CN115264533A - Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting center ignition and combustion method - Google Patents
Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting center ignition and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115264533A CN115264533A CN202210873287.3A CN202210873287A CN115264533A CN 115264533 A CN115264533 A CN 115264533A CN 202210873287 A CN202210873287 A CN 202210873287A CN 115264533 A CN115264533 A CN 115264533A
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- stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
Abstract
A natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition and a combustion method are adopted. The invention comprises the following components: the diffuser and the outer casing are of an integrated structure, the diffuser is welded with the tail end of the flame tube, and the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head; the coaxial grading head comprises an inner-stage hub, an outer-stage hub, an igniter fixing seat, an outer-stage swirl blade, an inner-stage swirl blade, a fuel rod, an inner-stage fuel pipe and an outer-stage fuel pipe, wherein the inner-stage hub, the outer-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat is located at the center of the coaxial grading head. The invention can improve the ignition stability, realize the fuel classification and the zone combustion, reduce the pollutant discharge and prevent the head from being ablated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combustion chambers of gas turbines, in particular to a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and a combustion method.
Background
The modern low-pollution gas turbine widely adopts a lean premixed combustion technology to control the emission of nitrogen oxides, and the technology reduces the combustion equivalence ratio and the combustion temperature mainly by increasing the air inflow of head air and enhancing the mixing uniformity of fuel and air, thereby reducing the generation rate of thermal nitrogen oxides.
Because the head of the lean premix combustion chamber has large air inflow and low combustion equivalent, ignition is difficult at a position far away from the head, and the flame stability is poor. To improve the combustion stability of lean premixed combustors, a staged, zoned combustion concept has been proposed to stabilize the flame, i.e., the presence of both relatively low equivalence ratio and relatively high equivalence ratio combustion zones within the combustor. Reliable ignition and stable combustion are realized, and the technology becomes a key technology of a lean premixed combustion chamber. The ignition in the center of the head of the combustion chamber has high ignition reliability, and the step structure arranged at the tail end of the outlet of the head to form a step backflow area is an effective means for realizing the zone combustion.
In recent years, the domestic application of the patent about the coaxial staged combustion chamber is also provided. Patent No. 201910312864.X discloses a coaxial hierarchical whirl and blending integration head for gaseous fuel combustor, and the main part is tertiary blending/whirl integration tower swirler, and it does not set up the export stair structure, can not realize the subregion burning of fuel. Patent No. 202010034769.0 discloses a central staged lean premixed low pollution combustor whose head is composed of a central stage in the center of which a film forming air atomizing nozzle and a two-stage swirler are coaxially nested and a main combustion stage composed of a plurality of straight nozzles with annular air and a main combustion stage swirler, the combustor fuel is liquid fuel and no igniter electrode can be arranged at the center of the head. Patent No. 202110747716.8 discloses a central staged combustion chamber based on a self-excitation sweep oscillation fuel nozzle, which consists of an outer shell, a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage which are coaxial with the outer shell, wherein fuel in the combustion chamber is fuel oil, and an ignition position is not at the center of a head.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and a combustion method, which improve the ignition stability, realize staged and zoned combustion of fuel, reduce pollutant discharge and prevent head ablation.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a natural gas coaxial staged combustor with center firing comprising: the diffuser and the outer casing are of an integrated structure, the diffuser is welded with the tail end of the flame tube, and the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head;
the coaxial grading head comprises an inner-stage hub, an outer-stage hub, an igniter fixing seat, an outer-stage swirl blade, an inner-stage swirl blade, a fuel rod, an inner-stage fuel pipe and an outer-stage fuel pipe, wherein the inner-stage hub, the outer-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat is positioned in the center of the coaxial grading head;
an outer stage swirl vane is located between the outer stage hub and the inner stage hub;
the inner-stage swirl blades are positioned between the inner-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat;
the fuel rod is located between the inner stage hub and the igniter fixing seat and is located upstream of the inner stage swirl vane.
Furthermore, the outer stage hub is provided with an outer stage fuel ring cavity which is communicated with the outer stage fuel pipe, the outer stage swirl blades are provided with blade fuel cavities, the outer stage swirl blades are provided with a group of blade fuel spray holes, and fuel flows into the blade fuel cavities from the outer stage fuel ring cavity and is sprayed out from the blade fuel spray holes.
