CN115264988B - Low-temperature structure of throttling refrigerator and coupled adsorption refrigerator and implementation method - Google Patents
Low-temperature structure of throttling refrigerator and coupled adsorption refrigerator and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115264988B CN115264988B CN202210811668.9A CN202210811668A CN115264988B CN 115264988 B CN115264988 B CN 115264988B CN 202210811668 A CN202210811668 A CN 202210811668A CN 115264988 B CN115264988 B CN 115264988B
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002371 helium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/10—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with inert gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/06—Superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature structure of a coupling adsorption refrigerator of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method thereof, the low-temperature structure comprises a throttling compressor unit, a JT throttling unit, a pulse tube compressor unit, a secondary pulse tube cold finger unit and an adsorption refrigerator unit. The throttling compressor unit is connected with the JT throttling unit, the pulse tube compressor unit and the secondary pulse tube cold finger unit through pipelines; the JT throttle unit is connected with the vascular cold finger unit through screw fastening. The JT throttling unit comprises a high-pressure pipeline, a low-pressure pipeline, a countercurrent heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a JT thermal switch, a supporting structure, an evaporator, a primary precooling heat exchanger, a secondary precooling heat exchanger, a primary cold screen, a secondary cold screen and a vacuum cavity; the pulse tube compressor unit comprises a pulse tube driving compressor and a phase modulation compressor; the adsorption refrigerator unit comprises an adsorption pump, a thermal switch, an intermediate heat exchanger, an evaporator and a cold end. The invention has the advantages of wide temperature range, simple structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low temperature, and particularly relates to a deep low temperature structure of a helium throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator for space and an implementation method.
Background
The vigorous development of aerospace science and technology provides great assistance for human exploration universe. The space refrigerating system is required to provide deep low temperature for deep space detectors such as superconducting quantum interference devices, superconducting photon detectors, millimeter and sub-millimeter wave detectors and the like, so that a high-reliability and long-service-life low temperature system is a necessary condition. In recent 30 years, a lot of space detection projects are developed in the countries such as the united states, the european union and japan, so that in order to reduce background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity and resolution of optical detectors such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), superconducting photon detectors (SNSPDs), superconducting terahertz detectors, millimeter-wave submillimeter-wave detection and the like, the detectors and the optical devices and electronic devices attached to the detectors often need to work in Sub-Kelvin-level deep low-temperature environments. The existing internationally adopted sub-Kelvin-level refrigeration technology mainly comprises an adsorption refrigerator, an adiabatic demagnetizing refrigerator and a dilution refrigerator. For space exploration tasks, the temperature is reduced from room temperature to 300mK, and a low-temperature system integrating a pulse tube pre-cooling JT throttling refrigerator and an adsorption refrigerator is a simpler and more reliable method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements of space refrigeration systems such as superconducting quantum interference devices, deep space detectors such as superconducting photon detectors and the like for providing mK-level temperature, the invention provides a deep low-temperature structure of a helium throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator for space and an implementation method. The device comprises a throttling compressor unit, a JT throttling unit, a pulse tube compressor unit, a secondary pulse tube cold finger unit and an adsorption refrigerator unit. The second-stage vascular cold finger unit provides precooling temperatures of 15-20K and 70-90K temperature areas for the JT throttling unit, and the JT throttling unit provides precooling temperatures lower than 6K for the adsorption refrigerator unit. The throttling compressor unit is connected with the JT throttling unit through a pipeline, and the pulse tube compressor unit is connected with the secondary pulse tube cold finger unit through a pipeline; the JT throttle unit is connected with the vascular cold finger unit through screw fastening. The JT throttling unit comprises a high-pressure pipeline, a low-pressure pipeline, a countercurrent heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a JT thermal switch, a supporting structure, an evaporator, a primary precooling heat exchanger, a secondary precooling heat exchanger, a primary cold screen, a secondary cold screen and a vacuum cavity; the pulse tube compressor unit comprises a pulse tube driving compressor and a phase modulation compressor; the secondary vascular cold finger unit comprises a primary vascular and a secondary vascular; the adsorption