN115265212A (en
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黄阔
陈国宇
陈立玲
黄允生
郑桂兴
梁慧轩
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GUANGZHOU ENERGY DETECTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C25B1/042—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/085—Removing impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/003—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/005—Drying-steam generating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/03—Charges containing minerals
    • F27M2001/035—China

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel combustion system and a hydrogen fuel combustion process for a ceramic kiln, wherein the system comprises a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and a water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; the water vapor in the electrolytic water vapor hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is generated after clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit is heated by the heat exchanger I and the heat exchanger II; the heat sources of the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger I are derived from waste steam of a preheating section and waste steam of a cooling section of the ceramic kiln, and water obtained by condensing the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section enters a water supply and treatment unit again for recycling; the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor hydrogen and oxygen producing unit are fully mixed in the premixer according to the oxygen-enriched combustion requirement ratio and then burnt, and superheated vapor is produced to dry the ceramic product. The invention realizes the utilization of hydrogen energy in the ceramic kiln and solves the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln.

Description

Hydrogen fuel combustion system of ceramic kiln and energy-saving process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction of ceramic kilns, in particular to a hydrogen fuel combustion system and an energy conservation process of a ceramic kiln.
Background
The main energy force for realizing the aim of carbon neutralization of the ceramic kiln is hydrogen energy and electric power for receiving renewable energy sources. In addition, the ceramic kiln adopts natural gas as fuel, and the pollution problems of high combustion temperature, high emission of nitrogen oxides and the like are very easy to occur due to high heat value of the natural gas, so that the problem needs to be solved.
In addition, the waste heat of the ceramic kiln is not fully utilized, and the energy consumption of the ceramic kiln is high.
One way to solve the difficult problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of ceramic kiln is to combine hydrogen energy and electric energy. The method comprises the steps of preparing hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing high-temperature steam generated by waste heat of waste steam of an electric energy electrolysis ceramic kiln, then conveying the generated hydrogen and oxygen to the ceramic kiln for oxygen-enriched combustion to generate superheated steam, and coupling the waste heat in a cascade manner by utilizing the technology of the waste heat of the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam to form closed circulation so as to realize zero pollution emission. Therefore, how to successfully apply hydrogen energy to ceramic kilns as an ultimate clean energy source has become a problem to be solved.
Patent document CN114166020A discloses a special biomass combustion system and technology for a ceramic roller kiln, the scheme adopts high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas and hot air discharged by the ceramic roller kiln as gasifying agents of a biomass gasifier, and reduces the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides of the kiln while improving the gasification efficiency of the biomass gasifier; the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the ceramic roller kiln is utilized to heat the liquid pentane and the biomass fuel gas, so that the liquid pentane is gasified into gaseous pentane and then is uniformly mixed with the biomass fuel gas in a fuel gas main pipe, the heat value of the fuel gas is effectively improved, and the heat value of the natural gas can be basically reached. But this solution is not applicable to hydrogen fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem existing in the background technology, the invention provides a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln and an energy-saving process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the ceramic kiln comprises a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section, wherein the system comprises a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and a water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit;
the water vapor in the electrolytic water vapor hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is generated after clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit is heated by the heat exchanger I and the heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from waste steam of a preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from waste steam of the preheating section and waste steam of a cooling section, and water obtained by condensing the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section enters a water supply and treatment unit again for recycling;
and the hydrogen and the oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit are mixed and then burnt in a ceramic kiln combustion section to generate superheated vapor.
Further, the hydrogen and the oxygen are combined in the ceramic kiln by adopting an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology.
Further, the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit respectively enter a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes and oxygen branch pipes are respectively arranged in the hydrogen main pipe and the oxygen main pipe, and one hydrogen branch pipe and one oxygen branch pipe are connected to a premixer so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the oxygen-enriched combustion requirement ratio, and then are introduced into a gas burner in a combustion section of the ceramic kiln after being mixed.
Further, electric air doors are arranged in the hydrogen branch pipe and the oxygen branch pipe so as to regulate the flow and control the hydrogen-oxygen ratio to be unchanged.
