CN115265212A - Ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system and energy-saving process - Google Patents
Ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system and energy-saving process Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
- C25B1/042—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/003—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln and an energy-saving process, wherein the system comprises a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolyzing water vapor; the water vapor in the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by water vapor electrolysis is generated by heating clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit through a heat exchanger I and a heat exchanger II; the heat sources of the heat exchanger II and the heat exchanger I are derived from waste steam of a preheating section and waste steam of a cooling section of the ceramic kiln, water obtained after the waste steam is condensed enters the water supply and treatment unit again for cyclic utilization, and the waste heat of the waste steam is recovered by 100%; the waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, the higher the temperature of the steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis; hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit are fully mixed and combusted in the premixer according to the oxygen-enriched combustion requirement proportion to generate superheated steam for drying ceramic products, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted to realize zero pollution emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction of ceramic kilns, in particular to a hydrogen fuel combustion system and an energy-saving process of a ceramic kiln.
Background
The energy resource which is used for replacing coal and natural gas and is realized by the carbon neutralization target of the ceramic kiln is mainly hydrogen energy and electric power which can accept renewable energy. In addition, natural gas is used as fuel in the ceramic kiln, and the pollution problems such as overhigh combustion temperature, overhigh discharge amount of nitrogen oxides and the like are very easy to occur due to higher heat value of the natural gas, so that the problem needs to be solved urgently.
In addition, the waste heat of the ceramic kiln furnace is not fully utilized, and the energy consumption of the ceramic kiln furnace is high.
One method for solving the industrial problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln is to use hydrogen energy and electric energy together. The method is characterized in that high-temperature steam generated by waste steam waste heat of the electric energy electrolytic ceramic kiln is utilized to prepare hydrogen and oxygen, then the generated hydrogen and oxygen are conveyed to the ceramic kiln for oxygen-enriched combustion to generate superheated steam, and the waste heat gradient utilization and the electric energy electrolytic high-temperature steam technology are coupled to form closed circulation to realize zero pollution emission. Therefore, hydrogen energy is used as an ultimate clean energy source, and how to successfully apply the hydrogen energy to the ceramic kiln becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The patent document CN114166020a discloses a biomass combustion system and a process special for a ceramic roller kiln, the scheme adopts high-temperature low-oxygen flue gas and hot air discharged by the ceramic roller kiln as gasifying agents of a biomass gasifier, and the discharging concentration of nitrogen oxides in the kiln is reduced while the gasifying efficiency of the biomass gasifier is improved; the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the ceramic roller kiln is utilized to heat the liquid pentane and the biomass fuel gas, so that the liquid pentane is gasified into gaseous pentane and then is uniformly mixed with the biomass fuel gas in the fuel gas main pipe, the heat value of the fuel gas is effectively improved, and the heat value of natural gas can be basically achieved. But this solution is not applicable to hydrogen fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background art, the invention provides a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln and an energy-saving process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln comprises a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section, wherein the system comprises a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolyzing water vapor;
the water vapor in the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolyzing the water vapor comes from the clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit and is generated after being heated by the heat exchanger I and the heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from waste steam at the preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from waste steam at the preheating section and waste steam at the cooling section, and water obtained after condensation of the waste steam at the preheating section and the waste steam at the cooling section enters the water supply and treatment unit again for cyclic utilization;
the hydrogen and the oxygen electrolyzed by the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by water vapor electrolysis are mixed and then combusted in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln to generate superheated steam.
Further, the hydrogen and the oxygen are combined by an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology in the ceramic kiln.
Furthermore, hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit respectively enter a hydrogen and oxygen main pipe, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes and oxygen branch pipes are respectively arranged in the hydrogen and oxygen main pipes, and one hydrogen branch pipe and one oxygen branch pipe are connected to a premixer, so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the proportion required by oxygen-enriched combustion, and are introduced into a gas burner in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln after being mixed.
Further, electric dampers are arranged in the hydrogen branch pipe and the oxygen branch pipe respectively to adjust the flow rate and control the hydrogen-oxygen ratio to be kept unchanged.
Further, the hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled in a full-automatic linkage manner, the gas flow of the hydrogen and the oxygen is automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the ceramic kiln, and the constant furnace temperature is maintained.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic valve is arranged in a pipeline between the premixer and the gas burner.