refrigerator unit comprises an adsorption pump, a thermal switch, an intermediate heat exchanger, an evaporator and a cold end. The invention has the advantages of low cold end temperature, high operability, short cooling time, large available temperature area and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a deep low-temperature structure of a helium throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator for space and an implementation method thereof, comprising a throttling compressor unit 1, a JT throttling unit 2, a pulse tube compressor unit 3, a secondary pulse tube cold finger unit 4 and an adsorption refrigerator unit 5. The throttle compressor unit 1 is driven by a direct current valve linear compressor unit, and has the advantages of oil free, high efficiency, long service life and high reliability. The JT throttling unit 2 comprises a low-pressure pipeline 2.1, a high-pressure pipeline 2.2, a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.3, a first-stage precooling heat exchanger 2.4, a second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.5, a second-stage precooling heat exchanger 2.6, a throttle valve 2.7, a JT thermal switch 2.8, a third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.9, a supporting structure 2.10, an evaporator 2.11, a first-stage cold screen 2.12, a second-stage cold screen 2.13 and a vacuum cavity 2.14, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight, compact structure, small mechanical vibration and the like. The pulse tube compressor unit 3 comprises a pulse tube main drive compressor 3.1 and a phase modulation compressor 3.2. The secondary pulse tube cold finger unit 4 comprises a primary pulse tube hot end 4.1, a secondary pulse tube hot end 4.2, a sealing flange 4.3, a primary pulse tube heat regenerator 4.4, a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator 4.5, an intermediate heat exchanger 4.6, a secondary pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device 4.7 and a secondary pulse tube cold head 4.8, and adopts an active phase modulation technology, thereby being beneficial to obtaining the optimal performance of pulse tubes and having the advantages of low temperature, high efficiency and the like. The adsorption refrigerator unit 5) comprises an adsorption pump 5.1, a thermal switch 5.2, an intermediate heat exchanger 5.3, an adsorption refrigerator evaporator 5.4 and a cold end 5.5. The thermal switch adopts an air gap type thermal switch and has the advantages of high switching ratio, no moving parts, compact structure and the like. Meanwhile, the adsorption type refrigerator is different from the traditional mechanical refrigerator in that the adsorption type refrigerator does not adopt a mechanical compressor for pressurization, but adopts an adsorption bed to realize the functions of air suction and air discharge, and has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability and light weight.
The invention has the advantages that: the deep low-temperature structure of the helium throttling refrigerator coupled adsorption refrigerator is combined by using a plurality of refrigeration modes, cold energy can be provided in a plurality of temperature areas, and the advantages of low temperature, wide refrigeration range and small mechanical vibration of the JT throttling refrigerator and the advantages of simple adsorption structure, high reliability and light weight are integrated. The JT throttling unit and the adsorption refrigerator unit are cooled by adopting an air gap type thermal switch, so that the cooling time of the system is effectively shortened, and the compactness is higher. The device has the advantages of high integration level, wide temperature range, small mechanical vibration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic structure and method of implementation for a helium throttled chiller coupled with an adsorption chiller for space;
In the figure: a1 throttle compressor unit, a 2.1 low pressure pipeline, a 2.2 high pressure pipeline, a 2.3 first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, a 2.4 first-stage precooling heat exchanger, a 2.5 second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, a 2.6 second-stage precooling heat exchanger, a 2.7 throttle valve, a 2.8JT heat switch, a 2.9 third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, a 2.10 support structure, a 2.11 evaporator, a 2.12 first-stage cold screen, a 2.13 second-stage cold screen and a 2.14 vacuum chamber, a 3.1 pulse tube main drive compressor and a 3.2 phase modulation compressor, a 4.1 first-stage pulse tube hot end, a 4.2 second-stage pulse tube hot end, a 4.3 sealing flange, a 4.4 first-stage pulse tube regenerator, a 4.5 second-stage pulse tube high-temperature section regenerator, a 4.6 intermediate heat exchanger, a 4.7 second-stage pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire, a 4.8 second-stage pulse tube cold head, a 5 adsorption refrigerator unit, a 5.1 adsorption pump, a 5.2 heat switch, a 5.3 intermediate heat exchanger, a 5.4.4 adsorption machine evaporator, and a 5.5 cold end.