CN115253378A - Multistage centrifugal extraction system and centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction - Google Patents
Multistage centrifugal extraction system and centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 67
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
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- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0476—Moving receptacles, e.g. rotating receptacles
- B01D11/048—Mixing by counter-current streams provoked by centrifugal force, in rotating coils or in other rotating spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0484—Controlling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
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Abstract
The invention relates to a centrifugal extractor, in particular to a multi-stage centrifugal extraction system and a centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction. The multistage centrifugal extraction system comprises multistage centrifugal extractors which are arranged in a multistage grading manner, wherein each centrifugal extractor comprises three sequentially adjacent N, N +1 and N +2 stages of extractors; the first collection cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into, or the first collection cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a first connecting pipeline which is connected with a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into. The invention can solve the problem that the existing multistage centrifugal extraction system is difficult to improve the mixing and mass transfer effects, can realize premixing, increase the mixing path and mixing time, and improve the mass transfer effect. Meanwhile, the mixing mode is medium-intensity and weak-intensity mixing, so that the emulsification phenomenon when the mixing is enhanced through high-speed stirring of the mixing blades is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a centrifugal extractor, in particular to a multi-stage centrifugal extraction system and a centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction.
Background
The centrifugal extraction technology is a novel high-efficiency separation technology which realizes the fast contact mixing mass transfer and separation of liquid-liquid two phases by means of centrifugal force. Compared with other extraction technologies, the method has the characteristics of small occupied area, high level efficiency, small using amount of the extracting agent, good sealing property, high automation degree, convenience in realizing clean production and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of wet metallurgy, wastewater treatment, medicine, chemical industry, food and the like. The centrifugal extractor that the present centrifugal extractor is disclosed as chinese utility model patent that the grant publication number is CN202638044U, including the casing, be equipped with light phase feed inlet and heavy phase feed inlet on the casing, rotate in the casing and be equipped with the rotary drum and collect the chamber in the corresponding light phase that is provided with in the rotary drum top and collect the chamber with heavy phase, light phase is collected the chamber and is collected the chamber with heavy phase and accesss to the outside through the light phase discharge gate and the heavy phase discharge gate that correspond the setting on the casing respectively. When the device is used, the light and heavy liquid phases respectively enter an annular gap between the rotary drum and the shell from the light phase feed port and the heavy phase feed port, and are quickly mixed by means of the rotation of the rotary drum; the mixed liquid enters the inner cavity of the rotary drum through a channel at the bottom of the rotary drum and is gradually separated in the process of flowing from bottom to top, and the separated liquid-liquid phases are converged into the light phase collecting cavity and the heavy phase collecting cavity after passing through the light phase weir plate and the heavy phase weir plate respectively and are discharged from the light phase discharge hole and the heavy phase discharge hole respectively. In the prior art, a centrifugal extractor is also provided, in which a mixing chamber having a mixing impeller is provided at the bottom of a rotary drum, and a light phase feed port and a heavy phase feed port are provided in the mixing chamber.
However, the centrifugal extractor has a remarkable characteristic that the two-phase contact mass transfer time is short, even up to a fraction of a second, and thus is not beneficial to the improvement of the extraction rate. In order to improve the mass transfer effect, at present, a scheme of increasing mixing strength by adding a mixing impeller, increasing the mixing temperature of a feed liquid by arranging a heating system, or pre-mixing outside a centrifugal extractor by arranging a pre-mixing device is generally adopted. However, if the mixing strength is too strong, the emulsification of the feed liquid may occur, the arrangement of a heating system may increase the structural complexity and the energy consumption, and the arrangement of a premixing device may increase the floor area and the maintenance cost.