Further, the hydrogen and the oxygen adopt full-automatic linkage control, and the flow of the hydrogen and the oxygen is automatically regulated according to the temperature of the ceramic kiln, so that the constant temperature of the kiln is maintained.
Further, a solenoid valve is arranged in a pipeline between the premixer and the gas burner.
Further, the hydrogen main pipe is connected with the external hydrogen supply coupling unit so as to be supplied by the external hydrogen supply coupling unit under the condition of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen.
Further, the oxygen manifold is connected with the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit to be supplied by the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit in case of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic oxygen.
Further, the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit provides electric energy through the electric energy supply unit.
Further, the ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen in the premixer is 1:0.6-1:0.7.
The invention also provides a ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion energy-saving process, which is based on the ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system and comprises the following steps:
the ceramic product adopts a superheated steam drying technology in the ceramic kiln drying process;
the hydrogen electrolyzed by the water vapor hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is combined with an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology in a combustion section of the ceramic kiln;
waste heat of exhaust smoke of hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner;
the waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, and the higher the temperature of steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis;
the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen combustion system are combined and applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the superheated steam drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated steam drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated steam drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m) 2 K) and the heat transfer coefficient of the hot air drying generated by the combustion of natural gas is only 20-50W/(m) 2 K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times that of hot air, and the superheated steam can provide higher heat flow density, so that the heat transfer effect is more obvious; in the whole drying process of the ceramic product, almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist, and on the basis of a vapor-liquid mass transfer double-film theory, the resistance of removing the water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product is negligible due to the adoption of superheated vapor drying, and the superheated vapor drying has no film mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation and movement of the moisture from the surface of the ceramic product is driven by the volumetric flow power generated by the pressure difference of the liquid flow, and compared with the drying of natural gas combustion hot air driven by mass diffusion, the mass transfer effect is more remarkable, and the drying rate of the ceramic product is remarkably improved. Overall, superheated steamThe energy consumption of the unit product of the steam drying technology applied to the ceramic product is only 1/3-1/5 of the energy consumption of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable.
2. The oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology are combined, so that the combustion utilization efficiency is higher; the high-temperature steam generated by the waste heat of the waste steam of the electric energy electrolytic ceramic kiln is used for preparing hydrogen and oxygen, and then is conveyed through a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, fully mixed in a pre-mixer according to a proportion and then enters a nozzle. The oxygen content is high, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy through oxygen-enriched combustion is very high; in addition, the heat efficiency of premixed combustion is far higher than that of diffusion combustion, and the energy consumption can be further reduced. When the ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1:0.6-1:0.7, the oxygen-enriched combustion and the premixed combustion effect are optimal, and the superheated steam with the temperature of 1500 ℃ and above can be generated.
3. Waste heat of exhaust smoke of hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas dries and takes away the vapor of the ceramic product, the formed exhaust gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) contains a large amount of latent heat of the vapor and sensible heat of hot air, and is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The waste superheated steam after drying the ceramic product is utilized in a gradient way, and the latent heat of the waste superheated steam is recovered by adopting condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit to form high-temperature water steam, and the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit without being discharged to the outside. Therefore, the recovery and utilization of the superheated steam drying waste heat are thorough, and the heat efficiency is higher.
4. Quantitatively metering hydrogen and oxygen in proportion and automatically controlling linkage; electric air doors of simple measuring devices are arranged on the hydrogen pipeline and the oxygen pipeline of the premixer and are used for accurately adjusting the flow and ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen ratio is kept unchanged. The hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled by full-automatic linkage, so that the hydrogen is shut down, the oxygen is also shut down, the kiln temperature can be kept for a long time, and a large amount of fuel is saved. Simultaneously, the flow of hydrogen and oxygen is automatically regulated according to the temperature of the kiln, and the temperature of the kiln is kept constant; the hydrogen and oxygen flow supplies are reduced when the kiln temperature is above a prescribed value and increased when the kiln temperature is below the prescribed value.