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a deep low temperature structure of a helium throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator for space and an implementation method thereof, and the low temperature system is applied to a superconducting quantum interference device, a superconducting photon detector, a millimeter and submicron wave detector and other deep space detectors to provide deep low temperature. The low-temperature part of the low-temperature system is placed in the vacuum cavity 2.14, and the primary radiation-proof cold screen 2.13 and the secondary radiation-proof cold screen 2.12 are arranged, so that radiation heat leakage loss of the system is effectively reduced. Wherein the vacuum cavity 2.14 is made of stainless steel material and has the thickness of 10mm; the primary radiation-proof cold screen 2.13 and the secondary radiation-proof cold screen 2.12 are made of oxygen-free copper materials; the direct current compressor unit 1 is driven by a direct current valve linear compressor unit, and the low-pressure pipeline 2.1 and the high-pressure pipeline 2.2 are welded with the compressor and the countercurrent heat exchanger by adopting stainless steel pipes. The primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.3, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.5 and the tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.9 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel tube sleeves, and are connected with the throttle valve 2.7 and the evaporator 2.11 through welding. The JT thermal switch 2.8 adopts an air gap type thermal switch, the adsorption material adopts plant active carbon for adsorption, the hot end is connected with the secondary precooling heat exchanger 2.6 by screw, the cold end and the adsorption pump are fixed under the evaporator 2.11 by screw connection, along with the change of the temperature of the evaporator, the adsorption capacity of the active carbon in the adsorption pump to helium is changed, namely, the two states of deflation and adsorption are changed, so that the JT refrigerator is rapidly cooled, and the cooling time is reduced. The pulse tube compressor unit (3) adopts a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator and is connected with the vacuum cavity 2.14 in a sealing way through the sealing flange 4.3; the intermediate heat exchanger 4.6 is connected with the primary pre-cooling heat exchanger 2.4 through screws, and provides 80-90K low temperature for the primary pre-cooling heat exchanger; the secondary pulse tube cold head 4.8 is connected with the secondary precooling heat exchanger 2.6 by screws, and provides low temperature of 15-20K for the secondary pulse tube cold head. The adsorption refrigerator unit 5 adopts a single-stage adsorption refrigerator, and refrigeration energy after precooling through the JT throttling unit 2 can provide refrigeration temperature of more than 300 mK. The adsorption pump is connected with the evaporator 2.11 through the intermediate heat exchanger 5.3 by screws, the adsorption pump 5.1 is connected with the evaporator 2.11 through the thermal switch 5.2, and the air suction and the air discharge of the adsorption pump are realized through heating and changing the temperature of the evaporator, so that the refrigeration is realized. The deep low-temperature structure of the helium throttling refrigerator coupled adsorption refrigerator is combined by using a plurality of refrigeration modes, cold energy can be provided in a plurality of temperature areas, and the advantages of low temperature, wide refrigeration range and small mechanical vibration of the JT throttling refrigerator and the advantages of simple adsorption structure, high reliability and light weight are integrated. The JT throttling unit and the adsorption refrigerator unit are cooled by adopting an air gap type thermal switch, so that the cooling time of the system is effectively shortened, and the compactness is higher. The device has the advantages of high integration level, wide temperature range, small mechanical vibration and the like.
The working process of the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
The installation process comprises the following steps:
The primary precooling heat exchanger 2.4 and the secondary precooling heat exchanger 2.6 are respectively in threaded connection with the primary cold screen 2.12 and the secondary cold screen 2.13, the JT thermal switch 2.8 adopts an air gap type thermal switch, the hot end is in screw connection with the secondary precooling heat exchanger 2.6, and the cold end and the adsorption pump are fixed below the evaporator 2.11 through screw connection. The primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.3, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.5 and the tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.9 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel tube sleeves, and are welded with the pipelines in sequence, and then the tail ends of the two stainless steel tube sleeves are connected with the throttle valve 2.7 and the evaporator 2.11 through welding. The pulse tube compressor unit 3 adopts a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator which is connected with the vacuum cavity 2.14 in a sealing way through a sealing flange 4.3, and the refrigerator is arranged in the vacuum cavity 2.14; the intermediate heat exchanger 4.6 is connected with the primary precooling heat exchanger 2.4, and the secondary pulse tube cold head 4.8 is connected with the secondary precooling heat exchanger 2.6 through screws. The adsorption refrigerator unit 5 is connected with the evaporator 2.11 through an intermediate heat exchanger 5.3 by screws, heat exchange is carried out between the adsorption pump 5.1 and the evaporator 2.11 through the connection of the thermal switch 5.2, and the air suction and the air discharge of the adsorption pump are realized through heating and changing the temperature of the evaporator, so that the refrigeration is realized.