In the prior art, a scheme for improving the mass transfer effect by increasing a mass transfer path is provided, for example, a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in the chinese patent application with application publication No. CN105013361A is composed of a cylinder, a feed inlet, a spiral vortex channel, a baffle plate, a vortex guide vane, a bottom plate and a discharge outlet part; the inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a spiral vortex channel which is downward along the clockwise direction, and the bottom plate is provided with a vortex guide vane. The two-phase feed liquid enters the spiral vortex channel of the centrifuge from the feed inlet to start the premixing process, enters the vortex guide vane along the spiral vortex channel, and then enters the mixing chamber along the vortex guide vane in a spiral manner, so that the unpowered premixing process in the centrifuge is completed, the increase of the occupied area can be avoided, and the energy consumption cannot be increased.
In order to better realize mass transfer, a plurality of centrifugal extractors are connected in series to form a multi-stage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art, so that multi-stage mass transfer is realized. For example, the chinese utility model patent with the publication number CN206715362U discloses a connection structure of an industrial centrifugal extraction unit with a simple structure, which comprises a plurality of centrifugal extractors, wherein a light phase feed port on the centrifugal extractor of the present stage is communicated with a light phase discharge port on the centrifugal extractor of the next stage, a heavy phase feed port on the centrifugal extractor of the present stage is communicated with a heavy phase discharge port on the centrifugal extractor of the next stage, and the number of times of mass transfer is increased by multi-stage combination to improve the mass transfer effect. The multi-stage countercurrent centrifugal extractor disclosed in the Chinese utility model with the publication number of CN203634857U also adopts a multi-stage mass transfer structure.
The multistage centrifugal extraction system can improve the mixed mass transfer effect by increasing the mass transfer times, but for some feed liquid systems with the mixed effect mainly influenced by the mass transfer time, the mixed mass transfer effect can be limited due to the fact that the time of two-phase contact mass transfer of a single centrifugal extractor is limited, and the increase of the stage number of the centrifugal extractor can cause the cost to be too high and the occupied area of a field to be too large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-stage centrifugal extraction system, which solves the problem that the mixed mass transfer effect of the existing multi-stage centrifugal extraction system is limited. The invention also aims to provide a centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction, which can solve the problem that the centrifugal extractor in the existing multi-stage centrifugal extraction system is difficult to improve the mixed mass transfer effect.
The multi-stage centrifugal extraction system adopts the following technical scheme:
the multistage centrifugal extraction system comprises a centrifugal extractor which is arranged in a multistage grading manner, wherein the centrifugal extractor comprises a shell, and a first collecting cavity and a second collecting cavity are arranged in the shell and used for respectively collecting a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid which are discharged from a rotary drum; the centrifugal extractor comprises three sequentially adjacent Nth-level extractors, an (N + 1) th-level extractor and an (N + 2) th-level extractor; the first collection cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into, or the first collection cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a first connecting pipeline which is connected with a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the first collecting cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is communicated with the second collecting cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor by arranging the cross-stage return pipeline, the first collecting cavity of the Nth-stage extractor and the first connecting pipeline of the Nth-stage extractor can be used as a mixing place of two-phase feed liquid, so that the mixing mass transfer path and time of the feed liquid can be effectively prolonged, or the first collecting cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is communicated with the first connecting pipeline connected with the first discharge port of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor by arranging the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline, the first connecting pipeline of the Nth-stage extractor can be used as the mixing place of the two-phase feed liquid, so that the mixing mass transfer path and time of the feed liquid can be effectively prolonged; compared with the prior art which only depends on the existing mixing chamber in the centrifugal extractor to carry out mixing mass transfer, the mixing mass transfer effect can be more effectively improved.
As a further limited technical scheme: the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline is an inclined pipeline, one end close to the (N + 2) th-stage extraction machine is higher than the other end, and feed liquid is automatically conveyed by gravity.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the self-conveying of the feed liquid can be realized by utilizing the self gravity of the feed liquid and the kinetic energy formed by the centrifugal force when the feed liquid is thrown out of the high-speed rotating drum, a pumping device is not needed, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the occupied space is small.
