CN115262788B - Composite sound absorption board with multi-scale hole structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite sound absorption board with multi-scale hole structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115262788B CN115262788B CN202210908845.5A CN202210908845A CN115262788B CN 115262788 B CN115262788 B CN 115262788B CN 202210908845 A CN202210908845 A CN 202210908845A CN 115262788 B CN115262788 B CN 115262788B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/8409—Sound-absorbing elements sheet-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The application provides a composite sound absorbing plate with a multi-scale hole structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite sound absorbing plate comprises a composite sound absorbing material, and the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with the diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with the diameter of 0.5-3 mu m and a third-stage hole with the diameter of 0.1-3 mm; the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage holes Kong Rongchong accounts for 30% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weights of the holes of other dimensions account for 0% -10% of the total volume weight of the holes. The composite sound-absorbing board can effectively avoid the problem that the pore canal of the porous material is blocked by the resin matrix in the preparation and forming process to cause the attenuation of sound absorption performance, can accurately control the size and the range of the micro-scale pore according to the difference of sound absorption characteristics of sound waves in different pore diameters, ensures that the porous sound-absorbing material has better low-frequency sound absorption performance and shows better sound absorption performance in a wider frequency range.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of environmental protection materials, in particular to a composite sound absorption board with a multi-scale hole structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Porous fibers such as organic fibers, glass fiber cotton and the like have low density and good sound absorption property above 500Hz, and are commonly used as sound absorption materials for adjusting indoor reverberation. Particulate porous materials such as zeolite, molecular sieve, MOFS (metal organic framework compound) and the like, which have single-scale nano-scale pores with a pore size of more less than 1nm, are used as an adsorption material, a catalyst carrier and a filter material in addition to a sound absorbing material due to a high specific surface area and a large Kong Rongchong.
Patent number CN113041993a describes a zeolite-ball porous sound absorbing particle that increases the virtual volume of the loudspeaker. Compared with other porous materials, the zeolite molecular sieve has smaller specific surface area and pore volume, small adsorption and desorption amount of gas, and limited improvement of the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker by using the zeolite molecular sieve as a filling material. Patent number CN111362272a describes a mesoporous silica material which contains a large amount of mesoporous silica material of 2 to 50nm and exhibits strong adsorption characteristics, and can improve the low frequency characteristics of a speaker as a filler. Although particulate porous materials have better low frequency sound absorption properties than porous fibers, they are still less than expected due to pore scale characteristics or number limitations. Air molecules show different gas/fluid characteristics in pores with different dimensions, and in nanovoids corresponding to free ranges of the air molecules, air shows the characteristics of transition fluid; in the void, which is much smaller than the free path of the air molecules, the air exhibits free-flowing properties. Therefore, in the process of sound transmission, the energy absorption modes of different types of holes are obviously different, and the sound absorption material containing multiple holes has higher sound absorption characteristics in a low-frequency area through the cooperative coupling effect among the holes.
The bio-based material comprises natural nanopores such as coconut shells, animal bones, loofah sacs, bamboo hemp. During physical and chemical activation, these nanopores may be opened up to form nanopores with the micropores. Due to the limited number of micropores, the low-frequency sound absorption performance of part of the bio-based materials is not ideal, i.e. the synergistic effect of micropores and nanopores is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems, the present application has been made in order to provide a composite acoustic panel of a multi-scale hole structure and a method for manufacturing the same, which overcomes the problems or at least partially solves the problems, comprising:
a composite sound absorbing plate with a multi-scale hole structure, which comprises a composite sound absorbing material, wherein the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with the diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with the diameter of 0.5-3 mu m and a third-stage hole with the diameter of 0.1-3 mm; the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage holes Kong Rongchong accounts for 30% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weights of the holes of other dimensions account for 0% -10% of the total volume weight of the holes.
Preferably, the diameter of the primary pores is less than 1.5nm; the diameter of the second-stage hole is 0.8-2 mu m; the diameter of the third-stage hole is 0.5mm-2 mm.
