CN115254474B - 一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法 - Google Patents

一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法 Download PDF

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CN115254474B
CN115254474B CN202210885911.1A CN202210885911A CN115254474B CN 115254474 B CN115254474 B CN 115254474B CN 202210885911 A CN202210885911 A CN 202210885911A CN 115254474 B CN115254474 B CN 115254474B
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caliber
snow
outlet
shell
inner core
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CN115254474A (zh
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董佩文
熊通
刘国强
晏刚
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3415Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with swirl imparting inserts upstream of the swirl chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/32Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages in which a valve member forms part of the outlet opening
    • B05B1/326Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages in which a valve member forms part of the outlet opening the valve being a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3468Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with means for controlling the flow of liquid entering or leaving the swirl chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25CPRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25CPRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048Snow making by using means for spraying water

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法,所述喷嘴结构由外壳、内芯、入口、旋流腔、出口、分流孔、旋流槽、弹片和滑动杠杆组成,具有大口径和小口径两种模式,可通过调节喷嘴出口口径,控制雾化效果,进行造雪。雾化粒径越小,水滴冻结换热量越少,且换热比表面积更大,换热速率更快。当环境温湿度较低时,切换大口径模式;当环境温湿度较高时,切换小口径模式,保证水滴在落地之前冻结,改善成雪品质。同时,还可以根据不同需求来改变雪密度。大口径模式下,雪密度较大,雪质紧实;小口径模式下,雪密度较小,雪质蓬松。本发明既能适应不同环境下的造雪,改善雾化效果,提高成雪品质,又能根据不同雪密度需求进行造雪,适应不同项目要求。

