CN115256060B - Production method of grafting tool special for fruit trees - Google Patents
Production method of grafting tool special for fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN115256060B CN115256060B CN202210961830.5A CN202210961830A CN115256060B CN 115256060 B CN115256060 B CN 115256060B CN 202210961830 A CN202210961830 A CN 202210961830A CN 115256060 B CN115256060 B CN 115256060B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cutter body
- knife
- steel
- cutter
- fruit trees
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003872 anastomosis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a grafting tool special for fruit trees, and relates to the technical field of tools. Mixing German steel and Chinese steel, adding carbon, forging to form a cutter body blank, roughly processing the cutter body blank to form a cutter body rough blank, firstly polishing the cutter body of the cutter body rough blank, passivating the cutting edge, uniformly heating and then cooling the polished cutter body, repeating the steps three to four times, and normalizing the cutter body; quenching the normalized cutter body, tempering the cutter body, polishing the cutter body again, and mounting the polished cutter body with a cutter handle. The invention has simple operation, good wear resistance of the produced cutter, and further can improve the working efficiency, ensure the survival rate and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutters, in particular to a production method of a grafting cutter special for fruit trees.
Background
The fruit tree grafting knife is a common fruit forestry tool, and is used for grafting fruit trees, and the scions are cut off by utilizing the blades and cut off the stocks, and then are connected to the cutting positions of the stocks. The existing grafting cutter is generally a horizontal type or vertical type single blade, in order to ensure that the size of a cutting part of a stock is equal to that of a scion so as to ensure close anastomosis between the scion and the stock, the scion needs to be cut and taken down for multiple times by the single blade, and then the surface of the stock is taken down by cutting for the same times compared with the size of the scion. The steps need to be cut for many times, the abrasion of the cutter is particularly remarkable, the working efficiency is low when the cutter body is abraded, meanwhile, the tight anastomosis of the grafting positions is difficult to ensure, the survival rate is influenced, therefore, how to improve the abrasion resistance of the cutter is a problem to be solved urgently, and on the basis of the method, the development of a production method of the special grafting cutter for fruit trees is particularly necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of a grafting tool special for fruit trees, which is simple and convenient to operate, and the produced tool has good wear resistance, so that the working efficiency can be improved, the tight anastomosis of grafting positions is ensured, the survival rate is ensured, and the popularization and the use are easy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for producing a grafting tool special for fruit trees comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing German steel and Chinese steel, adding carbon, melting in a melting furnace, forging to form a cutter body blank, and rough machining the cutter body blank to form a cutter body rough blank;
(2) Firstly polishing a cutter body of the cutter body rough blank, and passivating a cutting edge;
(3) Uniformly heating the polished cutter body to 600-650 ℃, then cooling to 200-350 ℃, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, and normalizing the cutter body;
(4) Quenching the normalized cutter body at 950-1000 ℃ and oil quenching;
(5) Tempering the cutter body for 2-3 times at 560-580 ℃ after quenching, each time for 1h;
(6) Grinding the cutter body again, grinding the inner cutting edge first, grinding the outer cutting edge surface, and mounting the cutter body after grinding.
Preferably, the German steel in the step (1) adopts German 1.4116 steel, the Chinese steel adopts X45CrMoV15 steel, and the addition ratio of the German steel to the Chinese steel is 1.25-1.3:1, the carbon accounts for 0.45-0.55% of the whole steel.
Preferably, in the step (2), the cutter body of the rough cutter body blank is polished by adopting sand paper, and the number of sand paper is from low to high.
Preferably, in the step (3), the cutter body is repeatedly pulled back and forth and turned over during normalizing, so that the cutter body is ensured to be heated uniformly at 600-650 ℃.
Preferably, the normalized cutter body in the step (4) is quenched, firstly, one third of the width of the cutter body is placed in oil from the cutting edge for 12-15 seconds, then one third of the width of the cutter body is placed in oil for 12-15 seconds, and finally, the whole cutter body is immersed in the oil.
Preferably, the step (6) adopts a knife stone for polishing, firstly the knife body and the knife stone form an inner cutting edge with an angle of 4-6 degrees, and then the knife body and the knife stone form an outer cutting edge with an angle of 6-9 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the production method is simple and convenient to operate, and the special grafting tool for the fruit trees produced by the method has good wear resistance, can improve the working efficiency, ensures the tight anastomosis of grafting positions, improves the survival rate, and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: a method for producing a grafting tool special for fruit trees comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing German steel and Chinese steel, adding carbon, melting in a melting furnace, forging to form a cutter body blank, and rough machining the cutter body blank to form a cutter body rough blank;
(2) Firstly polishing a cutter body of the cutter body rough blank, and passivating a cutting edge;
(3) Uniformly heating the polished cutter body to 600-650 ℃, then cooling to 200-350 ℃, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, and normalizing the cutter body;
(4) Quenching the normalized cutter body at 950-1000 ℃ and oil quenching;
(5) Tempering the cutter body for 2-3 times at 560-580 ℃ after quenching, each time for 1h;
(6) Grinding the cutter body again, grinding the inner cutting edge first, grinding the outer cutting edge surface, and mounting the cutter body after grinding.