The application also provides a preparation method of the composite sound absorbing plate with the multi-scale hole structure, which comprises the following steps:
mixing an adhesive, an auxiliary agent and a microporous template material with a preset shape with an alkaline solution or an acidic solution to obtain an inorganic dispersion;
carbonizing a bio-based material at a first designated temperature for a first designated time, mixing the bio-based material with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and curing the bio-based material at a second designated temperature for a second designated time to obtain a porous cured material;
activating the porous solidifying material at a third appointed temperature for a third appointed time, and cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain porous particles;
mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a first preset mass ratio, and mixing and hot-pressing the porous particles with organic resin particles to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate; or mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a second preset mass ratio, and mixing the porous particles with a foaming material to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate.
Preferably, the step of activating the porous cured material at a third specified temperature for a third specified time, cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying and pulverizing to obtain porous particles comprises the steps of:
thermally oxidizing the porous cured material at a fourth specified temperature for a fourth specified time to obtain the porous cured material with micro-scale pores;
and activating the porous solidified material with the micro-scale holes at a third appointed temperature for a third appointed time, and cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain the porous particles with the micro-scale holes and the nano-scale holes.
Preferably, the microporous template material is an organic fiber or microsphere;
wherein the organic fiber comprises one or more of polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber, and the microsphere comprises one or more of polystyrene microsphere, polypropylene microsphere, polyethylene microsphere, polylactic acid microsphere and polyacrylonitrile microsphere.
Preferably, the adhesive comprises one or more of metakaolin, fly ash, mineral powder, silica sol and coal tar.
Preferably, the bio-based material comprises one or more of coconut shells, bamboo, walnut shells and straw.
Preferably, the porous material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, zeolite, molecular sieve and graphene.
Preferably, the foaming material is an aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and the preparation method of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion comprises the following steps:
preheating polyurethane prepolymer containing 1% -3% of isocyanate groups at a fifth specified temperature for a fifth specified time to obtain the aqueous polyurethane emulsion with 1% -5% of concentration.
Preferably, the organic resin particles include one or more of phenolic resin particles, melamine resin particles, polyvinyl formal particles, polyvinyl butyral particles, and polymethyl methacrylate particles.
The application has the following advantages:
in an embodiment of the application, the composite sound absorbing panel comprises a composite sound absorbing material, wherein the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with the diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with the diameter of 0.5-3 mu m and a third-stage hole with the diameter of 0.1-3 mm; the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage holes Kong Rongchong accounts for 30% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weights of the holes of other dimensions account for 0% -10% of the total volume weight of the holes. The composite sound-absorbing board can effectively avoid the problem that the pore canal of the porous material is blocked to cause the attenuation of sound-absorbing performance, can accurately control the size and the range of the micro-scale pore according to the difference of sound-absorbing characteristics of sound waves in different pore diameters, ensures that the porous sound-absorbing material has better low-frequency sound-absorbing performance and shows better sound-absorbing performance in a wider frequency range.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the present application will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for manufacturing a composite acoustic panel having a multi-scale hole structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present application are obtained will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the application briefly described above will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In one embodiment of the application, a composite sound absorbing panel of a multi-scale hole structure comprises a composite sound absorbing material, wherein the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with the diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with the diameter of 0.5-3 mu m and a third-stage hole with the diameter of 0.1-3 mm; the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage holes Kong Rongchong accounts for 30% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weights of the holes of other dimensions account for 0% -10% of the total volume weight of the holes.
In an embodiment of the application, the composite sound absorbing panel comprises a composite sound absorbing material, wherein the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with the diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with the diameter of 0.5-3 mu m and a third-stage hole with the diameter of 0.1-3 mm; the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage holes Kong Rongchong accounts for 30% -60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weights of the holes of other dimensions account for 0% -10% of the total volume weight of the holes. The composite sound-absorbing board can effectively avoid the problem that the pore canal of the porous material is blocked by the resin matrix in the preparation and forming process to cause the attenuation of sound absorption performance, can accurately control the size and the range of the micro-scale pore according to the difference of sound absorption characteristics of sound waves in different pore diameters, ensures that the porous sound-absorbing material has better low-frequency sound absorption performance and shows better sound absorption performance in a wider frequency range.