Further, the hydrogen manifold is connected with the external hydrogen supply coupling unit so as to be supplied by the external hydrogen supply coupling unit under the condition of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen.
Further, the oxygen manifold is connected with the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit so as to be supplied by the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit under the condition of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic oxygen.
Further, the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by water vapor electrolysis provides electric energy through the electric energy supply unit.
Further, the hydrogen and oxygen gases are present in the premixer at a ratio ranging from 1.6 to 1.
The invention also provides a ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion energy-saving process, which is based on the ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system and comprises the following steps:
the ceramic product adopts a superheated steam drying technology in the drying process of the ceramic kiln;
hydrogen electrolyzed by the water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit is combined with the oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln;
the waste heat of the waste gas exhausted by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, the waste heat is recovered by 100 percent, and the heat loss of the waste gas exhausted by the ceramic kiln is zero;
the waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, the higher the temperature of the steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis;
the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen combustion system are combined to be applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted to realize zero pollution emission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the superheated steam drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated steam drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated steam drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m)2K) and the heat transfer coefficient of hot air drying generated by natural gas combustion is only 20-50W/(m)2K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times of that of hot air, the superheated steam drying can provide larger heat flow density, and the heat transfer effect is more obvious; almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist in the whole drying process of the ceramic product, and based on the vapor-liquid mass transfer double-membrane theory, the resistance of removing water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product can be ignored due to the adoption of superheated steam drying, and the superheated steam drying has no gas membrane mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation and movement of the moisture of the ceramic product from the surface is promoted by the volume flow power generated by the pressure difference of the liquid flow, compared with the promotion of the hot air drying by the combustion of natural gas through the diffusion of the mass, the mass transfer effect is more remarkable, and the drying rate of the ceramic product is remarkably improved. In a whole, the superheated steam drying technology is applied to the ceramic product, the energy consumption of the unit product is only 1/3-1/5 of that of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is obvious.
2. The oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology are combined, so that the combustion utilization efficiency is higher; after hydrogen and oxygen are prepared by utilizing high-temperature steam generated by waste steam waste heat of the electric electrolytic ceramic kiln, the hydrogen and the oxygen are conveyed through a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, are fully mixed in a premixer according to a proportion and then enter a nozzle. Due to the high oxygen content, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy through oxygen-enriched combustion is very high; in addition, the heat efficiency of premixed combustion is far higher than that of diffusion combustion, and the energy consumption can be further reduced. When the proportion of hydrogen and oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1.
3. The waste heat of the waste gas exhausted by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, the waste heat is recovered by 100 percent, and the heat loss of the waste gas exhausted by the ceramic kiln is zero; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas is dried to take away the water vapor of the ceramic product, the formed flue gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) containing a large amount of latent heat of water vapor and sensible heat of hot air is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The superheated steam waste steam after drying the ceramic products is subjected to echelon utilization, latent heat of the superheated steam waste steam is recovered by adopting condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit to form high-temperature water steam, the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit, the external discharge is not needed, and the waste heat is recovered by 100%. Therefore, the superheated steam drying waste heat is recycled thoroughly, the heat efficiency is higher, and the waste steam heat loss is zero.
4. Quantitatively metering hydrogen and oxygen in proportion and automatically performing interlocking control; and electric air doors of simple measuring devices are arranged on hydrogen and oxygen pipelines of the premixer and are used for accurately adjusting the flow rate and ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen ratio is kept unchanged. The hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled in a full-automatic linkage manner, so that the hydrogen is shut down, the oxygen is also shut down, the temperature of the furnace can be kept for a long time, and a large amount of fuel is saved. Meanwhile, the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen are automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the kiln, and the furnace temperature is kept constant; the hydrogen and oxygen flow supplies are reduced when the kiln temperature is above a specified value and increased when the kiln temperature is below the specified value.
5. The waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, the higher the temperature of the steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis; clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit exchanges heat with high-temperature waste steam at 300 ℃ discharged from a cooling section of the ceramic kiln in the heat exchanger I, and continuously exchanges heat with high-temperature waste steam at 500-600 ℃ discharged from a preheating section in the heat exchanger II, and the higher the temperature of steam generated after the clean water absorbs heat, the higher the electrolysis efficiency. The waste heat of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, so that the steam with higher temperature can be generated, and the electric energy required by electrolyzing the steam is less.
