CN115253378B - Multistage centrifugal extraction system and centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction - Google Patents
Multistage centrifugal extraction system and centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN115253378B CN115253378B CN202210892789.0A CN202210892789A CN115253378B CN 115253378 B CN115253378 B CN 115253378B CN 202210892789 A CN202210892789 A CN 202210892789A CN 115253378 B CN115253378 B CN 115253378B
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 77
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0476—Moving receptacles, e.g. rotating receptacles
- B01D11/048—Mixing by counter-current streams provoked by centrifugal force, in rotating coils or in other rotating spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0484—Controlling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0488—Flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0492—Applications, solvents used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a centrifugal extractor, in particular to a multistage centrifugal extraction system and a centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction. The multistage centrifugal extraction system comprises centrifugal extractors which are arranged in multistage and graded mode, and each centrifugal extractor comprises three N, N +1 and N+2 stages of extractors which are adjacent in sequence; the first collecting cavity of the N-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in, or the first collecting cavity of the N-stage extractor is connected with a first connecting pipeline, and the first connecting pipeline is connected with a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in. The invention can solve the problem that the existing multistage centrifugal extraction system is difficult to improve the mixing mass transfer effect, can realize pre-mixing, increase the mixing path and the mixing time, and improve the mass transfer effect. Meanwhile, the mixing mode is medium-weak intensity mixing, and the emulsification phenomenon during the process of enhancing mixing by high-speed stirring of the mixing blades is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a centrifugal extractor, in particular to a multistage centrifugal extraction system and a centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction.
Background
The centrifugal extraction technology is a novel high-efficiency separation technology for realizing the rapid contact, mixing, mass transfer and separation of liquid-liquid two phases by virtue of centrifugal force. Compared with other extraction technologies, the method has the characteristics of small occupied area, high stage efficiency, small using amount of the extractant, good sealing property, high automation degree, convenient realization of clean production and the like, and has been widely used in various fields of hydrometallurgy, wastewater treatment, medicine, chemical industry, food and the like. The existing centrifugal extractor such as the centrifugal extractor disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN202638044U comprises a shell, wherein a light phase feeding port and a heavy phase feeding port are arranged on the shell, a rotary drum is rotatably assembled in the shell, a light phase collecting cavity and a heavy phase collecting cavity are correspondingly arranged at the top of the rotary drum, and the light phase collecting cavity and the heavy phase collecting cavity are respectively led to the outside through a light phase discharging port and a heavy phase discharging port which are correspondingly arranged on the shell. When the rotary drum is used, the light liquid phase and the heavy liquid phase respectively enter an annular gap between the rotary drum and the shell from the light phase feeding port and the heavy phase feeding port, and are rapidly mixed by the rotation of the rotary drum; the mixed liquid enters the inner cavity of the rotary drum through a channel at the bottom of the rotary drum, is gradually separated in the process of flowing from bottom to top, and the separated liquid-liquid phases are respectively collected into a light phase collecting cavity and a heavy phase collecting cavity after passing through a light phase weir plate and a heavy phase weir plate and are respectively discharged from a light phase discharge port and a heavy phase discharge port. There are also centrifugal extractors in the prior art in which a mixing chamber with a mixing impeller is provided at the bottom of the bowl and a light phase feed inlet and a heavy phase feed inlet are provided on the mixing chamber.
However, centrifugal extractors have a remarkable feature that the time for mass transfer by two phases in contact is short, even as short as a fraction of a second, and thus are disadvantageous for the improvement of extraction rate. In order to improve the mass transfer effect, a scheme of adding a mixing impeller to increase the mixing intensity, setting a heating system to improve the mixing temperature of feed liquid or setting a premixing device to perform premixing outside a centrifugal extractor is generally adopted at present. However, the mixing intensity is too high, so that the emulsification phenomenon of the feed liquid can be caused, the heating system can be arranged to increase the structural complexity and the energy consumption for use, and the premixing device can be arranged to increase the occupied area and the maintenance cost.