Next, a composite sound-absorbing panel of a multi-scale hole structure in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
The Kong Rongchong is pv, is pore volume abbreviation, and is pore volume, or the like. Kong Rongchong also called pore volume. The total volume of pores per unit mass of the porous solid is called pore volume or specific pore volume Vg. This is one of the characteristic values of the porous structure adsorbent or catalyst.
As an example, the composite sound absorbing panel is a composite sound absorbing particulate panel or a composite sound absorbing foam panel.
In one embodiment of the application, the diameter of the primary pores is less than 1.5nm.
As an example, the first-stage pores are formed by two parts, one part is introduced by porous materials such as carbon nanotubes and molecular sieves with nano-scale pores, and the other part is activated by biological base materials in the preparation process of the composite sound absorption material, wherein the content of the activated pores exceeds 50%, preferably 70%, of the first-stage pores.
As an example, the first-order pore diameter may be 1.5nm, 1.2nm, 1nm, 0.8nm, 0.5nm, and 0.3nm, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations; the first stage Kong Rongchong accounts for 5% -50%, which may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50%, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
In one embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the second-stage holes is 0.8 μm to 2 μm.
As an example, the second-stage pores are formed by thermal oxidation and high-temperature ablation of an organic fiber dispersion liquid or microsphere dispersion liquid after degradation by an alkaline or acidic solution, and the diameters of the second-stage pores may be 0.8 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm and 2 μm, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations; the second stage Kong Rongchong accounts for 20% -60%, which may be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% and 60%, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
In one embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the third stage hole is 0.5mm to 2mm.
As an example, the diameter of the third stage holes may be 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm and 2mm, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations; the volume weight of the third-stage holes is 30% -60%, which can be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 60%, and can be specifically selected according to practical situations.
As an example, the third-stage pores are formed by stacking porous particles obtained after high-temperature activation, washing and pulverization, and the diameter of the porous particles is 0.5mm to 2mm, preferably 0.8mm to 1.5mm.
As an example, the volume weight of other scale holes is 0% -10%, which may be 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 10%, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a method for manufacturing a composite sound-absorbing panel of a multi-scale hole structure according to an embodiment of the present application,
the method comprises the following steps:
s110, mixing an adhesive, an auxiliary agent and a microporous template material with a preset shape with an alkaline solution or an acidic solution to obtain an inorganic dispersion liquid;
s120, carbonizing the bio-based material at a first designated temperature for a first designated time, mixing the bio-based material with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and curing the bio-based material at a second designated temperature for a second designated time to obtain a porous cured material;
s130, activating the porous solidified material at a third appointed temperature for a third appointed time, and cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain porous particles;
s140, mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a first preset mass ratio, and mixing and hot-pressing the porous particles with organic resin particles to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate; or mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a second preset mass ratio, and mixing the porous particles with a foaming material to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate.
Next, a method for producing a composite sound-absorbing panel of a multi-scale hole structure in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
As described in the step S110, the adhesive, the auxiliary agent, the microporous template material with a preset shape and the alkaline solution or the acidic solution are mixed to obtain the inorganic dispersion.
In one embodiment of the present application, the specific process of "mixing the adhesive, the auxiliary agent, the microporous template material having a predetermined shape with the alkaline solution or the acidic solution to obtain the inorganic dispersion" in step S110 may be further described in conjunction with the following description.
As an example, the inorganic dispersion is prepared by mixing and stirring an auxiliary agent, the microporous template material, the adhesive and an alkaline solution or an acidic solution. Specifically, the auxiliary agent is an emulsifying agent and is used for enabling mixed liquid of two or more mutually insoluble components to form stable emulsion; in this embodiment, the emulsifier may be selected from an emulsifier such as OP-10 (polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10) or sodium dodecyl sulfonate; the alkaline solution is strong alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; the acidic solution is phosphoric acid solution.
In this embodiment, the microporous template material is an organic fiber or microsphere dispersion;
wherein the organic fiber comprises one or more of polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber, and the microsphere comprises one or more of polystyrene microsphere, polypropylene microsphere, polyethylene microsphere, polylactic acid microsphere and polyacrylonitrile microsphere.