Notably, the step (2) adopts sand paper to polish the cutter body of the cutter body rough blank, the number of sand paper is from low to high, and the situation that the cutting edge is cracked or warped can be reduced.
In addition, the step (6) adopts a knife stone for polishing, firstly the knife body and the knife stone form an inner cutting edge with an angle of 4-6 degrees, and then the knife body and the knife stone form an outer cutting edge with an angle of 6-9 degrees.
When the cutter body of the specific embodiment is normalized, the cutter body is repeatedly pulled back and forth and turned over, so that the cutter body is guaranteed to be heated uniformly at 600-650 ℃, after the normalizing, the cutter body has stronger resistance to warping in the quenching process, and the steel structure can be stabilized. The normalized cutter body is subjected to quenching heat treatment, firstly, one third of the width of the cutter body is placed in oil from a cutter edge for 12-15 seconds, then one third of the width of the cutter body is placed in the oil for 12-15 seconds, and finally, the whole cutter body is immersed in the oil; the process does not splash oil nor lose heat. The quenched knife is tempered, the operation can eliminate the internal stress remained on the knife body during quenching, reduce the brittleness of the knife, greatly raise the elastic limit and toughness of the steel, make the knife edge very sharp, and maintain certain strength and flexibility.
The concrete implementation mode adopts German steel and Chinese steel to mix and add raw materials of carbon for production, wherein German steel is preferably German 1.4116 steel, chinese steel is X45CrMoV15 steel, and the addition ratio of German steel to Chinese steel is 1.25-1.3:1, the proportion of carbon added accounts for 0.45-0.55% of the whole steel, so that the produced cutter is sharper and more wear-resistant, the comprehensive performance of the cutter can be greatly improved, the efficiency of fruit tree grafting operation is improved, the survival rate is indirectly improved, and the cutter has wide market application prospect.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The production method of the grafting tool special for the fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing German steel and Chinese steel, adding carbon, melting in a melting furnace, forging to form a cutter body blank, and rough machining the cutter body blank to form a cutter body rough blank;
(2) Firstly polishing a cutter body of the cutter body rough blank, and passivating a cutting edge;
(3) Uniformly heating the polished cutter body to 600-650 ℃, then cooling to 200-350 ℃, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, and normalizing the cutter body;
(4) Quenching the normalized cutter body at 950-1000 ℃ and oil quenching;
(5) Tempering the cutter body for 2-3 times at 560-580 ℃ after quenching, each time for 1h;
(6) Grinding the cutter body again, grinding the inner cutting edge first, grinding the outer cutting edge surface again, and mounting the cutter body after grinding;
the German steel in the step (1) adopts German 1.4116 steel, the Chinese steel adopts X45CrMoV15 steel, and the addition ratio of the German steel to the Chinese steel is 1.25-1.3:1, the carbon accounts for 0.45-0.55% of the whole steel.
2. The method for producing the grafting knife specially used for the fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) adopts sand paper to polish the knife body of the rough embryo of the knife body, and the number of sand paper is from low to high.
3. The method for producing the grafting knife specially used for the fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the knife body in the step (3) is repeatedly pulled back and forth and turned over during normalizing, so that the knife body is ensured to be heated uniformly at 600-650 ℃.
4. The method for producing the grafting knife specially used for the fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the knife body after normalizing in the step (4) is quenched, firstly, one third of the width of the knife body is placed in oil from a knife edge for 12-15 seconds, then one third of the width of the knife body is placed in the oil for 12-15 seconds, and finally, the whole knife body is immersed in the oil.
5. The method for producing the grafting knife specially used for the fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) adopts a knife stone for polishing, firstly the knife body and the knife stone form an inner edge of 4 degrees to 6 degrees, and then the knife body and the knife stone form an outer edge of 6 degrees to 9 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210961830.5A CN115256060B (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Production method of grafting tool special for fruit trees |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210961830.5A CN115256060B (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Production method of grafting tool special for fruit trees |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115256060A CN115256060A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN115256060B true CN115256060B (en) | 2023-12-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210961830.5A Active CN115256060B (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Production method of grafting tool special for fruit trees |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115256060B (en) |
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