Description

一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法
技术领域
本发明属于造雪机技术领域,具体涉及一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法。
技术背景
造雪机作为提供稳定雪资源的人工造雪设备,已经是冬季滑雪场保证营运必不可少的装备之一。目前应用最为广泛的内混型造雪机是采用核子器和旋流喷嘴作为核心雾化部件,高压水通过喷嘴喷射雾化形成细小水滴,再与核子器提供的冰晶核碰撞后催化冻结,形成雪花。因此,喷嘴雾化效果是造雪机成雪的关键,雾化水滴粒径较大时,水滴完全冻结所需释放的热量更多,冻结时间更长,且换热比表面积小,换热速率较慢;而当雾化粒径较小时,水滴完全冻结所需释放的热量更少,冻结时间更短,且换热比表面积更大,换热速率更快。当环境温度和相对湿度较高时,水滴换热和蒸发速率慢,部分喷嘴雾化水滴在落地前未能完全冻结,以液态落地,将会严重影响雪质。因此有必要根据不同环境温湿度调节雾化水滴粒径以适应不同环境下的造雪,保证成雪品质。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法,本发明既能适应不同环境下的造雪,改善雾化效果,提高成雪品质,又能根据不同雪密度需求进行造雪,以适应不同雪质需求的雪上项目。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构,由外壳1、内芯2、入口3、旋流腔4、出口5、分流孔6、旋流槽7、弹片8和滑动杠杆9组成;所述外壳1前端开口为入口3,后端开口为出口5,内芯2放置于外壳1内部,与外壳1不固定,能够沿入口-出口方向相对滑动;内芯2表面有旋转螺纹与外壳1之间形成旋流槽7供流体通过;在靠近出口5方向上外壳1与内芯2之间形成的空心腔为旋流腔4,水流在旋流腔4内旋转流动;内芯2中心设有分流孔6,能够将入口水流分流至旋流槽7;弹片8为两个对称放置的弹性金属薄片,位于内芯2前端,紧贴外壳1内壁面,弹片8前端开口圆弧直径为d小于出口5口径D,通过滑动内芯2使弹片8变形带动弹片8前端开口圆弧直径变化,进而改变喷嘴口径;滑动杠杆9分别与外壳1和内芯2连接并延伸至外壳1外部,用于控制内芯2滑动;运行时,水流通过入口3进入喷嘴,经分流孔6分流后进入旋流槽7获得旋转加速,然后进入旋流腔4进行旋转流动,再从出口5喷射雾化,形成空心锥型旋流喷雾。
所述喷嘴结构具有大口径和小口径两种模式可调;向出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9使内芯2向远离出口5方向移动,弹片8缩回外壳1内壁面,喷嘴口径为外壳的出口5口径D,此时为大口径模式;向远离出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9使内芯2向出口5方向移动,弹片8沿外壳1内壁面向出口5方向滑出,弹片形成孔口直径为d,d<D,喷嘴口径变为d,此时为小口径模式。
大口径模式时,向出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9,雾化水滴为索特平均粒径≥70μm的大水滴,适用于温度、湿度较低环境下的造雪,或者较高雪密度需求下的造雪;小口径模式时,向远离出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9,雾化水滴为索特平均粒径<70μm的小水滴,适用于温度、湿度较高环境下的造雪,或者较低雪密度需求下的造雪。
所述温度、湿度较低环境为温度<-15℃,湿度<50%;所述温度、湿度较高环境为温度-5~-15℃,湿度≥50%。
所述较高雪密度需求为雪密度≥500kg·m-3;所述较低雪密度需求为雪密度<500kg·m-3
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下明显优势:
1)本发明提出了一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构及调节方法,该喷嘴结构具有大、小口径两种模式来调节雾化效果,以适应不同环境下的造雪,提高成雪品质;
2)本发明提出的可调节口径的喷嘴结构,可以根据雪密度需求来改变雾化粒径大小,进而改变雪密度,以适应不同滑雪场地和运动项目的雪密度需求。
附图说明
图1(a)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的结构示意图。图1(b)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的内芯的结构示意图。
图2(a)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的大口径模式下的俯视图。图2(b)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的大口径模式下沿图1(a)的A-A向剖面图。
图3(a)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的小口径模式下的俯视图。图3(b)是本发明可调节口径喷嘴的小口径模式下沿图1(a)的A-A向剖面图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚简明,以下结合附图及一种实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
如图1a和图1b所示,本发明一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构,由外壳1、内芯2、入口3、旋流腔4、出口5、分流孔6、旋流槽7、弹片8和滑动杠杆9组成。
外壳1前端开口为入口3,后端开口为出口5,内芯2放置于外壳1内部,与外壳1不固定,可以沿入口-出口方向相对滑动;内芯2表面有旋转螺纹与外壳1之间形成旋流槽7可供流体通过;在靠近出口5方向上外壳1与内芯2之间形成的空心腔为旋流腔4,水流可以在旋流腔4内旋转流动;内芯2中心设有分流孔6,可以将入口水流分流至旋流槽7;内芯2表面有旋转螺纹与外壳1之间形成旋流槽7可供流体通过;弹片8为两个对称的弹性金属薄片,位于内芯前端,紧贴外壳1内壁面,弹片8前端开口圆弧直径为d小于出口5口径D,可以通过滑动内芯2改变弹片8的位置进而改变喷嘴口径;滑动杠杆9分别与外壳1和内芯2连接并延伸至外壳1外部,用于控制内芯2滑动。运行时,水流通过入口3进入喷嘴,经分流孔6分流后进入旋流槽7获得旋转加速,然后进入旋流腔4进行旋转流动,再从出口5喷射雾化,形成空心锥型旋流喷雾。
喷嘴具有大口径和小口径两种模式;如图2a和图2b所示,向出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9使内芯2向远离出口5方向移动,弹片8缩回外壳1内壁面,喷嘴口径为外壳1的出口5口径D,此时为大口径模式;如图3a和图3b所示,向远离出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9使内芯2向出口5方向移动,弹片8沿外壳1内壁面向出口5方向滑出,弹片形成孔口直径为d,d<D,喷嘴口径变为d,此时为小口径模式。
调节方法如下:
大口径模式时,向出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9,雾化水滴较大(建议索特平均粒径≥70μm),适用于温度、湿度较低环境下的造雪(建议温度<-15℃,湿度<50%),或者较高雪密度需求下的造雪(建议雪密度≥500kg·m-3);小口径模式时,向远离出口5方向推动滑动杠杆9,雾化水滴较小(建议索特平均粒径<70μm),适用于温度、湿度较高环境下的造雪(建议温度-5~-15℃,湿度≥50%),或者较低雪密度需求下的造雪(建议雪密度<500kg·m-3)。
本发明喷嘴结构可通过调节喷嘴出口口径,控制雾化效果。喷嘴具有大口径和小口径两种模式,当环境温湿度较低时水滴冻结速度较快,此时切换大口径模式进行造雪;当环境温湿度较高时水滴冻结速度较慢,此时切换小口径模式进行造雪,使雾化粒径变小,水滴冻结所需释放的热量更少,冻结时间更短,且换热比表面积更大,换热速率更快,使水滴在落地之前能够冻结,改善成雪品质。同时,还可以根据不同滑雪场地的雪密度需求来改变雾化粒径大小,进而改变雪密度。大口径模式下,成雪密度较大,雪质紧实,适用于需要较高雪密度的运动项目和场地;小口径模式下,成雪密度较小,雪质蓬松,适用于需要较低雪密度的运动项目和场地。本发明既能适应不同环境下的造雪,改善雾化效果,提高成雪品质,又能根据不同雪密度需求进行造雪,以适应不同雪质需求的雪上项目。