As an example, the microporous template material has a specific shape, which provides a microporous template, and the micropores are formed by high-temperature ablation of organic fibers or microspheres after degradation by a strong alkaline solution or a phosphoric acid solution to form uniform-scale micropores, wherein the micropores are holes generated by thermal oxidation of the organic material.
In this embodiment, the adhesive includes one or more of metakaolin, fly ash, mineral powder, silica sol, and coal tar.
As an example, the inorganic dispersion liquid is rich in a large amount of active carbon agents such as phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and the like, and inorganic adhesives such as metakaolin, fly ash, mineral powder, coal tar and the like, and in the process of preparing the inorganic dispersion liquid, nucleating agents such as nano zirconium dioxide, alumina and the like can be selectively added to accelerate the crystallization rate.
As described in the step S120, the bio-based material is carbonized at a first designated temperature for a first designated time, and mixed with the inorganic dispersion for a second designated time to be cured at a second designated temperature, thereby obtaining a porous cured material.
In one embodiment of the present application, the specific process of "carbonizing the bio-based material at the first specified temperature for the first specified time and mixing with the inorganic dispersion for the second specified time at the second specified temperature to obtain the porous cured material" in step S120 can be further described in conjunction with the following description.
In this embodiment, the bio-based material includes one or more of coconut shell, bamboo, walnut shell, and coal tar.
As an example, bio-based materials such as coconut shells, bamboo, walnut shells or straw are carbonized at 400-600 ℃ for 1-3 hours to be ground into powder according to 100:300 mass ratio, soaking biological base powder in the inorganic dispersion liquid, and curing for 2-8 hours at 80-150 ℃ to obtain the porous curing material; wherein the first designated temperature for carbonization may be 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃ or 600 ℃, and specifically may be selected according to practical situations; the first appointed time for carbonization can be 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h or 3h, and can be specifically selected according to actual conditions; the second specified temperature for curing can be 80 ℃,90 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃ or 150 ℃, and can be specifically selected according to practical situations; the second designated time for curing may be 2h, 3h, 5h, 6h or 8h, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
It should be noted that the curing times can be adjusted according to the state of the porous cured material after curing until the curing state of the material meets the requirements.
The porous cured material is activated at a third specified temperature for a third specified time and crushed to obtain porous particles as described in step S130.
In one embodiment of the present application, the specific process of "activating the porous cured material at the third specified temperature for the third specified time" described in step S130, cooling, neutralizing, washing, drying and pulverizing to obtain porous particles "may be further described in conjunction with the following description.
Thermally oxidizing the porous cured material at a fourth specified temperature for a fourth specified time to obtain the porous cured material having micro-scale pores;
the porous cured material having micro-scale pores is activated at a third designated temperature for a third designated time, and is cooled, neutralized, washed, dried and pulverized to obtain the porous particles having micro-scale pores and nano-scale pores, as described in the following steps.
As an example, the porous cured material obtained by degrading the organic fiber or microsphere by a strong alkali solution or a phosphoric acid solution is subjected to thermal oxidation at 400-600 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours to form uniform-scale micro-scale pores; wherein the fourth specified temperature can be 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃ or 600 ℃, and can be specifically selected according to practical conditions; the fourth specified time may be 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h or 2h, which may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
As an example, the porous solidifying material with micro-scale holes is activated for 3-5 hours at 700-900 ℃, cooled to room temperature, neutralized, washed clean and dried, and finally crushed to obtain the porous particles with nano-scale and micro-scale holes; specifically, if activated with phosphoric acid, it is neutralized with an alkaline solution, and if activated with a strong base, it is neutralized with a dilute acid; wherein the temperature of the third designated temperature can be 700 ℃, 750 ℃,800 ℃, 850 ℃ and 900 ℃, and can be specifically selected according to practical situations; the third specified time may be 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h or 5h, which may be specifically selected according to practical situations.
The nanoscale pores are formed by carbonizing and then activating a biological base material, and the nanoscale pores are formed by introducing porous materials such as carbon nanotubes and molecular sieves.
