CN115263312A - Mining method for multi-fault-breaking near-horizontal extremely-thin ore body - Google Patents
Mining method for multi-fault-breaking near-horizontal extremely-thin ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN115263312A CN115263312A CN202211177643.4A CN202211177643A CN115263312A CN 115263312 A CN115263312 A CN 115263312A CN 202211177643 A CN202211177643 A CN 202211177643A CN 115263312 A CN115263312 A CN 115263312A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method of a multi-fault-breaking near-horizontal extremely-thin ore body. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a top-bottom plate extrapulse stage haulage roadway in a direction vertical to the direction of an ore body, and dividing a panel area by taking an alteration fault as a reference; each panel area is provided with a pedestrian patio communicated top bottom plate extravenal stage transportation roadway, and the excavation work of the intra-vein cutting roadway is carried out on each panel area by taking the position of the pedestrian patio passing through the ore body junction chassis as the horizontal direction and taking the trend of the ore body as the direction; arranging an ore drawing chamber, and communicating a cutting roadway ore drawing point with the ore drawing chamber through a digging chute; the method comprises the following steps that ore bodies are divided into two sides by taking a cutting roadway as a reference, and filling pipelines enter a stope along a transportation roadway, a pedestrian courtyard and the cutting roadway at the stage outside a roof vein; mining the ore blocks from top to bottom along the inclination of the ore body, dividing a plurality of vertical layers, and reserving strip-shaped pillars to be mined in a mining mode at intervals. By adopting the method, the ground pressure can be effectively managed, the waste rock tailings can be treated, and the aim of green and safe mining of the mine can be fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method of a multi-fault-breaking near-horizontal extremely-thin ore body.
Background
At present, a comprehensive mining method is usually adopted for mining near-horizontal extremely-thin ore bodies, and because the lithology of the ore deposit and surrounding rocks mainly comprises schists and the stability is poor after the mining is disclosed, methods such as anchor rod + band-penetrating and top-protecting parting strip bilateral throwing comprehensive mining, anchor rod + band-penetrating and top-protecting parting strip unilateral throwing comprehensive mining, partition block comprehensive mining and the like are derived by the comprehensive mining method according to the characteristics of the ore deposit and the surrounding rocks. However, the existing mining method is an optimized design for mining the near-horizontal thin ore body on the premise of continuity and good stability of the ore body, and few researches are made on the mining method of the multi-fault-breaking near-horizontal thin ore body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mining method of a multi-fault broken nearly horizontal ultrathin ore body, which is used for mining the multi-fault broken nearly horizontal ultrathin ore body. The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, there is provided a method of mining a multi-fault, near-horizontal, extremely thin ore body, the method comprising:
arranging a top plate extravenous stage haulage roadway and a bottom plate extravenous stage haulage roadway in a vertical ore body trend, and dividing a disc area by taking an alteration fault as a reference;
each panel area is provided with a pedestrian patio which is communicated with the roof extravein stage transportation roadway and the bottom plate extravein stage transportation roadway, and the panel areas are used for carrying out excavation work of the endovein cutting roadway by taking the pedestrian patio as the position of the ore body crossing junction chassis as the horizontal direction and the direction of the ore body trend as the direction;
arranging an ore drawing chamber, and communicating an ore drawing point of a cutting roadway with the ore drawing chamber through a digging chute to form a complete bottom ore drawing structure;
the ore body is divided into two sides by taking the cutting roadway as a reference, and a filling pipeline enters a stope along the transportation roadway, the pedestrian raise and the cutting roadway at the stage outside the roof vein;
the ore block is mined from top to bottom along the inclination of an ore body, a plurality of vertical layers are divided along the trend direction, and strip-shaped pillars to be mined are reserved in the mode of mining at intervals for each vertical layer.
Optionally, for the transportation roadway at the top plate extravenous stage and the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravenous stage passing through the alteration fault, anchor rod + metal mesh + anchor rope shotcrete combined support is performed upwards at the alteration fault so as to stabilize safety hazards caused by fault dislocation to the transportation roadway at the top plate extravenous stage and the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravenous stage.