6. The ceramic kiln is combined with hydrogen energy utilization, and zero pollution emission is realized through closed circulation; the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen energy combustion system are combined to be applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted to realize zero pollution emission and solve the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of heat and mass transfer of hot air dried ceramic articles;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of mass and heat transfer of a superheated steam dried ceramic article;
in the figure: 1. a water supply and treatment unit; 2. a hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolyzing water vapor at high temperature; 3. an electric power supply unit; 4. a hydrogen header pipe; 5. an oxygen main pipe; 6. a hydrogen manifold; 7. an oxygen branch pipe; 8. a premixer; 9. burning a nozzle; 10. an electromagnetic valve; 11. An external hydrogen supply coupling unit; 12. an external oxygen supply/air coupling unit; 13. an electric damper; 14. a hydrogen purifier; 15. an oxygen purifier; 16. a hydrogen buffer tank; 17. an oxygen buffer tank; 18. a flame arrestor; 19. a steam exhaust fan; 100. a ceramic kiln.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection and signal connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, so to speak, as communicating between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, in the hydrogen fuel combustion system of the ceramic kiln provided in the embodiment, the ceramic kiln 100 includes a cooling section, a combustion section, and a preheating section; the system mainly comprises a water supply and treatment unit 1, a heat exchanger and a high-temperature hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 by electrolyzing water vapor.
Wherein, the water vapor in the high-temperature electrolysis water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 is generated by heating clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit 1 through a heat exchanger I and a heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from the waste steam of the preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section, and water obtained after condensation of the waste steam of the preheating section and the waste steam of the cooling section enters the water supply and treatment unit 1 again for recycling under the exhaust and pumping action of the exhaust fan 19. Therefore, the waste heat of the waste gas exhausted by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln can be utilized in a gradient manner, the waste heat is recovered by 100 percent, and the heat loss of the waste gas exhausted by the smoke is zero; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas is dried to take away the water vapor of the ceramic product, the formed smoke exhaust gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) contains a large amount of latent heat of the water vapor and sensible heat of hot air, and is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The superheated steam waste steam after drying the ceramic products is subjected to echelon utilization, latent heat of the superheated steam waste steam is recovered through condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit 2 to form high-temperature water steam, the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit, the external discharge is not needed, and the waste heat is recovered by 100%. Therefore, the superheated steam drying waste heat is recycled thoroughly, the heat efficiency is higher, and the waste steam heat loss is zero.
The hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 are mixed and then combusted in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln, thereby generating superheated steam, namely, the superheated steam drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated steam drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated steam drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m & ltm & gt)2K) and the heat transfer coefficient of hot air drying generated by natural gas combustion is only 20-50W/(m)2K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times of that of hot air, the superheated steam drying can provide larger heat flow density, and the heat transfer effect is more obvious; as shown in fig. 3, almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist during the whole drying process of the ceramic product, and based on the vapor-liquid mass transfer double-membrane theory, the resistance of removing water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product is negligible due to the adoption of superheated steam drying, and the superheated steam drying has no gas membrane mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation of water from the surface of the ceramic article is produced by the pressure difference of the liquid flowThe raw volume flow power is used for pushing, compared with the natural gas combustion hot air drying shown in figure 2, the mass transfer effect is more obvious, and the drying speed of the ceramic product is obviously improved. In a whole, the superheated steam drying technology is applied to the ceramic product, the energy consumption of the unit product is only 1/3-1/5 of that of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is obvious. Meanwhile, hydrogen energy is used as an ultimate clean energy source, so that the utilization of the hydrogen energy in the ceramic kiln is realized, the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln are solved, and the transformation and the upgrading of the ceramic industry are facilitated.
As a preference of the embodiment, the hydrogen and the oxygen are combined by an oxygen-enriched combustion technology and a premixed combustion technology in the ceramic kiln. The oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology are combined in the ceramic kiln, the oxygen-enriched combustion has the advantage of high comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and the premixed combustion has the advantage of high thermal efficiency compared with the diffusion combustion.