Mixing the porous particles with the porous material according to a first preset mass ratio, and mixing and hot-pressing the porous particles with the organic resin particles to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate; or mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a second preset mass ratio, and mixing the porous particles with a foaming material to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate.
In one embodiment of the present application, the step S140 of mixing the porous particles with the porous material according to the first preset mass ratio and mixing and hot-pressing the mixture with the organic resin particles to obtain the composite sound-absorbing panel may be further described in conjunction with the following description; or mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a second preset mass ratio, and mixing with a foaming material to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate.
As an example, the porous particles containing nano-scale and micro-scale holes and the organic resin particles are prepared by hot pressing and compounding at 100-200 ℃ according to the mass ratio of 1:1-20:1, so as to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate, wherein the composite sound-absorbing plate is a composite sound-absorbing particle plate with the density of 0.2-0.7g/cm 3 。
As an example, the temperature of the hot pressing temperature may be 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃, and 200 ℃, and may be specifically selected according to the actual situation.
In this embodiment, the porous material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, zeolite, molecular sieve, and graphene.
In this embodiment, the organic resin particles include one or more of phenolic resin particles, melamine resin particles, polyvinyl formal particles, polyvinyl butyral particles, and polymethyl methacrylate particles.
In this embodiment, the foaming material is an aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and the preparation method of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion includes:
preheating polyurethane prepolymer containing 1% -3% of isocyanate groups at a fifth specified temperature for a fifth specified time to obtain the aqueous polyurethane emulsion with 1% -5% of concentration.
As an example, porous particles containing nano-scale and micro-scale pores are compounded with a foaming material according to a mass ratio of 1:1-20:1, and the composite sound-absorbing plate is obtained. The foaming material is aqueous polyurethane emulsion with NCO (isocyanate group weight content) at the tail end, wherein the resin matrix is polyurethane prepolymer, the NCO percent content is 1% -3%, the polyurethane prepolymer is preheated for 0.2-1h at 20-50 ℃ and then emulsified and dispersed into emulsion with the concentration of 1% -5%, the porous particles are mixed with the aqueous polyurethane emulsion and then foamed for 12h to obtain the composite sound-absorbing board, and the composite sound-absorbing board is a composite sound-absorbing foam board with the density of 0.05-0.3g/cm 3 . Specifically, the fifth specified time may be 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, or 50 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; the fifth specified time may be 0.2h, 0.4h, 0.5h, 0.8h or 1h, preferably 0.5h.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
(1) And preparing a micro-nano fiber solution. Preparing a PVA spinning solution (polyvinyl alcohol fiber) with the concentration of 5%, wherein the solvent is hot water; adopting self-made electrostatic spinning equipment, adding an injector to directly spray the spinning solution into the continuously stirred aqueous solution through a nozzle under the condition that the spinning voltage is 15kV and the distance is 20cm, obtaining the electrostatic spinning solution with the concentration of 0.5%, and measuring the diameter of PVB fiber to be 0.6 mu m through a scanning electron microscope.
(2) An inorganic dispersion was prepared. 200g of the micro-nano fiber solution is weighed, a proper amount of 1% of emulsifier OP-10 is added into the solution, and after stirring and stirring, 10g of coal tar, 5g of coal ash, 10g of 50% alkaline silica sol and 100g of potassium hydroxide are added.
(3) Carbonizing coconut shells: 500g of coconut shell is weighed, high temperature carbonization is carried out for 1.5h at 550 ℃ to obtain coconut shell carbon, and 100g of coconut shell carbon powder is obtained by crushing the coconut shell carbon and sieving the crushed coconut shell carbon with a 200-mesh sieve.
(4) Coconut shell carbon activation: the coconut shell carbon powder is blended with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and is cured for 8 hours at 80 ℃ and then is cured for 2 hours at 100 ℃. After 400 ℃ high-temperature heat treatment for 2 hours, activating for 4 hours at 800 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, and obtaining the 40 multiplied by 70 mu micro-nano porous composite porous particles through cooling, neutralization, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving. The specific surface area tester measures the volume weight of the nano-scale holes by adopting a mercury intrusion method to analyze the micro-scale Kong Rongchong.