Further, the inner-stage hub is provided with an inner-stage fuel annular cavity, the inner-stage fuel annular cavity is communicated with an inner-stage fuel pipe, and the hollow fuel rod is connected with the inner-stage fuel annular cavity.
Furthermore, 2 to 5 fuel rod fuel spray holes are arranged in the fuel rods in the direction close to the inner stage swirl vanes, the aperture of each fuel rod fuel spray hole is 0.8 to 1.5mm, fuel flows into the fuel rods from the inner stage fuel annular cavity and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes, and the number of the fuel rods is the same as that of the inner stage swirl vanes.
Further, the inner-stage hub is divided into two layers of shells, and a hollow structure is arranged between the two layers of shells; the tail end of the inner-stage hub is provided with a step structure, the step structure is used for forming a step backflow area to enable inner-stage and outer-stage fuels to realize the zoned combustion, and step cooling holes are arranged on the step structure to cool the outlet end face of the head.
Further, the step structure is symmetrical along the center line of the two layers of inner-stage hubs, so that the inner-stage airflow and the outer-stage airflow are accelerated at the position, and the backfire is prevented.
Further, the height of the step structure is 10% -20% of the maximum diameter of the coaxial grading head.
Furthermore, the aperture of the stepped cooling hole is 1.0-2.0 mm, the rows are distributed in the radial direction from 2 to 5, and the rows are distributed in the circumferential direction from 12 to 48.
Furthermore, the outer casing is provided with a hole for installing a coaxial grading head and arranging a fuel pipeline and an igniter cable.
The outer-stage fuel flows into the outer-stage fuel ring cavity from the outer-stage fuel pipe, then flows into the vane fuel cavity and is sprayed out from the vane fuel spray holes; the inner-stage fuel flows into the inner-stage fuel annular cavity from the inner-stage fuel pipe and then flows into the fuel rod, and is sprayed out from the fuel spray holes of the fuel rod, and the step structure forms a step backflow zone so that the inner-stage flame and the outer-stage flame are separated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition, and the igniter electrode is arranged at the central position of the combustion chamber, thereby realizing the central ignition and improving the ignition reliability.
The invention arranges the step structure with the step cooling hole at the coaxial grading head outlet, can form a step reflux area to realize the zone combustion, and prevents the end face of the head outlet from being ablated.
Compared with the fuel rod with fuel spray holes arranged between the inner hub and the igniter fixing seat, the fuel/air mixing distance can be increased and the mixing is strengthened by the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the coaxial classification head of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the coaxial staging head and liner installation method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fuel rod of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1: a diffuser; 2a: an outer case; 2b: sealing the cover plate; 3: a coaxial classification head; 4: a flame tube; 5a: an inner stage flame; 5b: an outer stage flame; 6a: an inner stage hub; 6b: an outer stage hub; 6c: a step structure; 7a: an igniter fixing seat; 7b: an igniter electrode; 7c: an igniter cable; 8a: an inner stage fuel annulus; 8b: an outer stage fuel annulus; 9: a vane fuel cavity; 10: a vane fuel orifice; 11: a fuel rod; 12: a stepped cooling hole; 13a: inner stage swirl vanes; 13b: an outer stage swirl vane; 14: the center line of the two-layer inner-stage hub; 15: an igniter positioning screw hole; 16a: an inner stage fuel pipe; 16b: an outer stage fuel pipe; 17: the head is provided with a screw/pin positioning hole; 18: fuel rod fuel spray holes; h: step height; the direction of the arrows in figure 1 is the direction of the gas flow.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and the embodiment. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection or a removable connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The invention provides a natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting center ignition, as shown in the attached figure 1, the natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber comprises the following components: diffuser 1, outer quick-witted casket 2, coaxial hierarchical head 3, flame tube 4. The diffuser 1 and the outer casing 2 are of an integrated structure, the outer casing 2 is connected with the flame tube at the tail end of the flame tube 4, the coaxial grading head 3 is connected with the flame tube 4 at the position of the outer-stage hub 6b through 3 or 5 screws or pins, a head mounting screw/screw positioning hole 17 is arranged at the positioning position, and the outlet end face of the coaxial grading head is flush with the inlet end face of the flame tube.