In a specific embodiment, the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the hydrogen and oxygen production unit by water vapor electrolysis are subjected to deep adsorption drying treatment by a hydrogen purifier 14 and an oxygen purifier 15 respectively to obtain high-purity hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the hydrogen purifier and the oxygen purifier are formed by rolling stainless steel plates into tubes for welding, and the inside of the hydrogen purifier and the oxygen purifier are respectively provided with a dehydrogenation molecular sieve and a dehydrogenation molecular sieve; the purified hydrogen and oxygen respectively enter a hydrogen buffer tank 16 and an oxygen buffer tank 17, the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen and oxygen delivery is relieved through the buffer tanks, the system working pressure is more stable, and finally the purified hydrogen and oxygen enter a hydrogen main pipe 4 and an oxygen main pipe 5, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes 6 and oxygen branch pipes 7 are respectively arranged in the hydrogen main pipe 4 and the oxygen main pipe 5, the hydrogen branch pipes 6 and the oxygen branch pipes 7 are connected to a premixer 8 (a ceramic kiln generally has 20 combustion zones (the schematic diagram shows three zones), each zone is intensively provided with one premixer 8, so that the hydrogen and the oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the proportion required by oxygen-enriched combustion; the inventor finds in an accidental experiment that when the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1.
As another preferred mode of the present embodiment, the hydrogen manifold 4 is connected to the external hydrogen supply coupling unit 11, so as to supply the hydrogen through the external hydrogen supply coupling unit 11 in case of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen; the oxygen manifold 5 is connected to the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit 12, so that in the case of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic oxygen, the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit 12 supplies the oxygen.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the superheated steam drying technology is applied to ceramic products, the superheated steam drying heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency is high, and the superheated steam drying heat transfer coefficient is 200-500W/(m)2K) and the heat transfer coefficient of hot air drying generated by natural gas combustion is only 20-50W/(m)2K); in addition, the steam has higher specific heat capacity which is 2 times of that of hot air, the superheated steam drying can provide larger heat flow density, and the heat transfer effect is more obvious; almost only liquid water and water vapor molecules exist in the whole drying process of the ceramic product, and based on the vapor-liquid mass transfer double-membrane theory, the resistance of removing water vapor from the surface of the ceramic product can be ignored due to the adoption of superheated steam drying, and the superheated steam drying has no gas membrane mass transfer resistance. It can be seen that the evaporation and movement of the moisture of the ceramic product from the surface is promoted by the volume flow power generated by the pressure difference of the liquid flow, compared with the promotion of the hot air drying by the combustion of natural gas through the diffusion of the mass, the mass transfer effect is more remarkable, and the drying rate of the ceramic product is remarkably improved. Overall, superheated steam dryingThe technology is applied to ceramic products, the energy consumption of unit products is only 1/3-1/5 of that of hot air drying, and the energy-saving effect is obvious.
2. The oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology are combined, so that the combustion utilization efficiency is higher; after hydrogen and oxygen are prepared by utilizing high-temperature steam generated by waste heat of electric energy electrolysis ceramic kiln waste steam, the high-temperature steam is conveyed through a hydrogen main pipe and an oxygen main pipe, and is fully mixed in a premixer according to a proportion and then enters a nozzle. Due to the high oxygen content, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy through oxygen-enriched combustion is very high; in addition, the heat efficiency of premixed combustion is far higher than that of diffusion combustion, and the energy consumption can be further reduced. When the proportion of hydrogen and oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1.
3. The waste heat of the waste gas exhausted by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, the waste heat is recovered by 100 percent, and the heat loss of the waste gas exhausted by the ceramic kiln is zero; after the hot air generated by the combustion of natural gas is dried to take away the water vapor of the ceramic product, the formed smoke exhaust gas (generally higher than 200 ℃) contains a large amount of latent heat of the water vapor and sensible heat of hot air, and is difficult to recover and directly discharge. The superheated steam waste steam after drying the ceramic products is subjected to echelon utilization, latent heat of the superheated steam waste steam is recovered by adopting condensation heat exchange and is used for heating water generated by the water supply and treatment unit to form high-temperature water steam, the condensed water is reused after passing through the water supply and treatment unit, the external discharge is not needed, and the waste heat is recovered by 100%. Therefore, the superheated steam drying waste heat is recycled thoroughly, the heat efficiency is higher, and the waste steam heat loss is zero.
4. Quantitatively metering hydrogen and oxygen in proportion and automatically performing interlocking control; electric air doors of simple measuring devices are arranged on hydrogen and oxygen pipelines of the premixer and used for accurately adjusting flow and ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen ratio is kept unchanged. The hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled by a full-automatic chain, so that the hydrogen is shut down, the oxygen is also shut down, the temperature of the furnace can be kept for a long time, and a large amount of fuel is saved. Meanwhile, the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen are automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the kiln, and the temperature of the kiln is kept constant; the hydrogen and oxygen flow supplies are reduced when the kiln temperature is above a specified value and increased when the kiln temperature is below the specified value.