(5) And (3) preparing the composite sound absorption plate. Mixing the micro-nano porous composite porous particles with polyurethane thermoplastic resin according to the weight ratio of 100:15, and hot-pressing at 150 ℃ to form the composite sound-absorbing particle board with the thickness of 3.0cm and multiple holes, wherein the density is 0.53g/cm 3 . The volume weight of the millimeter-sized holes is measured by a flow resistance method, and the sound absorption performance of the composite sound absorption granular board is measured by an impedance pipe.
Example 2
(1) And preparing a micro-nano fiber solution. Preparing PVA spinning solution with concentration of 5%, wherein the solvent is hot water; adopting self-made electrostatic spinning equipment, adding an injector to directly spray the spinning solution into the continuously stirred aqueous solution through a nozzle under the condition that the spinning voltage is 15kV and the distance is 20cm, obtaining the electrostatic spinning solution with the concentration of 2%, and measuring the diameter of PVB fiber to be 0.6 mu m through a scanning electron microscope.
(2) An inorganic dispersion was prepared. 200g of the micro-nano fiber solution is weighed, a proper amount of 1% of emulsifier OP-10 is added into the solution, and after stirring and stirring, 10g of coal tar, 5g of coal ash, 10g of 50% alkaline silica sol and 100g of sodium hydroxide are added.
(3) Carbonizing coconut shells: 500g of coconut shell is weighed, and is carbonized at a high temperature of 500 ℃ for 2.0h to obtain coconut shell carbon, and the coconut shell carbon is crushed and then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain 100g of coconut shell carbon powder.
(4) Coconut shell carbon activation: the coconut shell carbon powder is blended with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and is cured for 8 hours at 80 ℃ and then is cured for 1.5 hours at 150 ℃. After high temperature treatment at 550 ℃ for 1h, activating for 5h at 700 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the 40X 70 mesh micro-nano porous composite porous particles. The second stage Kong Rongchong was analyzed by mercury intrusion and the specific surface area tester measured the volume weight of the nanoscale pores.
(5) And (3) preparing the composite sound absorption plate. The micro-nano porous composite activated carbon particles and self-made aqueous polyurethane emulsion (NCO% residual content is 0.5%) are mixed according to a ratio of 100:100, adding 1% silicone oil, pouring into a mold, foaming at room temperature for 4h to obtain a product with a thickness of 3.0cm and a density of 0.15g/cm 3 The composite sound absorbing foam board. The volume weight of the millimeter-sized holes is measured by a flow resistance method, and the sound absorption performance of the composite sound absorption foam board is measured by an impedance pipe.
Example 3
(1) And preparing a micro-nano fiber solution. Preparing PVA spinning solution with concentration of 5%, wherein the solvent is hot water; adopting self-made electrostatic spinning equipment, adding an injector to directly spray the spinning solution into the continuously stirred aqueous solution through a nozzle under the condition that the spinning voltage is 15kV and the distance is 20cm, obtaining the electrostatic spinning solution with the concentration of 2%, and measuring the diameter of PVB fiber to be 1.0 mu m through a scanning electron microscope.
(2) An inorganic dispersion was prepared. 200g of the micro-nano fiber solution is weighed, a proper amount of 1% of emulsifier OP-10 is added into the solution, and after stirring and stirring, 10g of coal tar, 5g of coal ash, 10g of 50% alkaline silica sol and 100g of potassium hydroxide are added.
(3) Carbonizing coconut shells: 500g of coconut shell is weighed, high temperature carbonization is carried out for 1.5h at 550 ℃ to obtain coconut shell carbon, and 100g of coconut shell carbon powder is obtained by crushing the coconut shell carbon and sieving the crushed coconut shell carbon with a 200-mesh sieve.
(4) Coconut shell carbon activation: the coconut shell carbon powder is blended with the inorganic dispersion liquid, cured for 7 hours at 90 ℃, and then cured for 2 hours at 120 ℃. After 600 ℃ high temperature heat treatment for 0.5h, activating for 3h at 900 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain 1mm micro-nano pore composite active carbon particles. The second stage Kong Rongchong was analyzed by mercury intrusion and the specific surface area tester measured the volume weight of the nanoscale pores.