Optionally, the arranging the ore drawing chamber specifically includes: and in the vertical direction of the cutting roadway, the side wall of the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravein stage is arranged with the ore drawing chamber and the ore drawing point of the cutting roadway are arranged at the same side.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and (3) stoping ores are conveyed to an ore drawing point by a small scraper or manually, are lowered to a lower ore drawing chamber by the ore pass, are loaded to a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle by the scraper, and are conveyed to an earth surface ore dressing plant through the bottom plate extravenal stage conveying roadway and the slope way.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
after stoping of the ore blocks is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall on the side wall of the cutting roadway along one side of the goaf, and filling the goaf by C7.5 concrete guniting; carrying out stoping work on ore blocks on the same side of the adjacent panel areas, and processing the goaf in the same filling mode;
after the C7.5 concrete is expected to have certain bearing capacity, filling concrete is used as an artificial ore pillar to stope an adjacent pillar to be stoped, and waste rocks formed by stoping work of a former ore block or roadway development of a gob formed at the moment are filled.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and after the mining of the ore body along the inclined arrangement cutting roadway upper ore blocks is finished, carrying out mining of the lower ore blocks, and the same as the previous step.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and after the stoping and filling of the ore body of the middle section are finished, the transportation roadway of the top plate extravenation stage and the transportation roadway of the bottom plate extravenation stage are simultaneously used as the transportation roadway of the top plate extravenation stage or the transportation roadway of the bottom plate extravenation stage of the other adjacent middle section, and the mining steps are repeated until the whole ore deposit is mined.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
(1) The cutting roadway is placed in the vein, the goaf is filled with C7.5 concrete and reserved as an artificial ore pillar, the adjacent goaf is backfilled with waste rocks to form a combined supporting goaf in a strip shape of concrete and waste rocks, the unstable roof and floor slab is obviously supported, and the ground pressure management effect is obvious.
(2) And arranging an anchor rod, a metal mesh and an anchor rope for shotcrete combined support at the top end of the junction of the altered fault and the extravenal stage transportation roadway of the top and bottom plates so as to prevent fault dislocation from damaging the extravenal stage transportation roadway of the top and bottom plates and realize efficient and safe exploitation and exploitation of multi-fault dislocation near-level extremely-thin ore bodies.
(3) The panels are divided by the erosion fault, and ore removal is carried out by the ore pass scraper, so that the development engineering amount is greatly reduced, and the production capacity of ore blocks is effectively improved.
(4) Most of the waste rocks generated by the operations of mine exploitation, stoping and the like are backfilled in the goaf, so that the utilization of land surface resources is reduced, and the effect of environmental protection is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-fault, near-level, ultra-thin ore body mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-alteration fault near-horizontal ultra-thin ore body provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a multi-fault method of mining near-horizontal ultra-thin bodies in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a multi-fault, near-horizontal, ultra-thin ore body mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-fault, near-level, ultra-thin ore body mining method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Description of reference numerals:
1-alteration fault, 2-nearly horizontal extremely-thin ore body, 3-top board extravein stage transportation roadway, 4-pedestrian courtyard, 5-bottom board extravein stage transportation roadway, 6-anchor rod + metal mesh sheet + anchor cable shotcrete combined support, 7-cutting roadway, 8-goaf, 9-to-be-mined ore column, 10-draw shaft, 11-C7.5 concrete artificial ore column, 12-waste rock and 13-ore drawing chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mining method for multi-fault breaking of a near-horizontal extremely-thin ore body, including:
s1, arranging a top plate extravenal stage haulage roadway and a bottom plate extravenal stage haulage roadway in a direction perpendicular to the direction of an ore body, and dividing a disc area by taking an alteration fault as a reference;
s2, arranging a pedestrian courtyard in each panel area to communicate the top plate extravenal stage transportation roadway with the bottom plate extravenal stage transportation roadway, and carrying out excavation work of the endovenal cutting roadway by taking the pedestrian courtyard passing through an ore body junction chassis as the horizontal plane and the direction of the ore body trend as the direction of each panel area;
s3, arranging an ore drawing chamber, and communicating an ore drawing point of a cutting roadway with the ore drawing chamber through a digging chute to form a complete bottom ore drawing structure;
s4, distributing ore blocks on two sides of an ore body by taking the cutting roadway as a reference, and enabling a filling pipeline to enter a stope along the transportation roadway, the pedestrian courtyard and the cutting roadway at the stage outside the roof vein;
s5, mining the ore blocks from top to bottom along the inclination of the ore body, dividing a plurality of vertical layers along the trend direction, and reserving strip-shaped pillars to be mined in a manner of mining at intervals for each vertical layer.