As shown in fig. 2, the coaxial classification head is composed of an inner hub 6a, an outer hub 6b, an igniter fixing seat 7a, inner swirl blades 13a, outer swirl blades 13b, a step structure 6c, an inner fuel pipe 16a and an outer fuel pipe 16b, wherein the inner hub 6a, the outer hub 6b and the igniter fixing seat 7a are coaxially nested, the igniter fixing seat is located at the center and provided with an igniter positioning screw hole 15, and the igniter electrode and the igniter fixing seat 7a are connected by 3 positioning screws.
In the embodiment, an inner-stage fuel annular cavity 8a and an outer-stage fuel annular cavity 8b are respectively arranged in an inner-stage hub 6a and an outer-stage hub 6b, an outer-stage swirl blade 13b is provided with a blade fuel cavity 9 and a blade fuel spray hole 10, a hollow fuel rod 11 is arranged between the inner-stage hub 6a and an igniter fixing seat 7a, and the fuel rod 11 is positioned at the upstream of the inner-stage swirl blade 13a and is of an integral structure with the inner-stage hub and the igniter fixing seat; 2 to 5 fuel spray holes 18 for the fuel rods are formed in the positions, facing the inner-stage swirl vanes, of the fuel rods, the hole diameter is 0.8 to 1.5mm, and the number of the fuel rods is the same as that of the inner-stage swirl vanes. The outer stage fuel flows into the outer stage fuel ring cavity 7b from the outer stage fuel pipe 16b and then flows into the vane fuel cavity 8, and is ejected from the vane fuel nozzle hole 10; the inner stage fuel flows into the inner stage fuel ring cavity 8a from the inner stage fuel pipe 16a and then flows into the fuel rod 11 and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes 18, so that the mixing distance of the inner stage fuel/air can be increased, and the mixing is enhanced.
In the embodiment, the tail end of the inner hub 6a is provided with a step structure 6c, the step structure 6c is symmetrical along a central line 14 of the two layers of inner hubs, the step height h is 10% -20% of the maximum outer diameter of the coaxial grading head 3, step cooling holes 12 are arranged on the step, the hole diameter of each step cooling hole is 1.0-2.0 mm, the steps are distributed in 2-5 rows along the radial direction, and the steps are distributed in 12-48 rows along the circumferential direction. The step structure is used for forming a step backflow area, so that the inner-stage flame 5a and the outer-stage flame 5b are partitioned, and the step cooling holes 12 can cool the outlet end face of the coaxial grading head; the step structure can also increase the air flow speed of the inner stage and the outer stage, and prevent backfire. Under the ignition condition, an ignition source is provided by an igniter electrode positioned in the center of the head part to ignite the inner-grade fuel/air mixture, and the igniter electrode does not work after the ignition is successful.
In this embodiment, the outer casing 2a is provided with a hole for mounting a coaxial classification head and arranging a fuel pipeline, an igniter cable, etc., and is sealed by a sealing cover plate 2b, and the sealing cover plate 2b is connected with the outer casing 2a by screws.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A natural gas coaxial staged combustor with center firing, comprising: the novel air conditioner comprises a diffuser (1), an outer casing (2 a), a coaxial grading head (3) and a flame tube (4), wherein the diffuser (1) and the outer casing (2 a) are of an integrated structure, the diffuser (1) is welded with the tail end of the flame tube (4), and the flame tube is connected with the coaxial grading head (3);
the coaxial grading head (3) comprises an inner-stage hub (6 a), an outer-stage hub (6 b), an igniter fixing seat (7 a), an outer-stage swirl blade (13 b), an inner-stage swirl blade (13 a), a fuel rod (11), an inner-stage fuel pipe (16 a) and an outer-stage fuel pipe (16 b), the inner-stage hub (6 a), the outer-stage hub (6 b) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) are coaxially nested, and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) is located at the center of the coaxial grading head;
the outer stage swirl blades (13 b) are located between the outer stage hub (6 b) and the inner stage hub (6 a);
the inner stage swirl blades (13 a) are located between the inner stage hub (6 a) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a);
the fuel rod (11) is located between the inner stage hub (6 a) and the igniter fixing seat (7 a) and upstream of the inner stage swirl blade (13 a).
2. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 1, wherein the outer stage hub (6 b) is provided with an outer stage fuel annulus (8 b), the outer stage fuel annulus (8 b) is communicated with an outer stage fuel pipe (16 b), the outer stage swirl blades are provided with vane fuel cavities (9), the outer stage swirl blades are provided with a set of vane fuel nozzle holes (10), and fuel flows into the vane fuel cavities (9) from the outer stage fuel annulus (8 b) and is ejected from the vane fuel nozzle holes (10).
3. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner stage hub (6 a) is provided with an inner stage fuel annulus (8 a), the inner stage fuel annulus (8 a) is communicated with an inner stage fuel pipe (16 a), and the hollow fuel rod (11) is connected with the inner stage fuel annulus (8 a).
4. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting center ignition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fuel rods (11) are arranged with 2 to 5 fuel rod fuel spray holes (17) in the direction close to the inner stage swirl vanes (13 a), the aperture of the fuel rod fuel spray holes (17) is 0.8 to 1.5mm, fuel flows into the fuel rods (11) from the inner stage fuel annular cavity (8 a) and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray holes (17), and the number of the fuel rods (11) is the same as that of the inner stage swirl vanes (13 a).
5. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 3, wherein the inner stage hub (6 a) is divided into two shells, and a hollow structure is arranged between the two shells; the tail end of the inner-stage hub (6 a) is provided with a step structure (6 c), the step structure (6 c) is used for forming a step backflow area to enable inner and outer two-stage fuels to achieve zoned combustion, and step cooling holes (12) are arranged on the step structure (6 c) to cool the outlet end face of the head portion.
6. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 5, wherein the step structure (6 c) is symmetrical along the center line (14) of the two-layered inner stage hub, so that the inner and outer stage air flows are accelerated at this position to prevent backfire.
7. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with center ignition according to claim 6, wherein the step structure (6 c) has a height of 10% to 20% of the maximum diameter of the coaxial staged head.
8. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the stepped cooling holes (12) is 1.0-2.0 mm, the number of the stepped cooling holes is 2-5 in the radial direction, and the number of the stepped cooling holes is 12-48 in the circumferential direction.
9. The natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber with central ignition according to claim 7, characterized in that the outer casing (2 a) is perforated for mounting the coaxial staged head (3) and for arranging fuel lines, igniter cables (7 c).
10. A combustion method using the natural gas coaxially staged combustor with center firing as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the outer stage fuel flows from the outer stage fuel pipe (16 b) into the outer stage fuel annular chamber (7 b) and then into the vane fuel chamber (8) and is ejected from the vane fuel nozzle hole (10); the inner stage fuel flows into the inner stage fuel ring cavity (8 a) from the inner stage fuel pipe (16 a) and then flows into the fuel rod (11) and is sprayed out from the fuel rod fuel spray hole (18), and the step structure (6 c) forms a step backflow zone so that the inner stage flame (5 a) and the outer stage flame (5 b) are partitioned.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210873287.3A CN115264533B (en) | 2022-07-24 | 2022-07-24 | Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210873287.3A CN115264533B (en) | 2022-07-24 | 2022-07-24 | Natural gas coaxial staged combustion chamber adopting central ignition and combustion method |
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| CN115264533A true CN115264533A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN115264533B CN115264533B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4938019A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1990-07-03 | Fuel Systems Textron Inc. | Fuel nozzle and igniter assembly |
| EP0893651A1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-01-27 | Entreprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard | Burner for liquid and gaseous fuel with low nitric oxyde emission |
| US20080302105A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-12-11 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustor of a gas turbine engine |
| CN101737802A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Central cavity stable fire tangential combustion chamber |
| CN108561898A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-09-21 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | A kind of coaxial subregion high temperature rise combustor head |
| CN109668169A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-23 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of aeroengine combustor buring room plasmaassisted is atomized ignition burner |
| CN113324262A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Coaxial staged gas fuel combustor head for low emission gas turbine |
-
2022
- 2022-07-24 CN CN202210873287.3A patent/CN115264533B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4938019A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1990-07-03 | Fuel Systems Textron Inc. | Fuel nozzle and igniter assembly |
| EP0893651A1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-01-27 | Entreprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard | Burner for liquid and gaseous fuel with low nitric oxyde emission |
| US20080302105A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-12-11 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustor of a gas turbine engine |
| CN101737802A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Central cavity stable fire tangential combustion chamber |
| CN108561898A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-09-21 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | A kind of coaxial subregion high temperature rise combustor head |
| CN109668169A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-23 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of aeroengine combustor buring room plasmaassisted is atomized ignition burner |
| CN113324262A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Coaxial staged gas fuel combustor head for low emission gas turbine |
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| CN115264533B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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