(5) And (3) preparing the composite sound absorption plate. The micro-nano porous composite activated carbon particles and polyvinyl butyral resin are prepared according to a ratio of 100:15, and hot-pressing at 150 ℃ to form the composite sound-absorbing particle board with the thickness of 3.0cm and multiple holes, wherein the density is 0.45g/cm 3 . Millimeter-sized Kong Rongchong was measured using a flow resistance method and the sound absorption properties of the composite sound absorbing particulate board were measured using an impedance tube.
Example 4
(1) And preparing a micro-nano fiber solution. Preparing a PAN spinning solution (polyacrylonitrile microsphere) with the concentration of 5%, wherein a solvent is DMF (dimethylformamide); adopting self-made electrostatic spinning equipment, adding an injector to directly spray the spinning solution into the continuously stirred aqueous solution through a nozzle under the condition that the spinning voltage is 15kV and the distance is 20cm, obtaining the electrostatic spinning solution with the concentration of 1%, and measuring the diameter of PAN fiber to be 0.8 mu m through a scanning electron microscope.
(2) An inorganic dispersion was prepared. 300g of the micro-nano fiber solution is weighed, a proper amount of 1% of emulsifier OP-10 is added into the solution, and after stirring and stirring, 10g of coal tar, 5g of coal ash, 10g of 50% alkaline silica sol and 100g of potassium hydroxide are added.
(3) Carbonizing coconut shells: 500g of coconut shell is weighed, high temperature carbonization is carried out for 1.5h at 550 ℃ to obtain coconut shell carbon, and 100g of coconut shell carbon powder is obtained by crushing the coconut shell carbon and sieving the crushed coconut shell carbon with a 200-mesh sieve.
(4) Coconut shell carbon activation: the coconut shell carbon powder is blended with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and is cured for 8 hours at 80 ℃ and then is cured for 2 hours at 100 ℃. After being subjected to high-temperature heat treatment at 500 ℃ for 1h, the activated carbon particles are activated at 800 ℃ for 4h under nitrogen atmosphere, and are subjected to cooling, neutralization, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the 0.8mm micro-nano pore composite activated carbon particles. The second stage Kong Rongchong was analyzed by mercury intrusion and the specific surface area tester measured the volume weight of the nanoscale pores.
(5) And (3) preparing the composite sound absorption plate. Micro-nano pore composite active carbon particles and polyethyleneVinyl butyral resin at 100:15, and hot-pressing at 200 ℃ to form the composite sound-absorbing plate with the thickness of 3.0cm and multiple holes, wherein the density is 0.40g/cm 3 . The volume weight of the millimeter-sized holes is measured by a flow resistance method, and the sound absorption performance of the composite sound absorption plate is measured by an impedance tube.
Comparative example 1
With commercially available activated carbon particles (BET 1115cm 2 Per gram, kong Rongchong is 0.5g/cm 3 ) Compounding with polyvinyl butyral resin according to a ratio of 100:15, hot-pressing at 150 ℃ to form a composite sound-absorbing board with a thickness of 2.5cm and multiple holes, wherein the density is 0.42g/cm 3 。
Comparative example 2
With commercially available activated carbon particles (BET 2500cm 2 Per gram, kong Rongchong is 1.5g/cm 3 ) Compounding with polyvinyl butyral resin according to a ratio of 100:15, hot-pressing at 150 ℃ to form a composite sound-absorbing board with a thickness of 2.5cm and multiple holes, wherein the density is 0.55g/cm 3 。
Comparative example 3
According to the method of comparative example 1, activated carbon particles were prepared without adding any microfibers as a micron pore former during the preparation process, and then compounded with a polyurethane thermoplastic resin at a ratio of 100:15, and hot-pressed at 150℃to form a composite sound-absorbing panel having a thickness of 3.0cm and containing multiple pores, with a density of 0.48g/cm 3 。
The low frequency performance versus ratio of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 are shown in Table one:
list one
As can be seen from table one, the composite sound absorbing panel of the present embodiment exhibits higher low frequency sound absorbing performance, particularly, sound absorbing performance of 250Hz and 500 Hz; the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the glass wool sold in the market is lower, and the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the glass wool with the thickness of more than 10cm is equal to that of the composite sound absorption board of the embodiment.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.