In the prior art, there is also a scheme for improving the mass transfer effect by adding a mass transfer path, for example, a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in Chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN105013361A is composed of a cylinder body, a feed inlet, a spiral vortex channel, a baffle plate, a vortex guide vane, a bottom plate and a discharge port part; the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a spiral vortex channel downwards along the clockwise direction, and the bottom plate is provided with a vortex guide vane. The two-phase feed liquid enters the spiral vortex channel of the centrifugal machine from the feed inlet respectively to start the premixing process, enters the vortex guide vane along the spiral vortex channel, and then spirally enters the mixing chamber along the vortex guide vane to finish the unpowered premixing process in the centrifugal machine, so that the increase of the occupied area can be avoided, and the energy consumption can not be increased.
In order to better realize mass transfer, a plurality of centrifugal extractors are connected in series to form a multistage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art, so as to realize multistage mass transfer. For example, the connection structure of an industrialized centrifugal extraction unit with simple structure disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN206715362U comprises a plurality of centrifugal extractors, wherein a light phase feed inlet on the centrifugal extractor of the present stage is communicated with a light phase discharge outlet on the centrifugal extractor of the lower stage, and a heavy phase feed inlet on the centrifugal extractor of the present stage is communicated with a heavy phase discharge outlet on the centrifugal extractor of the lower stage, so that mass transfer times are increased by multistage combination to improve mass transfer effect. A multistage countercurrent centrifugal extractor disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN203634857U also adopts a multistage mass transfer structure.
The multistage centrifugal extraction system can improve the mixed mass transfer effect by increasing the mass transfer times, but for a feed liquid system with some mixed effects mainly influenced by the mass transfer time, the mixed mass transfer effect can be limited due to the limited time of two-phase contact mass transfer of a single centrifugal extractor, and the increase of the stages of the centrifugal extractor can cause overhigh cost and overlarge occupied area of a field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage centrifugal extraction system, which solves the problem that the mixed mass transfer effect of the existing multistage centrifugal extraction system is limited. Another object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction, which can solve the problem that the centrifugal extractor in the existing multistage centrifugal extraction system is difficult to improve the mixing mass transfer effect.
The multistage centrifugal extraction system adopts the following technical scheme:
The multistage centrifugal extraction system is a countercurrent extraction system and comprises a multistage centrifugal extractor which is arranged in a grading way, wherein the centrifugal extractor comprises a shell, and a first collecting cavity and a second collecting cavity which are respectively used for collecting first phase feed liquid and second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum are arranged in the shell; the centrifugal extractors in the multistage hierarchical arrangement comprise three sequentially adjacent N-th, N+1-th and N+2-th extractors, a first discharge hole for discharging first phase feed liquid is formed in a first collecting cavity of each of the N-th and N+1-th extractors, a first feed hole for flowing the first phase feed liquid is formed in each of the N+1-th and N+2-th extractors, a first phase connecting pipeline is connected between the first discharge hole of each of the N-th and N+1-th extractors, and a first phase connecting pipeline is connected between the first discharge hole of each of the N+1-th and N+2-th extractors; the first collecting cavity of the N-stage extractor is connected with a trans-stage return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in, or the first connecting pipeline connected with the N-stage extractor is connected with a trans-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the first collecting cavity of the N-th level extractor is communicated with the second collecting cavity of the N+2-th level extractor through the cross-level return pipeline, the first collecting cavity of the N-th level extractor and the first connecting pipeline of the N-th level extractor can be used as mixing places of two-phase feed liquid, so that the feed liquid mixing mass transfer path and time can be effectively prolonged, or the first collecting cavity of the N-th level extractor and the first connecting pipeline connected with the first discharge port of the N+2-th level extractor are communicated through the cross-level discharge pipeline, and the first connecting pipeline of the N-th level extractor can be used as mixing places of two-phase feed liquid, so that the feed liquid mixing mass transfer path and time can be effectively prolonged; compared with the prior art that the mixing mass transfer is carried out by only relying on the existing mixing chamber in the centrifugal extractor, the mixing mass transfer effect can be more effectively improved.
As a further defined technical solution: the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline is an inclined pipeline, one end close to the (N+2) th stage extractor is higher than the other end, and the feed liquid is automatically conveyed by gravity.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effects that the self-conveying can be realized by utilizing the self gravity of the feed liquid and the kinetic energy formed by the centrifugal force when the feed liquid is thrown out from the rotary drum rotating at high speed, a pumping device is not required to be arranged, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the occupied space is small.
As a further defined technical solution: the installation height of the (N+2) th-stage extractor is greater than that of the (N) th-stage extractor, so that a cross-stage return pipeline or a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline is in an inclined state.