As a further limited technical scheme: the mounting height of the (N + 2) th-level extraction machine is greater than that of the Nth-level extraction machine, so that the cross-level return pipeline or the cross-level discharge pipe return pipeline is in an inclined state.
The technical scheme has the advantages that flexible arrangement of the interfaces connected with the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline on the centrifugal extraction machine can be facilitated, and the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline can be ensured to be an inclined pipeline.
As a further limited technical scheme: a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the wall of the first collecting cavity connected with the cross-stage return pipeline; or a turbulent flow structure used for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the pipe wall of the first connecting pipeline connected with the return pipeline of the cross-stage discharge pipe.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the turbulent flow structure is arranged, so that the mixed mass transfer effect can be further enhanced, and the extraction rate is further improved.
As a further limited technical scheme: the flow disturbing structure comprises a sheet-like convex structure and/or a convex-concave structure.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the flaky convex structure and/or the convex-concave structure are convenient to process, and the turbulent flow effect is easy to guarantee.
As a further limited technical scheme: a first discharge port for discharging the first phase feed liquid on the first collection cavity and a cross-stage backflow feed port for connecting a cross-stage backflow pipeline are spaced along the circumferential direction of the shell.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effect that the mass transfer path and the mass transfer time can be further prolonged by utilizing the circumferential interval.
As a further limited technical scheme: the second feed inlet on the (N + 1) th-stage extractor is connected with a second connecting pipeline for feed liquid in a second collecting cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the conveying of a part of feed liquid can be realized by fully utilizing the existing second connecting pipeline, and the requirement of larger flow is met.
As a further limited technical scheme: a second discharge pipeline for circulating a second phase material liquid is not arranged between the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor and the (N + 1) th-stage extractor, and the cross-stage return pipeline or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline is connected between the second collection cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor and the (N + 1) th-stage extractor; the centrifugal extractor located at the initial position along the flow path of the first phase feed liquid in the multistage centrifugal extraction system is connected with a second connecting pipeline, and the second connecting pipeline is communicated with a second collecting cavity of the adjacent stage centrifugal extractor.
The technical scheme has the advantages of being beneficial to reducing the number of pipelines, simplifying the structure and reducing the cost.
The centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction adopts the following technical scheme:
the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction comprises a shell, wherein a first collecting cavity and a second collecting cavity are arranged in the shell, and are used for respectively collecting a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum; more than two external communication ports are arranged on the first collection cavity, wherein one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-stage backflow feed port communicated with a second collection cavity on a centrifugal extractor which is different from the centrifugal extractor by one stage; and/or the second collecting cavity is provided with more than two external communicating ports, one of the external communicating ports is a discharge port, and the other external communicating port is a cross-level backflow discharge port communicated with the first collecting cavity of the centrifugal extractor which is one-level different from the centrifugal extractor.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the cross-stage reflux inlet and/or the cross-stage reflux outlet are/is arranged to be connected with the cross-stage reflux pipeline, so that the first collecting cavity of the Nth-stage extractor is communicated with the second collecting cavity of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor, the first collecting cavity of the Nth-stage extractor and the first connecting pipeline of the Nth-stage extractor can be used as mixing places of two-phase feed liquid, and the mixing mass transfer path and time of the feed liquid are effectively prolonged; compared with the prior art which only depends on the existing mixing chamber in the centrifugal extractor to carry out mixing mass transfer, the mixing mass transfer effect can be more effectively improved.
As a further limited technical scheme: and a turbulence structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the wall of the first collecting cavity provided with the cross-stage backflow feed inlet.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the turbulent flow structure is arranged, so that the mixed mass transfer effect can be further enhanced, and the extraction rate is further improved.
As a further limited technical scheme: the flow disturbing structure comprises a sheet-shaped convex structure and/or a convex-concave structure.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the sheet-shaped convex structure and/or the convex-concave structure are convenient to process, and the turbulent flow effect is easy to guarantee.