The above description is made in detail of the composite acoustic board with multi-scale hole structure and the preparation method thereof, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and the implementation of the application, and the above examples are only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the composite sound absorption board with the multi-scale hole structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing an adhesive, an auxiliary agent and a microporous template material with a preset shape with an alkaline solution or an acidic solution to obtain an inorganic dispersion; wherein the adhesive comprises one or more of metakaolin, fly ash, mineral powder, silica sol and coal tar; the alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; the acid solution is phosphoric acid solution; the microporous template material is an organic fiber or microsphere, the organic fiber comprises one or more of polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber, and the microsphere comprises one or more of polystyrene microsphere, polypropylene microsphere, polyethylene microsphere, polylactic acid microsphere and polyacrylonitrile microsphere;
carbonizing a bio-based material at a first designated temperature for a first designated time, mixing the bio-based material with the inorganic dispersion liquid, and curing the bio-based material at a second designated temperature for a second designated time to obtain a porous cured material; wherein the bio-based material comprises one or more of coconut shells, bamboo, walnut shells and straw;
thermally oxidizing the porous cured material at a fourth specified temperature for a fourth specified time to obtain the porous cured material with micro-scale pores; activating the porous solidified material with the micro-scale holes at a third appointed temperature for a third appointed time, and cooling, neutralizing, cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain porous particles with the micro-scale holes and nano-scale holes;
mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a first preset mass ratio, and mixing and hot-pressing the porous particles with organic resin particles to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate; or mixing the porous particles with a porous material according to a second preset mass ratio and mixing the porous particles with a foaming material to obtain the composite sound-absorbing plate; wherein the porous material is one or more of carbon nano tube, zeolite, molecular sieve and graphene.
2. The method for preparing the composite sound absorbing panel with the multi-scale pore structure according to claim 1, wherein the foaming material is aqueous polyurethane emulsion, and the method for preparing the aqueous polyurethane emulsion comprises the following steps:
preheating polyurethane prepolymer containing 1% -3% of isocyanate groups at a fifth specified temperature for a fifth specified time to obtain the aqueous polyurethane emulsion with 1% -5% of concentration.
3. The method of making a composite acoustical panel of a multi-scale cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein the organic resin particles comprise one or more of phenolic resin particles, melamine resin particles, polyvinyl formal particles, polyvinyl butyral particles, and polymethyl methacrylate particles.
4. A composite sound absorbing panel prepared by the method for preparing a composite sound absorbing panel of a multi-scale hole structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composite sound absorbing panel comprises a composite sound absorbing material, the composite sound absorbing material comprises a first-stage hole with a diameter of less than 2nm, a second-stage hole with a diameter of 0.5 μm to 3 μm and a third-stage hole with a diameter of 0.1mm to 3 mm;
wherein the volume weight of the first-stage holes accounts for 5-50% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the second-stage holes accounts for 20-60% of the total volume weight of the holes, the volume weight of the third-stage Kong Rongchong accounts for 30-60% of the total volume weight of the holes, and the volume weight of the holes with other dimensions accounts for 0-10% of the total volume weight of the holes;
the first-stage holes are formed by two parts, one part is introduced by porous materials such as carbon nanotubes and molecular sieves with nanoscale holes, and the other part is generated by activating biological base materials in the preparation process of the composite sound absorption material; the second-stage holes are thermally oxidized and ablated at a high temperature to form holes with uniform dimensions after organic fiber dispersion liquid or microsphere dispersion liquid is degraded by alkaline or acid solution; the third-stage holes are formed by stacking porous particles obtained after high-temperature activation, cleaning and crushing.
5. The composite acoustical panel of claim 4, wherein said primary apertures have a diameter of less than 1.5nm; the diameter of the second-stage hole is 0.8-2 mu m; the diameter of the third-stage hole is 0.5mm-2 mm.
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