The further defined technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the flexible arrangement of the interfaces connected with the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline on the centrifugal extractor can be facilitated, and the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline can be ensured to be an inclined pipeline.
As a further defined technical solution: a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the cavity wall of the first collecting cavity connected with the cross-stage return pipeline; or a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the pipe wall of the first connecting pipeline connected with the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the turbulent flow structure can further enhance the mixed mass transfer effect and further improve the extraction rate.
As a further defined technical solution: the turbulence structures comprise sheet-like raised structures and/or raised and recessed structures.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effects that the sheet-shaped convex structures and/or the convex-concave structures are convenient to process, and the turbulence effect is easy to ensure.
As a further defined technical solution: the first discharge hole for discharging the first phase feed liquid on the first collecting cavity is provided with a gap along the circumferential direction of the shell with a cross-stage backflow feed inlet for connecting a cross-stage backflow pipeline.
The technical scheme further defined above has the advantage that the circumferential interval can be utilized to further prolong the mass transfer path and the mass transfer time.
As a further defined technical solution: the second feeding port on the (N+1) th-stage extractor is connected with a second phase connecting pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity of the (N+2) th-stage extractor to flow in.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effects that the conveying of a part of feed liquid can be realized by fully utilizing the existing second phase connecting pipeline, and the larger flow requirement is met.
As a further defined technical solution: a second discharging pipeline for circulating second phase feed liquid is not arranged between the second collecting cavity of the n+2-stage extractor and the n+1-stage extractor, and a cross-stage return pipeline or a cross-stage discharging pipeline return pipeline is connected between the second collecting cavity and the N-stage extractor; the centrifugal extractor at the initial position along the flow path of the first phase feed liquid in the multistage centrifugal extraction system is connected with a second phase connecting pipeline which is communicated with a second collecting cavity of the centrifugal extractor at the adjacent stage.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effects of being beneficial to reducing the number of pipelines, simplifying the structure and reducing the cost.
The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction adopts the following technical scheme:
The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction comprises a shell, wherein a first collecting cavity and a second collecting cavity for respectively collecting first phase feed liquid and second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum are arranged in the shell; the first collecting cavity is provided with more than two external communication ports, one of which is a discharge port, and the other is a cross-stage backflow feed port for communicating with a second collecting cavity on the centrifugal extractor which is separated from the centrifugal extractor by one stage; and/or the second collecting cavity is provided with more than two external communication ports, wherein one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-stage backflow discharge port for communicating with a first collecting cavity on the centrifugal extractor which is separated from the centrifugal extractor by one stage.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the cross-stage reflux feed inlet and/or the cross-stage reflux discharge outlet can be connected with the cross-stage reflux pipeline, so that the first collecting cavity of the N-stage extractor is communicated with the second collecting cavity of the (n+2) -th stage extractor, and the first collecting cavity of the N-stage extractor and the first connecting pipeline of the N-stage extractor can be used as a mixing place of two-phase feed liquid, thereby effectively prolonging the feed liquid mixing mass transfer path and time; compared with the prior art that the mixing mass transfer is carried out by only relying on the existing mixing chamber in the centrifugal extractor, the mixing mass transfer effect can be more effectively improved.
As a further defined technical solution: and a turbulence structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the cavity wall of the first collecting cavity provided with the cross-stage backflow feed inlet.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the turbulent flow structure can further enhance the mixed mass transfer effect and further improve the extraction rate.
As a further defined technical solution: the turbulence structures comprise sheet-like raised structures and/or raised and recessed structures.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effects that the sheet-shaped convex structures and/or the convex-concave structures are convenient to process, and the turbulence effect is easy to ensure.
As a further defined technical solution: the first discharge hole for discharging the first phase feed liquid on the first collecting cavity is provided with a gap along the circumferential direction of the shell with a cross-stage backflow feed inlet for connecting a cross-stage backflow pipeline.
The technical scheme further defined above has the advantage that the circumferential interval can be utilized to further prolong the mass transfer path and the mass transfer time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of example 1 of a multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view (left-to-right in the drawing sheet itself) of the third stage extractor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction according to the present invention.