Optionally, for the transportation roadway at the top plate extravenous stage and the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravenous stage passing through the alteration fault, anchor rod + metal mesh + anchor rope shotcrete combined support is performed upwards at the alteration fault so as to stabilize safety hazards caused by fault dislocation to the transportation roadway at the top plate extravenous stage and the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravenous stage.
Optionally, the arranging the ore drawing chamber specifically includes: and in the vertical direction of the cutting roadway, the side wall of the transportation roadway at the bottom plate extravein stage is arranged with the ore drawing chamber and the ore drawing point of the cutting roadway are arranged at the same side.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and the stoped ore is conveyed to an ore drawing point by a small scraper or manually, is lowered to a lower ore drawing chamber by the chute, is loaded to a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle by the scraper, and is conveyed to an earth surface ore dressing plant by the transportation roadway and the slope way at the off-road stage of the bottom plate.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
after stoping of the ore blocks is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall on the side wall of the cutting roadway along one side of the goaf, and filling the goaf by C7.5 concrete guniting; carrying out stoping work of ore blocks on the same side of adjacent panel areas, and processing a goaf in the same filling mode;
after the C7.5 concrete is expected to have certain bearing capacity, the filling concrete is used as an artificial ore pillar to stope an adjacent pillar to be mined, and waste rocks formed by stoping of ore blocks or roadway development in the formed goaf are filled.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and after the mining of the ore body along the inclined arrangement cutting roadway upper ore blocks is finished, carrying out mining of the lower ore blocks, and the same as the previous step.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and after the ore body of the middle section is completely mined and filled, the roof extravein stage haulage roadway and the bottom extravein stage haulage roadway are simultaneously used as a roof extravein stage haulage roadway or a bottom extravein stage haulage roadway of another adjacent middle section, and the mining steps are repeated until the whole ore deposit is mined.
The method for mining the multi-fault broken-off near-horizontal ultra-thin ore body according to the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 to 5, and comprises the following steps:
arranging a top plate extravein stage haulage roadway 3 and a bottom plate extravein stage haulage roadway 5 in a direction vertical to the direction of an ore body 2, and dividing a disc area by taking the alteration fault 1 as a reference;
and for the top plate extravenous stage transportation roadway 3 and the bottom plate extravenous stage transportation roadway 5 passing through the alteration fault, carrying out anchor rod + metal mesh and anchor rope shotcrete 6 combined support upwards at the alteration fault so as to stabilize the safety hazard caused by fault dislocation to the top plate extravenous stage transportation roadway 3 and the bottom plate extravenous stage transportation roadway 5.
Each panel area is provided with a pedestrian courtyard 4 which is communicated with a top plate extravenation stage haulage roadway 3 and a bottom plate extravenation stage haulage roadway 5;
the specific arrangement position is based on the actual exploration data of the mine area.
Each panel area takes the position of the pedestrian courtyard 4 passing through the ore body junction chassis as the horizontal position, and takes the trend of the ore body as the direction to carry out the excavation work of the intra-pulse cutting roadway 7;
the work is carried out at two ends simultaneously, so that the work progress is accelerated, and the work period is shortened.