5. The waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, and the higher the temperature of steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis; the clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit is subjected to heat exchange with the 300 ℃ high Wen Feiqi discharged from the cooling section of the ceramic kiln in the heat exchanger I, and is subjected to heat exchange with the 500-600 ℃ high Wen Feiqi discharged from the preheating section in the heat exchanger II, so that the higher the temperature of the water vapor generated after the clean water absorbs heat, the higher the electrolysis efficiency. The waste heat of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient way, so that the generation of water vapor with higher temperature is facilitated, and the less electric energy is required during the electrolysis of the water vapor.
6. The ceramic kiln is combined with the hydrogen energy for use, the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen energy combustion system are combined for drying ceramic products, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted to solve the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of heat and mass transfer of a hot air dried ceramic product;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of heat and mass transfer of a superheated steam dried ceramic article;
in the figure: 1. a water supply and treatment unit; 2. a high-temperature water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit; 3. an electric power supply unit; 4. a hydrogen manifold; 5. an oxygen manifold; 6. a hydrogen manifold; 7. an oxygen manifold; 8. a premixer; 9. a burner; 10. an electromagnetic valve; 11. an external hydrogen supply coupling unit; 12. an external oxygen supply/air coupling unit; 13. an electric damper; 14. a hydrogen purifier; 15. an oxygen purifier; 16. a hydrogen buffer tank; 17. an oxygen buffer tank; 18. a flame arrester; 19. a steam exhaust fan; 100. ceramic kiln.
Detailed Description
Examples:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and signal connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, so to speak, the two elements are communicated internally. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the terms described above are in the specific sense of the present invention. The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the hydrogen fuel combustion system for a ceramic kiln 100 provided in this embodiment includes a cooling section, a combustion section, and a preheating section; the system mainly comprises a water supply and treatment unit 1, a heat exchanger and a high-temperature electrolysis water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2.
Wherein, the water vapor in the high-temperature water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit 2 is generated after clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit 1 is heated by the heat exchanger I and the heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from waste steam of a preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from waste steam of the preheating section and waste steam of a cooling section, and water after condensation of the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section enters the water supply and treatment unit 1 again for recycling under the action of the exhaust and pumping action of the exhaust fan 19. Thus, the waste heat of the exhaust smoke generated by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln can be utilized in a gradient manner; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas dries and takes away the vapor of the ceramic product, the formed exhaust gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) contains a large amount of latent heat of the vapor and sensible heat of hot air, and is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The waste superheated steam after drying the ceramic products is utilized in a gradient way, the latent heat of the waste superheated steam is recovered by condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit 2 to form high-temperature water steam, and the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit without being discharged to the outside. Therefore, the recovery and utilization of the superheated steam drying waste heat are thorough, and the heat efficiency is higher.
The hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit 2 are mixed and then burnt in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln, so that superheated vapor is generated, that is, the superheated vapor drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated vapor drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated vapor drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m) 2 K) and the heat transfer coefficient of the hot air drying generated by the combustion of natural gas is only 20-50W/(m) 2 K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times that of hot air, and the superheated steam can provide higher heat flow density, so that the heat transfer effect is more obvious; as shown in fig. 3, in the whole drying process of the ceramic product, almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist, and on the basis of a vapor-liquid mass transfer double-film theory, the resistance of removing water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product is negligible due to the adoption of superheated vapor drying, and the superheated vapor drying has no film mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation and movement of the moisture from the surface of the ceramic product is driven by the volumetric flow power generated by the pressure difference of the liquid flow, and compared with the drying of the natural gas combustion hot air shown in fig. 2, the mass transfer effect is also more remarkable, and the drying rate of the ceramic product is remarkably improved. In the whole, the energy consumption of the unit product of the superheated steam drying technology applied to the ceramic product is only 1/3-1/5 of the energy consumption of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable. Meanwhile, the hydrogen energy is used as an ultimate clean energy source, so that the utilization of the hydrogen energy in the ceramic kiln is realized, the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln are solved, and transformation and upgrading of the ceramic industry are facilitated.