And (3) vacuumizing:
After the installation in the installation mode, in order to reduce the convection heat exchange loss of the refrigerator, the whole system needs to be vacuumized after the installation of the refrigerating system, and the vacuum degree is kept above 10 -4 Pa. And then the pipeline of the refrigerator is vacuumized and replaced, and finally high-purity helium is filled, so that the cleanliness of the system is ensured.
JT throttling unit cooling process:
Firstly, a pulse tube compressor unit 3 is started to drive a second-stage pulse tube cold finger unit 4 to cool down so as to pre-cool a JT throttle unit 2, the temperature of an intermediate heat exchanger 4.6 is maintained at about 80K, the temperature of a second-stage pulse tube cold head 4.8 is maintained at about 20K, then, the throttle compressor unit 1 is started to drive JT circulation to start working, after the compressor compresses helium gas to high pressure, the compressed helium gas sequentially enters a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.3 high-pressure pipeline, a first-stage pre-cooling heat exchanger 2.4, a second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.5 high-pressure pipeline, a second-stage pre-cooling heat exchanger 2.6 and a third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.9 high-pressure pipeline to pre-cool, and finally enters a throttle valve 2.7) to perform throttling refrigeration, and corresponding refrigeration temperature and refrigeration capacity are obtained in an evaporator 2.11.
The refrigerating process of the adsorption refrigerator unit comprises the following steps:
When JT throttle unit 2 reaches the corresponding refrigerating temperature, adsorption refrigerator unit 5 starts to work, and when the thermal switch between evaporator 2.11 and adsorption pump 5.1 is disconnected, adsorption refrigerator cold end 5.5 takes cold, it is the condensation process. The adsorption pump 5.1 is heated, the gas working medium flows from the adsorption bed to the adsorption refrigerator evaporator 5.4, and heat is released by condensation in the adsorption refrigerator evaporator 5.4. When the thermal switch between the evaporator 2.11 and the adsorption pump 5.1 is closed and the cold end 5.5 of the adsorption refrigerator does not take cold, the process is an evaporation process. The adsorption pump 5.1 is cooled, the gas working medium evaporates from the adsorption refrigerator evaporator (5.4) to the adsorption pump (5.1), the pressure in the adsorption refrigerator evaporator 5.4 is reduced, the saturation temperature is reduced, and the refrigeration effect is generated to obtain the corresponding low temperature.
And (3) a temperature returning process:
The refrigeration system still has a lower temperature at the end of the system operation, and in order to protect the system components, the refrigeration system is subjected to a temperature returning operation. The vascular compressor unit 3 and the throttle compressor unit 1 are closed, so that the system is shut down, and the vacuum cavity 2.14 is opened to disassemble relevant parts after the temperature returns to normal temperature.
In summary, the deep low temperature structure and the implementation method of the helium throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator for space provided by the invention cover Wen Ouan, and have the advantages of low cold end temperature, high operability and short cooling time, so that the invention is the first choice for obtaining the mK temperature refrigerator.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, but rather, the foregoing embodiments and description illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a low temperature structure of throttling refrigerator coupling adsorption refrigerator, includes throttling compressor unit (1), JT throttling unit (2), pulse tube compressor unit (3), second grade pulse tube cold finger unit (4) and adsorption refrigerator unit (5), its characterized in that:
The throttle compressor unit (1) is connected with the JT throttle unit (2), the pulse tube compressor unit (3) and the secondary pulse tube cold finger unit (4) through pipelines; the JT throttling unit (2) is fixedly connected with the secondary pulse tube cold finger unit (4) through screws, and the JT throttling unit (2), a part of the structure of the secondary pulse tube cold finger unit (4) and the adsorption refrigerator unit (5) are arranged in a vacuum environment; the throttling compressor unit (1) provides a driving source for the JT throttling unit (2); the second-level vascular cold finger unit (4) provides precooling for the JT throttling unit (2); the JT throttling unit (2) provides precooling for the adsorption refrigerator unit (5);
the JT throttling unit (2) comprises a low-pressure pipeline (2.1), a high-pressure pipeline (2.2), a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.3), a first-stage precooling heat exchanger (2.4), a second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.5), a second-stage precooling heat exchanger (2.6), a throttling valve (2.7), a JT thermal switch (2.8), a third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.9), a supporting structure (2.10), an evaporator (2.11), a first-stage cold screen (2.12), a second-stage cold screen (2.13) and a vacuum cavity (2.14);
The secondary pulse tube cold finger unit (4) comprises a primary pulse tube hot end (4.1), a secondary pulse tube hot end (4.2), a sealing flange plate (4.3), a primary pulse tube heat regenerator (4.4), a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator (4.5), an intermediate heat exchanger I (4.6), a secondary pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device (4.7) and a secondary pulse tube cold head (4.8);
The adsorption refrigerator unit (5) comprises an adsorption pump (5.1), a thermal switch (5.2), an intermediate heat exchanger II (5.3), an adsorption refrigerator evaporator (5.4) and a cold end (5.5).