Claims (5)

1.一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构,其特征在于:由外壳(1)、内芯(2)、入口(3)、旋流腔(4)、出口(5)、分流孔(6)、旋流槽(7)、弹片(8)和滑动杠杆(9)组成;所述外壳(1)前端开口为入口(3),后端开口为出口(5),内芯(2)放置于外壳(1)内部,与外壳(1)不固定,能够沿入口-出口方向相对滑动;内芯(2)表面有旋转螺纹与外壳(1)之间形成旋流槽(7)供流体通过;在靠近出口(5)方向上外壳(1)与内芯(2)之间形成的空心腔为旋流腔(4),水流在旋流腔(4)内旋转流动;内芯(2)中心设有分流孔(6),能够将入口水流分流至旋流槽(7);弹片(8)为两个对称放置的弹性金属薄片,位于内芯(2)前端,紧贴外壳(1)内壁面,弹片(8)前端开口圆弧直径为d小于出口(5)口径D,通过滑动内芯(2)使弹片(8)变形带动弹片(8)前端开口圆弧直径变化,进而改变喷嘴口径;滑动杠杆(9)分别与外壳(1)和内芯(2)连接并延伸至外壳(1)外部,用于控制内芯(2)滑动;运行时,水流通过入口(3)进入喷嘴,经分流孔(6)分流后进入旋流槽(7)获得旋转加速,然后进入旋流腔(4)进行旋转流动,再从出口(5)喷射雾化,形成空心锥型旋流喷雾。
2.权利要求1所述的一种可调节口径的喷嘴结构的调节方法,其特征在于:所述喷嘴结构具有大口径和小口径两种模式可调;向出口(5)方向推动滑动杠杆(9)使内芯(2)向远离出口(5)方向移动,弹片(8)缩回外壳(1)内壁面,喷嘴口径为外壳的出口(5)口径D,此时为大口径模式;向远离出口(5)方向推动滑动杠杆(9)使内芯(2)向出口(5)方向移动,弹片(8)沿外壳(1)内壁面向出口(5)方向滑出,弹片形成孔口直径为d,d<D,喷嘴口径变为d,此时为小口径模式。
3.根据权利要求2所述的调节方法,其特征在于:
大口径模式时,向出口(5)方向推动滑动杠杆(9),雾化水滴为索特平均粒径≥70μm的大水滴,适用于温度、湿度较低环境下的造雪,或者较高雪密度需求下的造雪;小口径模式时,向远离出口(5)方向推动滑动杠杆(9),雾化水滴为索特平均粒径<70μm的小水滴,适用于温度、湿度较高环境下的造雪,或者较低雪密度需求下的造雪。
4.根据权利要求3所述的调节方法,其特征在于:所述温度、湿度较低环境为温度<-15℃,湿度<50%;所述温度、湿度较高环境为温度-5~-15℃,湿度≥50%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的调节方法,其特征在于:所述较高雪密度需求为雪密度≥500kg·m-3;所述较低雪密度需求为雪密度<500kg·m-3
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1710519A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 Lenko Snow AB A method and device for snow making
CN105750111A (zh) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-13 李依真 流体雾化喷嘴及具有该喷嘴的密度测定装置和干燥装置
CN107617516A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-01-23 中国农业大学 一种口径自动调节的扇形喷头
CN209174228U (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-07-30 黄启梁 低压耗造雪机喷嘴

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1710519A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 Lenko Snow AB A method and device for snow making
CN105750111A (zh) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-13 李依真 流体雾化喷嘴及具有该喷嘴的密度测定装置和干燥装置
CN107617516A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-01-23 中国农业大学 一种口径自动调节的扇形喷头
CN209174228U (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-07-30 黄启梁 低压耗造雪机喷嘴

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