The names of the corresponding components in the figures are: 11. a first stage extractor; 12. a second-stage extractor; 13. a third stage extractor; 14. a fourth stage extractor; 15. a fifth stage extractor; 21. a housing; 22. a first feed port; 23. a second feed inlet; 24. a first discharge port; 25. a second discharge port; 26. a first collection chamber; 27. a second collection chamber; 281. a cross-stage reflux feed inlet; 282. a cross-stage reflux discharge port; 291. a first connecting line; 292. a second phase connection line; 210. a trans-stage return line; 211. spiral vortex path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the phrase "comprising one … …" or the like does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a depicted element.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected," as may be used broadly, and may be connected, for example, fixedly, detachably, or integrally, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly, indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with the interior of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "provided" as may occur, for example, as an object of "provided" may be a part of a body, may be separately arranged from the body, and may be connected to the body, and may be detachably connected or may be non-detachably connected. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multistage centrifugal extraction system includes five centrifugal extractors arranged in a grading manner, wherein the five centrifugal extractors are a first-stage extractor 11, a second-stage extractor 12, a third-stage extractor 13, a fourth-stage extractor 14 and a fifth-stage extractor 15, respectively, so as to form a five-stage centrifugal extraction structure for extracting target substances in heavy-phase feed liquid introduced by the fifth-stage extractor 15 into light-phase feed liquid introduced by the first-stage extractor 11. Hereinafter, the light phase feed liquid is referred to as a first phase feed liquid, and the heavy phase feed liquid is referred to as a second phase feed liquid. As is known in the art, depending on the arrangement of the light phase and heavy phase weirs in the housing 21, the first collection chamber 26 and the first discharge port 24 may also be adapted to discharge heavy phase feed liquid, and the second collection chamber 27 and the second discharge port 25 may also be adapted to discharge light phase feed liquid.
As shown in fig. 3, the centrifugal extractor includes a housing 21, and a first feed joint and a second feed joint in the form of flange pipes are provided in the middle of the housing 21 in the height direction, and a first feed port 22 and a second feed port 23 are formed in the cavity wall of the housing 21, respectively. The first feed port 22 and the second feed port 23 are fed with the first phase feed liquid and the second phase feed liquid, respectively. The upper portion of casing 21 is equipped with first ejection of compact joint and the second ejection of compact joint of flange pipe form, and first ejection of compact joint and second ejection of compact joint form first discharge gate 24 and second discharge gate 25 respectively on the chamber wall of casing 21, and first discharge gate 24 and second discharge gate 25 supply first phase feed liquid and second phase feed liquid ejection of compact respectively. A first collecting chamber 26 and a second collecting chamber 27 (refer to fig. 5, which is another embodiment of a multi-stage extraction centrifugal extractor) are disposed in the casing 21 and correspond to the first discharge port 24 and the second discharge port 25, respectively, so that the light-heavy two-phase liquid discharged from the drum after centrifugal separation can be collected respectively. The second collecting chamber 27 is located above the first collecting chamber 26, and the first discharge port 24 and the second discharge port 25 are respectively arranged on the chamber side walls of the first collecting chamber 26 and the second collecting chamber 27. The first collecting cavity 26 is also connected with a cross-stage backflow feed inlet 281, and the cross-stage backflow feed inlet 281 is communicated with a second collecting cavity 27 on the centrifugal extractor which is separated from the centrifugal extractor by one stage, so that the second phase feed liquid can be mixed with the first phase feed liquid in the first collecting cavity 26.
The multistage centrifugal extraction system formed by the five centrifugal extractors is the same as the multistage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art: as shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, a first feed port 22 of a first-stage extractor 11 and a second feed port 23 of a last-stage extractor (i.e., a fifth-stage extractor 15) are respectively supplied with a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid to be treated, the second feed port 23 of the first-stage extractor 11 is communicated with a second discharge port 25 of a second-stage extractor 12 through a second phase connection pipeline 292, a first discharge port 24 of the first-stage extractor 11 is communicated with the first feed port 22 of the second-stage extractor 12 through a first phase connection pipeline 291, and the second discharge port 25 of the first-stage extractor 11 is a final discharge port of a second phase feed liquid of the system; the second feed port 23 of the second-stage extractor 12 is communicated with the second discharge port 25 of the third-stage extractor 13, and the first discharge port 24 of the second-stage extractor 12 is communicated with the first feed port 22 of the third-stage extractor 13; the connection mode of the first and second feed inlets and the first and second discharge outlets of the third-stage extractor 13 and the fourth-stage extractor 14 is the same as that of the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13; the first discharge port 24 of the fourth-stage extractor 14 is communicated with the first feed port 22 of the fifth-stage extractor 15, and the second feed port 23 of the fourth-stage extractor 14 is communicated with the second discharge port 25 of the fifth-stage extractor 15; the first discharge port 24 of the fifth-stage extractor 15 is the final discharge port of the first-phase feed liquid of the system.