5. The waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology; clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit exchanges heat with high-temperature waste steam at 300 ℃ discharged from a cooling section of the ceramic kiln in the heat exchanger I, and continuously exchanges heat with high-temperature waste steam at 500-600 ℃ discharged from a preheating section in the heat exchanger II, and the higher the temperature of steam generated after the clean water absorbs heat, the less electric energy is required for electrolysis. The waste heat of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, so that the steam with higher temperature can be generated, and the electric energy required by electrolyzing the steam is less.
6. The ceramic kiln is combined with hydrogen energy utilization, and zero pollution emission is realized through closed circulation; the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen energy combustion system are combined to be applied to ceramic product drying, a closed cycle energy-saving process is adopted to realize zero pollution emission, the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission of the ceramic kiln are solved, and transformation and upgrading of the ceramic industry are facilitated.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen fuel combustion system of a ceramic kiln comprises a cooling section, a combustion section and a preheating section, and is characterized in that the system comprises a water supply and treatment unit, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen and oxygen production unit by electrolyzing water vapor;
the water vapor in the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit is generated by heating clean water generated by the water supply and treatment unit through a heat exchanger I and a heat exchanger II; the heat source of the heat exchanger II is derived from waste steam at the preheating section of the ceramic kiln, the heat source of the heat exchanger I is derived from waste steam at the preheating section and waste steam at the cooling section, and water obtained after condensation of the waste steam at the preheating section and the waste steam at the cooling section enters the water supply and treatment unit again for recycling;
the hydrogen and oxygen electrolyzed by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit are mixed and then combusted in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln to produce superheated steam.
2. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as defined in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the ceramic kiln using oxy-fuel combustion technology and premixed combustion technology.
3. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen generated by the water vapor electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit enter a hydrogen and oxygen main pipe respectively, a plurality of hydrogen branch pipes and oxygen branch pipes are arranged in the hydrogen and oxygen main pipe respectively, and one hydrogen branch pipe and one oxygen branch pipe are connected to a premixer, so that the hydrogen and oxygen are fully mixed in the premixer according to the proportion required by oxygen-enriched combustion and are introduced into a gas burner in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln after being mixed.
4. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 3, wherein electric dampers are installed in the hydrogen branch pipe and the oxygen branch pipe to adjust the flow rate and control the hydrogen-oxygen ratio to be constant.
5. The ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen are controlled by a fully automatic linkage, and the flow rate of the hydrogen and oxygen gas is automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the ceramic kiln, so as to maintain the temperature of the kiln constant.
6. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that a solenoid valve is provided in the conduit between the premixer and the gas burner.
7. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as defined in claim 3, wherein the hydrogen manifold is connected to the external hydrogen supply coupling unit for replenishment via the external hydrogen supply coupling unit in the event of insufficient electrical energy or insufficient electrolytic hydrogen.
8. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 3 or 7, characterized in that the oxygen manifold is connected with an external oxygen supply/air coupling unit for supplying by the external oxygen supply/air coupling unit in case of insufficient electric energy or insufficient electrolytic oxygen.
9. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in the premixer is in the range of 1.
10. A ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion energy-saving process based on the ceramic kiln hydrogen fuel combustion system of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ceramic product adopts a superheated steam drying technology in the drying process of the ceramic kiln;
hydrogen electrolyzed by the water vapor hydrogen and oxygen production unit is combined with the oxygen-enriched combustion technology and the premixed combustion technology in the combustion section of the ceramic kiln;
the waste heat of the waste gas exhausted by the hydrogen combustion of the ceramic kiln is utilized in a gradient manner, the waste heat is recovered by 100 percent, and the heat loss of the waste gas exhausted by the ceramic kiln is zero;
the waste heat gradient utilization of the ceramic kiln is coupled with the electric energy electrolysis high-temperature steam technology, and the higher the temperature of the steam generated by the waste heat gradient utilization is, the less electric energy is needed by electrolysis;
the ceramic kiln and the hydrogen combustion system are combined to be applied to ceramic product drying, and a closed circulation energy-saving process is adopted to realize zero pollution emission.
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