As a preference of this embodiment, the hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a ceramic kiln using an oxy-combustion technique and a premixed combustion technique. The hydrogen and the oxygen are combined in the ceramic kiln by adopting an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology, the oxygen-enriched combustion has the advantage of high comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and the premixed combustion has the advantage of high thermal efficiency compared with the diffusion combustion.
In a specific embodiment, the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolysis of water vapor are subjected to deep adsorption drying treatment by a hydrogen purifier 14 and an oxygen purifier 15 respectively to obtain high-purity hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen purifier and the oxygen purifier are welded in a tubular shape by rolling stainless steel plates, and a deoxidized molecular sieve and a dehydrogenated molecular sieve are respectively arranged in the hydrogen purifier and the oxygen purifier; the hydrogen and oxygen after purification treatment enter a hydrogen buffer tank 16 and an oxygen buffer tank 17 respectively, the fluctuation of the hydrogen and oxygen delivery pressure is relieved through the buffer tank, the working pressure of the system is more stable, finally, the hydrogen and oxygen enter a hydrogen main pipe 4 and an oxygen main pipe 5, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes 6 and oxygen branch pipes 7 are respectively arranged in the hydrogen main pipe 4 and the oxygen main pipe 5, one hydrogen branch pipe 6 and one oxygen branch pipe 7 are connected to a premixer 8 (a ceramic kiln is generally provided with more than 20 combustion areas (three areas are drawn in a schematic view), each area is intensively provided with one premixer 8 so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the oxygen-enriched combustion requirement proportion, the inventor finds that the ratio of the hydrogen and the oxygen in the premixer ranges from 1:0.6 to 1:0.7, the oxygen-enriched combustion and the premixing combustion effect is optimal, the overheat steam at 1500 ℃ and above can be generated, and then the mixed is introduced into a gas burner 9 in a ceramic kiln combustion section through a flame arrester 18.
As another preferable example of the present embodiment, the hydrogen manifold 4 is connected to the external hydrogen supply coupling unit 11 to be supplied through the external hydrogen supply coupling unit 11 in the case of insufficient electric power or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen; the oxygen manifold 5 is connected to an external oxygen supply/air coupling unit 12 for supplying the same via the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit 12 in the event of an insufficient electrical energy or an insufficient electrolysis of oxygen.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the superheated steam drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated steam drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated steam drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m) 2 K) and the heat transfer coefficient of the hot air drying generated by the combustion of natural gas is only 20-50W/(m) 2 K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times that of hot air, and the superheated steam can provide larger drying capacityThe heat flux density and the heat transfer effect are more obvious; in the whole drying process of the ceramic product, almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist, and on the basis of a vapor-liquid mass transfer double-film theory, the resistance of removing the water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product is negligible due to the adoption of superheated vapor drying, and the superheated vapor drying has no film mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation and movement of the moisture from the surface of the ceramic product is driven by the volumetric flow power generated by the pressure difference of the liquid flow, and compared with the drying of natural gas combustion hot air driven by mass diffusion, the mass transfer effect is more remarkable, and the drying rate of the ceramic product is remarkably improved. In the whole, the energy consumption of the unit product of the superheated steam drying technology applied to the ceramic product is only 1/3-1/5 of the energy consumption of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable.
2. The oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology are combined, so that the combustion utilization efficiency is higher; the high-temperature steam generated by the waste heat of the waste steam of the electric energy electrolytic ceramic kiln is used for preparing hydrogen and oxygen, and then is conveyed through a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, fully mixed in a pre-mixer according to a proportion and then enters a nozzle. The oxygen content is high, so that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy through oxygen-enriched combustion is very high; in addition, the heat efficiency of premixed combustion is far higher than that of diffusion combustion, and the energy consumption can be further reduced. When the ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1:0.6-1:0.7, the oxygen-enriched combustion and the premixed combustion effect are optimal, and the superheated steam with the temperature of 1500 ℃ and above can be generated.