Unlike the multistage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art, the first collecting chamber 26 of the first stage extractor 11, the second stage extractor 12 and the third stage extractor 13 is provided with two external communication ports, and the two external communication ports comprise a cross-stage backflow feed port 281 shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3 in addition to the first discharge port 24 in the prior art; the second collecting chambers 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are also provided with two external communication ports, and the two external communication ports comprise a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, except for the second discharge port 25 which is the same as that in the prior art. The axes of the cross-stage reflux discharge holes 282 arranged on the second collecting cavities 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are perpendicular to the axis of the second discharge hole 25. The cross-stage reflux inlets 281 of the first, second and third stage extractors 11, 12, 13 are respectively connected to the cross-stage reflux outlets 282 of the centrifugal extractors separated by one stage in a cross-stage manner through corresponding cross-stage reflux pipelines 210. At the moment, the corresponding collecting cavity can be converged with another phase of feed liquid conveyed by the cross-stage, the dispersed feed liquid with high-speed kinetic energy is used for carrying out impact disturbance and mixing on the stored feed liquid in the collecting cavity, the kinetic energy and the dispersion state of the feed liquid and the space of the collecting cavity are fully utilized, and the effect of pre-mixing and mass transfer improvement is achieved. Meanwhile, the mixing mode is medium-weak intensity mixing, and the emulsification phenomenon during the process of enhancing mixing by high-speed stirring of the mixing blades is avoided.
The height of the span-level reflux discharge port 282 is larger than that of the span-level reflux feed port 281 on the corresponding centrifugal extractor, so that the span-level reflux pipeline 210 is in an inclined state, and accordingly feed liquid can be automatically conveyed by means of self gravity and kinetic energy formed by centrifugal force when the feed liquid is thrown out from a high-speed rotating drum, a pumping device is not required to be additionally arranged, the height difference is not a main power source, and even if the height is the same, the kinetic energy formed by centrifugal force can be automatically conveyed, and the structure is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the space occupation is reduced.
In order to further improve the mixing mass transfer effect, flake-shaped protrusions (not shown in the figure) in the form of scales are arranged on the cavity walls of the first collecting cavities 26 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13, and reference can be made to a baffle plate arranged on a spiral vortex channel (refer to a spiral vortex channel 211 in fig. 5) of a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in the Chinese patent application publication No. CN105013361A in the background art, so as to form a vortex structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the liquid and the liquid.
In operation, the first phase feed liquid and the second phase feed liquid to be treated are respectively introduced from the first feed port 22 of the first-stage extractor 11 and the second feed port 23 of the fifth-stage extractor 15, in the extraction process, the target substances in the second phase feed liquid can realize five times of mixed mass transfer through the five-stage extraction process, and can be respectively introduced to the cross-stage reflux discharge ports 281 of the first collecting chambers 26 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13 through the cross-stage reflux discharge ports 282 of the first collecting chambers 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, so that the mixed mass transfer is carried out in the first collecting chambers 26 with the first phase feed liquid which has undergone the extraction process, and the mixed mass transfer is continuously carried out in the first phase connecting pipelines 291 connected with the first discharge ports 24 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13, so that the mixed mass transfer path and the mixed mass transfer time are obviously prolonged.
Example 2 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in example 1, the multistage centrifugal extraction system includes five centrifugal extractors arranged in stages, forming a five-stage centrifugal extraction structure. In this embodiment, the multistage centrifugal extraction system is provided with only three centrifugal extractors arranged in stages, which corresponds to the removal of the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 in embodiment 1, and the removal of the cross-stage reflux inlets 281 of the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13.