As a further limited technical scheme: a first discharge hole for discharging the first phase material liquid on the first collection cavity and a cross-stage backflow feed hole for connecting a cross-stage backflow pipeline are spaced along the circumferential direction of the shell.
The technical scheme further defined above has the beneficial effect that the mass transfer path and the mass transfer time can be further prolonged by utilizing the circumferential interval.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of a multistage centrifugal extraction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view (in the left-right direction of the drawing sheet itself) of the third stage extractor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction according to the present invention.
The names of the components corresponding to the corresponding reference numerals in the drawings are: 11. a first stage extractor; 12. a second stage extractor; 13. a third-stage extractor; 14. a fourth stage extractor; 15. a fifth stage extractor; 21. a housing; 22. a first feed port; 23. a second feed port; 24. a first discharge port; 25. a second discharge port; 26. a first collection chamber; 27. a second collection chamber; 281. a cross-stage reflux feed inlet; 282. a cross-stage backflow discharge hole; 291. a first connecting pipeline; 292. a second connecting pipeline; 210. a cross-stage return line; 211. a spiral vortex path.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Also, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, which may be present, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the possible occurrence of the phrases "comprising a limited element of '8230', \8230;" 8230; "etc. does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" when they are used are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art from specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the term "provided" may be used in a broad sense, for example, the object of "provided" may be a part of the body, or may be arranged separately from the body and connected to the body, and the connection may be detachable or non-detachable. The specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art through specific situations.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the multistage centrifugal extraction system includes five centrifugal extractors arranged in a hierarchical manner, where the five centrifugal extractors are respectively a first-stage extractor 11, a second-stage extractor 12, a third-stage extractor 13, a fourth-stage extractor 14, and a fifth-stage extractor 15, and form a five-stage centrifugal extraction structure, and are used to extract a target substance in a heavy-phase feed liquid introduced by the fifth-stage extractor 15 into a light-phase feed liquid introduced by the first-stage extractor 11. Hereinafter, the light phase feed liquid is referred to as a first phase feed liquid, and the heavy phase feed liquid is referred to as a second phase feed liquid. As is well known in the art, the first collection chamber 26 and the first discharge port 24 may also be used for discharging the heavy phase feed liquid, and the second collection chamber 27 and the second discharge port 25 may also be used for discharging the light phase feed liquid, depending on the arrangement of the light phase weir plates and the heavy phase weir plates in the shell 21.
As shown in fig. 3, the centrifugal extractor includes a housing 21, and a first feeding joint and a second feeding joint in the form of flange pipes are provided at the middle part of the housing 21 in the height direction, and the first feeding joint and the second feeding joint respectively form a first feeding hole 22 and a second feeding hole 23 on the wall of the housing 21. The first feed port 22 and the second feed port 23 are supplied with a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid, respectively. The upper portion of casing 21 is equipped with the first ejection of compact of flange pipe form and connects with the second ejection of compact, and first ejection of compact connects with the second ejection of compact and connects and form first discharge gate 24 and second discharge gate 25 on the chamber wall of casing 21 respectively, and first discharge gate 24 and second discharge gate 25 supply first phase feed liquid and the ejection of compact of second phase feed liquid respectively. A first collecting cavity 26 and a second collecting cavity 27 (refer to fig. 5, which is another embodiment of the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction) are disposed in the housing 21 and respectively correspond to the first discharging port 24 and the second discharging port 25, so that the light-heavy two-phase feed liquid discharged from the rotary drum after centrifugal separation can be respectively collected. The second collecting cavity 27 is located above the first collecting cavity 26, and the first discharge hole 24 and the second discharge hole 25 are respectively arranged on the cavity side walls of the first collecting cavity 26 and the second collecting cavity 27. The first collection cavity 26 is further connected with a cross-stage backflow feed inlet 281, and the cross-stage backflow feed inlet 281 is communicated with a second collection cavity 27 of the centrifugal extractor which is different from the centrifugal extractor by one stage, so that the second phase feed liquid can be mixed with the first phase feed liquid in the first collection cavity 26.