3. The waste heat of the exhaust smoke waste gas generated by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, and the waste heat is recovered by 100%, so that the heat loss of the exhaust smoke waste gas is zero; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas dries and takes away the vapor of the ceramic product, the formed exhaust gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) contains a large amount of latent heat of the vapor and sensible heat of hot air, and is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The waste superheated steam after drying the ceramic product is utilized in a gradient way, and the latent heat of the waste superheated steam is recovered by adopting condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit to form high-temperature water steam, and the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit without being discharged to the outside. Therefore, the recovery and utilization of the superheated steam drying waste heat are thorough, and the heat efficiency is higher.
4. Quantitatively metering hydrogen and oxygen in proportion and automatically controlling linkage; electric air doors of simple measuring devices are arranged on the hydrogen pipeline and the oxygen pipeline of the premixer and are used for accurately adjusting the flow and ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen ratio is kept unchanged. The hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled by full-automatic linkage, so that the hydrogen is shut down, the oxygen is also shut down, the kiln temperature can be kept for a long time, and a large amount of fuel is saved. Simultaneously, the flow of hydrogen and oxygen is automatically regulated according to the temperature of the kiln, and the temperature of the kiln is kept constant; the hydrogen and oxygen flow supplies are reduced when the kiln temperature is above a prescribed value and increased when the kiln temperature is below the prescribed value.
5. The waste heat echelon utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology; the clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit is subjected to heat exchange with the 300 ℃ high Wen Feiqi discharged from the cooling section of the ceramic kiln in the heat exchanger I, and is subjected to heat exchange with the 500-600 ℃ high Wen Feiqi discharged from the preheating section in the heat exchanger II, so that the higher the temperature of water vapor generated after the clean water absorbs heat, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis. The waste heat of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient way, so that the generation of water vapor with higher temperature is facilitated, and the less electric energy is required during the electrolysis of the water vapor.
6. The ceramic kiln is combined with the hydrogen energy utilization, the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen energy combustion system are combined and applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted, so that the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln are solved, and transformation and upgrading of the ceramic industry are facilitated.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The ceramic kiln comprises a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section, and is characterized by comprising a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and an electrolytic water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit;
the water vapor in the electrolytic water vapor hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is generated after clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit is heated by the heat exchanger I and the heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from waste steam of a preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from waste steam of the preheating section and waste steam of a cooling section, and water obtained by condensing the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section enters a water supply and treatment unit again for recycling;
the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit are mixed and then burnt in a ceramic kiln combustion section to generate superheated vapor;
the hydrogen and the oxygen are combined in the ceramic kiln by adopting an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology;
the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit respectively enter a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes and oxygen branch pipes are respectively arranged in the hydrogen main pipe and the oxygen main pipe, one hydrogen branch pipe and one oxygen branch pipe are connected to a premixer, so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the oxygen-enriched combustion requirement ratio, and the mixed hydrogen and oxygen are introduced into a gas burner in a combustion section of the ceramic kiln;
the ratio range of the hydrogen to the oxygen in the premixer is 1:0.6-1:0.7.
2. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1, wherein electric air doors are arranged in the hydrogen branch pipe and the oxygen branch pipe to adjust the flow and control the hydrogen-oxygen ratio to be unchanged.
3. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 2, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen are controlled by a fully automatic linkage, and the flow of the hydrogen and oxygen gas is automatically regulated according to the temperature of the ceramic kiln to maintain the temperature of the kiln constant.
4. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1 wherein a solenoid valve is disposed in the conduit between the premixer and the gas burner.
5. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen manifold is connected to the external hydrogen supply coupling unit for replenishment by the external hydrogen supply coupling unit in the event of insufficient electrical energy or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen.
6. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1 or 5, wherein the oxygen manifold is connected to an external oxygen supply/air coupling unit for replenishment by the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit in the event of insufficient electrical energy or insufficient electrolytic oxygen.
7. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion process based on the ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1, characterized in that the process comprises:
the ceramic product adopts a superheated steam drying technology in the ceramic kiln drying process;
the hydrogen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is combined with an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology in a combustion section of the ceramic kiln;
waste heat of exhaust smoke of hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner;
the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen combustion system are combined and applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted.
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