Example 3 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the height of the cross-stage return outlet 282 is greater than the height of the corresponding cross-stage return inlet 281, enabling the feed liquid to be self-conveyed by its own weight. In this embodiment, the setting height of the cross-stage reflux outlet 282 on the corresponding centrifugal extractor is smaller than the height of the cross-stage reflux inlet 281 on the corresponding centrifugal extractor, but the overall installation height of the extractor with the cross-stage reflux outlet 282 is greater than the overall height of the extractor with the cross-stage reflux inlet 281, so that the absolute height of the cross-stage reflux outlet 282 is greater than the absolute height of the cross-stage reflux inlet 281, and the feed liquid can still be automatically conveyed by self gravity.
In other embodiments, for the case that self-conveying cannot be performed by means of self-gravity of the feed liquid, conveying of the cross-stage backflow feed liquid can be achieved in a pumping mode.
Example 4 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the first collecting chamber 26 provided with the cross-stage return feed inlet 281 has a plate-like protrusion in the form of a scale on the chamber wall as a turbulence structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid. In the present embodiment, however, the turbulence structures are formed by grooves in the cavity wall of the first collecting cavity 26. In other embodiments, the turbulence structures may be replaced by other forms, such as bumps.
Example 5 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the reflux is achieved by providing a cross-stage reflux feed 281 on the collection chamber. In this embodiment, a first connecting pipeline 291 connected to the first discharge ports 24 of the first, second and third stage extractors 11, 12, 13 is provided with a cross-stage pipeline return port, and the cross-stage return discharge ports 282 of the third, fourth and fifth stage extractors 13, 14, 15 are respectively led to the cross-stage return feed ports 281 of the corresponding stage extractors. Specifically, the flange pipe corresponding to the first discharge port 24 of the first-stage extractor 11 is in a tee joint form, the tee joint forms two external communication ports, one external communication port is a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282, the other external communication port is the first discharge port 24, and one part of feed liquid discharged from the second discharge ports 25 of the corresponding third-stage extractor 13, fourth-stage extractor 14 and fifth-stage extractor 15 is introduced into the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 formed by the tee joint through a cross-stage discharge pipe backflow pipeline.
Example 6 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the cross-stage return exits 282 of the third stage extractor 13, the fourth stage extractor 14, and the fifth stage extractor 15 are provided independently of the second exit 25. In this embodiment, the third stage extractor 13, the fourth stage extractor 14, and the fifth stage extractor 15 are not provided with independent cross-stage backflow discharge ports 282, but a three-way joint is provided at the position of the second discharge port 25, where one port of the three-way joint forms the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282, and the other port is the second discharge port 25.
Example 7 of multistage centrifugal extraction system in the present invention:
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the second collecting chambers 27 of the third stage extractor 13, the fourth stage extractor 14 and the fifth stage extractor 15 are respectively provided with two external communication ports, namely a second discharge port 25 and a cross-stage reflux discharge port 282. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, only one external communication port is provided on the second collecting chambers 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 to form a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282, and all the feed liquid in the second collecting chambers 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 is injected into the first collecting chambers 26 of the corresponding first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13 through the corresponding cross-stage backflow pipelines 210. Meanwhile, the first-stage extractor 11 is a centrifugal extractor located at a starting position along the flow direction of the first-phase feed liquid in the centrifugal extractors at all stages, only the first-stage extractor 11 and the second-stage extractor 12 are provided with a second-phase connection pipeline 292, so that the second-phase feed liquid finally enters the first-stage extractor 11 and is discharged through a second discharge hole 25 of the first-stage extractor 11.
In other embodiments, a pipe mixer or a heater may be disposed on the first connecting pipe of the first stage extractor 11, and a baffle plate and a bump may be disposed on the inner wall of the first connecting pipe, so as to further increase the mixed mass transfer effect. In addition, in other embodiments, vortex guide vanes (refer to the vortex channel and vortex guide vanes used in a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in the chinese patent application publication No. CN105013361a in the background art) may be disposed on the inner wall of the rotor drum of the centrifugal extractor in addition to the spiral vortex channel 211, so as to form a premixing channel. The spiral vortex path 211 can set the pitch according to the mass transfer characteristics of different feed liquid systems, the feed liquid system difficult to transfer mass can reduce the pitch, and the spiral number of turns is increased to promote the mixing path of feed liquid.
Examples of centrifugal extractors for multistage extraction in the present invention: the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction, that is, the centrifugal extractor provided with the cross-stage backflow feed opening 281 and/or the cross-stage pipeline backflow opening described in any embodiment of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction system, is not described herein in detail.