2. The low temperature structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled with an adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein: the throttle compressor unit (1) is driven by a direct current valve linear compressor unit.
3. The low temperature structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled with an adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein: the pulse tube compressor unit (3) comprises a pulse tube main driving compressor (3.1) and an active phase modulation compressor (3.2), and an active phase modulation technology is adopted.
4. A method for realizing low temperature based on the low temperature structure of a throttling refrigerator coupled with an adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) vacuumizing:
After the refrigerating system is installed, vacuumizing the whole system, keeping the vacuum degree to be more than 10 < -4 > Pa, vacuumizing and replacing a pipeline of the refrigerating machine, and finally filling high-purity helium gas to ensure the cleanliness of the system;
2) JT throttling unit cooling process:
Firstly, a pulse tube compressor unit (3) is started to drive a second-stage pulse tube cold finger unit (4) to cool down so as to precool a JT throttling unit (2), the temperature of an intermediate heat exchanger I (4.6) is maintained to be about 80K, the temperature of a second-stage pulse tube cold head (4.8) is maintained to be about 20K, then the throttling compressor unit (1) is started to drive JT circulation to start working, after helium is compressed to high pressure by a compressor, the helium enters a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.3) high-pressure pipeline, a first-stage precooling heat exchanger (2.4), a second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.5) high-pressure pipeline, a second-stage precooling heat exchanger (2.6) and a third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.9) high-pressure pipeline in sequence, and finally the helium enters a throttling valve (2.7) to perform throttling refrigeration, and corresponding refrigeration temperature and refrigeration capacity are obtained in an evaporator (2.11);
3) The refrigerating process of the adsorption refrigerator unit comprises the following steps:
When the JT throttling unit (2) reaches the corresponding refrigeration temperature, the adsorption refrigerator unit (5) starts to work, when a thermal switch between the evaporator (2.11) and the adsorption pump (5.1) is disconnected, the cold end (5.5) of the adsorption refrigerator is cooled, the adsorption pump (5.1) is heated, a gas working medium flows from an adsorption bed to the adsorption refrigerator evaporator (5.4) to condense and release heat in the adsorption refrigerator evaporator (5.4), when the thermal switch between the evaporator (2.11) and the adsorption pump (5.1) is closed, the cold end (5.5) of the adsorption refrigerator is not cooled, the adsorption pump (5.1) is cooled, the gas working medium evaporates from the adsorption refrigerator evaporator (5.4) to the adsorption pump (5.1) to reduce the pressure and the saturation temperature, and the refrigeration effect is generated to obtain the corresponding low temperature;
4) And (3) a temperature returning process:
firstly, closing the pulse tube compressor unit (3) and the throttle compressor unit (1) to realize shutdown of the system, and opening the vacuum cavity (2.14) to disassemble related parts after the temperature returns to normal temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210811668.9A CN115264988B (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2022-07-11 | Low-temperature structure of throttling refrigerator and coupled adsorption refrigerator and implementation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210811668.9A CN115264988B (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2022-07-11 | Low-temperature structure of throttling refrigerator and coupled adsorption refrigerator and implementation method |
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| CN115264988A CN115264988A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN115264988B true CN115264988B (en) | 2024-08-09 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN218179296U (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Low-temperature structure of throttling refrigerator coupled adsorption refrigerator |
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| CN103047788B (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江大学 | J-T throttling refrigeration circulating system driven by low-temperature linear compressor |
| CN103062951B (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江大学 | Low-temperature J-T (Joule-Thomson) throttling cooler precooled by Stirling/pulse tube composite type cooler |
| CN104236153B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Small throttling refrigeration system with liquid helium temperature zone |
| US20190226724A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | National Institute Of Standards And Technology (Nist) | Compact Low-power Cryo-Cooling Systems for Superconducting Elements |
| CN108954888B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-12-24 | 浙江大学 | Low-temperature J-T throttling refrigerator precooled by pulse tube refrigerator |
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