An ore drawing chamber 13 is arranged on the side wall of the transportation roadway 5 at the stage outside the bottom plate vein in the vertical direction of the cutting roadway 7 and is arranged at the same side as the ore drawing point of the cutting roadway, and then a slide shaft 10 is dug to communicate the ore drawing point of the cutting roadway with the ore drawing chamber, so that a complete bottom ore drawing structure is formed;
the ore body is divided into two sides and is provided with ore blocks by taking the cutting roadway 7 as a reference; the filling pipeline enters a stope along a transportation roadway 3, a pedestrian courtyard 4 and a cutting roadway 7 at the top plate extravein stage;
mining the ore block from top to bottom along the inclination of the ore body, dividing a plurality of vertical layers along the trend direction, and reserving strip-shaped pillars 9 to be mined in a mining-separated mode for each vertical layer;
stoping ores are conveyed to an ore drawing point by a small scraper or manually, are lowered to a lower ore drawing chamber by a drop shaft, are loaded to a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle by the scraper, and are conveyed to an earth surface ore dressing plant through a bottom plate extravenal stage conveying roadway 5 and a slope way;
after the stoping of the ore blocks is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall on the side wall of the cutting roadway along one side of the goaf 8, and filling the goaf by C7.5 concrete guniting; simultaneously carrying out stoping work on ore blocks on the same side of adjacent panel areas, and processing a goaf in the same filling mode;
after the C7.5 concrete is expected to have certain bearing capacity, the filling concrete is used as an artificial ore pillar 11 to stope an adjacent pillar to be mined, and waste rocks 12 formed by stoping work of a previous ore block or roadway development of a formed goaf are filled;
after the ore body is arranged along the inclination and cut the mining of the ore blocks on the upper part of the roadway, carrying out the mining of the ore blocks on the lower part, which is the same as the previous step;
after the ore body of the middle section is completely mined and filled, the roof extravein stage haulage roadway 3 and the bottom extravein stage haulage roadway 5 are used as a roof extravein haulage roadway or a bottom extravein haulage roadway of another adjacent middle section, and the exploitation steps are repeated until the whole ore deposit is mined.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method of mining a multi-fault, near-horizontal, extremely thin ore body, the method comprising:
arranging a top plate extravenal stage haulage roadway and a bottom plate extravenal stage haulage roadway in a direction vertical to the direction of an ore body, and dividing panel areas by taking an alteration fault as a reference;
each panel area is provided with a pedestrian patio which is communicated with the roof extravein stage transportation roadway and the bottom plate extravein stage transportation roadway, and the panel areas are used for carrying out excavation work of the endovein cutting roadway by taking the pedestrian patio as the position of the ore body crossing junction chassis as the horizontal direction and the direction of the ore body trend as the direction;
arranging an ore drawing chamber, and communicating an ore drawing point of a cutting roadway with the ore drawing chamber through a digging chute to form a complete bottom ore drawing structure;
the ore body is divided into two sides by taking the cutting roadway as a reference, and a filling pipeline enters a stope along the transportation roadway, the pedestrian raise and the cutting roadway at the stage outside the roof vein;
the ore block is mined from top to bottom along the inclination of an ore body, a plurality of vertical layers are divided along the trend direction, and strip-shaped pillars to be mined are reserved in the mode of mining at intervals for each vertical layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein for the top plate extravenous stage haulage roadway and the bottom plate extravenous stage haulage roadway passing through the erosion fault, anchor rod + metal mesh + anchor rope shotcrete combined support is performed upwards at the erosion fault to stabilize the safety hazard caused by fault dislocation to the top plate extravenous stage haulage roadway and the bottom plate extravenous stage haulage roadway.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said arranging ore-drawing chambers comprises in particular: the cutting roadway vertical direction, the bottom plate extravenal stage haulage roadway lateral wall is arranged the ore drawing chamber, and with the homonymy is arranged to cutting roadway draw point.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: and the stoped ore is conveyed to an ore drawing point by a small scraper or manually, is lowered to a lower ore drawing chamber by the chute, is loaded to a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle by the scraper, and is conveyed to an earth surface ore dressing plant by the transportation roadway and the slope way at the off-road stage of the bottom plate.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
after stoping of the ore blocks is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall on the side wall of the cutting roadway along one side of the goaf, and filling the goaf by C7.5 concrete guniting; carrying out stoping work of ore blocks on the same side of adjacent panel areas, and processing a goaf in the same filling mode;
after the C7.5 concrete is expected to have certain bearing capacity, the filling concrete is used as an artificial ore pillar to stope an adjacent pillar to be mined, and waste rocks formed by stoping of ore blocks or roadway development in the formed goaf are filled.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: and after the mining of the ore body along the inclined arrangement cutting roadway upper ore blocks is finished, carrying out mining of the lower ore blocks, and the same as the previous step.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: and after the ore body of the middle section is completely mined and filled, the roof extravein stage haulage roadway and the bottom extravein stage haulage roadway are simultaneously used as a roof extravein stage haulage roadway or a bottom extravein stage haulage roadway of another adjacent middle section, and the mining steps are repeated until the whole ore deposit is mined.
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