Another embodiment of the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction of the present invention: as shown in fig. 5, the main difference from the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12, and the third-stage extractor 13 described in the above-described embodiment 1 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system is that the cross-stage return feed openings 281 are oriented in the same direction as the first discharge openings 24, are arranged in the tangential direction of the corresponding portions of the casing 21, and the shape of the casing 21 is different, and will not be described in detail here.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multistage centrifugal extraction system is a countercurrent extraction system and comprises multistage centrifugal extractors which are arranged in a grading way, each centrifugal extractor comprises a shell (21), and a first collecting cavity (26) and a second collecting cavity (27) which are used for respectively collecting first-phase feed liquid and second-phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum are arranged in the shell (21); the centrifugal extraction machine is characterized by comprising three sequentially adjacent N-th extraction machines, N+1-th extraction machines and N+2-th extraction machines, wherein a first discharge hole (24) for discharging first phase feed liquid is formed in a first collecting cavity (26) of each of the N-th extraction machines and the N+1-th extraction machines, a first feed hole for flowing in the first phase feed liquid is formed in each of the N+1-th extraction machines and the N+2-th extraction machines, a first connecting pipeline (291) is connected between the first discharge hole (24) of each of the N-th extraction machines and the first feed hole of each of the N+1-th extraction machines, and a first connecting pipeline (291) is connected between the first discharge hole (24) of each of the N+1-th extraction machines and the first feed hole of each of the N+2-th extraction machines; the first collecting cavity (26) of the N-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage return pipeline (210) for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity (27) of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in, or the first connecting pipeline (291) connected with the N-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity (27) of the N+2-stage extractor to flow in.
2. Multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber wall of the first collection chamber (26) connected to the cross-stage return line (210) is provided with turbulence structures for enhancing the degree of mixing of the feed liquid; or a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the pipe wall of the first connecting pipeline (291) connected with the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline.
3. The multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 2, wherein the turbulence structures comprise sheet-like raised structures and/or raised and recessed structures.
4. A multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that a first discharge port (24) for discharging the first phase feed liquid in the first collection chamber (26) is spaced apart from a cross-stage return feed port (281) for connecting a cross-stage return line (210) in the circumferential direction of the housing (21).
5. A multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the second feed inlet (23) on the n+1 stage extractor is connected to a second phase connection line (292) through which feed liquid in the second collection chamber (27) of the n+2 stage extractor flows.
6. A multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a second discharge pipeline through which the second phase feed liquid flows is not arranged between the second collecting cavity (27) of the n+2th stage extractor and the n+1th stage extractor, and only the cross-stage return pipeline (210) or the cross-stage discharge pipeline return pipeline is connected between the N-th stage extractor; the centrifugal extractor at the initial position along the flow path of the first phase feed liquid in the multistage centrifugal extraction system is connected with a second phase connecting pipeline (292), and the second phase connecting pipeline (292) is communicated with a second collecting cavity (27) of the centrifugal extractor at the adjacent stage.
7. The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction comprises a shell (21), wherein a first collecting cavity (26) and a second collecting cavity (27) for respectively collecting a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum are arranged in the shell (21); the centrifugal extraction machine is characterized in that more than two external communication ports are arranged on the first collecting cavity (26), wherein one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-stage backflow feed port (281) for communicating with a second collecting cavity (27) on the centrifugal extraction machine which is separated from the centrifugal extraction machine by one stage; and/or the second collecting cavity (27) is provided with more than two external communication ports, wherein one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-stage backflow discharge port (282) for communicating with a first collecting cavity (26) on the centrifugal extractor which is separated from the centrifugal extractor by one stage.
8. Centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction according to claim 7, characterized in that the chamber wall of the first collection chamber (26) provided with the cross-stage return feed inlet (281) is provided with turbulence structures for enhancing the degree of mixing of the feed liquid.
9. The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction according to claim 8, wherein the turbulence structures comprise sheet-like raised structures and/or raised and recessed structures.
10. Centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction according to claim 7 or 8 or 9, characterized in that the first discharge opening (24) of the first collecting chamber (26) for the discharge of the first phase feed liquid is spaced apart from the cross-stage return feed opening (281) for the connection of the cross-stage return line (210) in the circumferential direction of the housing (21).
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