The multistage centrifugal extraction system formed by the five centrifugal extractors is the same as the multistage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art: as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the first feed port 22 of the first-stage extractor 11 and the second feed port 23 of the last-stage extractor (i.e., the fifth-stage extractor 15) are respectively used for introducing a first-phase feed liquid and a second-phase feed liquid to be processed, the second feed port 23 of the first-stage extractor 11 is communicated with the second discharge port 25 of the second-stage extractor 12 through a second connecting pipeline 292, the first discharge port 24 of the first-stage extractor 11 is communicated with the first feed port 22 of the second-stage extractor 12 through a first connecting pipeline 291, and the second discharge port 25 of the first-stage extractor 11 is a final discharge port of the second-phase feed liquid of the system; the second feeding hole 23 of the second-stage extractor 12 is communicated with the second discharging hole 25 of the third-stage extractor 13, and the first discharging hole 24 of the second-stage extractor 12 is communicated with the first feeding hole 22 of the third-stage extractor 13; the connection mode of the first and second feed inlets and the first and second discharge outlets of the third extractor 13 and the fourth extractor 14 is the same as that of the second extractor 12 and the third extractor 13; the first discharge hole 24 of the fourth-stage extractor 14 is communicated with the first feed hole 22 of the fifth-stage extractor 15, and the second feed hole 23 of the fourth-stage extractor 14 is communicated with the second discharge hole 25 of the fifth-stage extractor 15; the first discharge port 24 of the fifth-stage extractor 15 is a final discharge port of the first-phase feed liquid of the system.
Different from the multi-stage centrifugal extraction system in the prior art, the first collection cavity 26 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12, and the third-stage extractor 13 is provided with two external communication ports, and the two external communication ports include a cross-stage backflow feed port 281 shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, in addition to the first discharge port 24 same as that in the prior art; the second collecting cavities 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are also provided with two external communication ports, and the two external communication ports include a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, in addition to the second discharge port 25 which is the same as that in the prior art. The axes of the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 arranged on the second collection cavity 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14 and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are perpendicular to the axis of the second discharge port 25. The cross-stage backflow feed inlets 281 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13 are respectively connected to the cross-stage backflow discharge outlets 282 of the centrifugal extractors which are separated by one stage in a cross-stage mode through the corresponding cross-stage backflow pipelines 210. At the moment, another phase of feed liquid which is conveyed in a cross-stage mode can be converged into the corresponding collecting cavity, the dispersed feed liquid with high-speed kinetic energy carries out impact disturbance and mixing on the feed liquid stored in the collecting cavity, the kinetic energy and the dispersed state of the feed liquid and the space of the collecting cavity are fully utilized, and the effects of premixing and mass transfer improvement are achieved. Meanwhile, the mixing mode is medium-intensity and weak-intensity mixing, so that the emulsification phenomenon when the mixing is enhanced through high-speed stirring of the mixing blades is avoided.
The height of the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 is greater than that of the cross-stage backflow feed port 281 of the corresponding centrifugal extractor, and the cross-stage backflow pipeline 210 can be in an inclined state, so that the feed liquid can be conveyed by the aid of self gravity and kinetic energy formed by centrifugal force when the feed liquid is thrown out of the high-speed rotating drum, a pumping device is not required to be additionally arranged, even if the height difference is not a main power source, the kinetic energy formed by the centrifugal force can be conveyed by the aid of the height difference, the structure is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the occupied space is reduced.
In order to further improve the mixed mass transfer effect, the wall of the first collection cavity 26 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12, and the third-stage extractor 13 is provided with flake-shaped flaky protrusions (not shown in the figure, refer to a baffle plate arranged on a spiral vortex channel (refer to the spiral vortex channel 211 in fig. 5) of a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in the chinese patent application with the application publication number CN105013361A in the background art), so as to form a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the liquid and the liquid.
During operation, a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid to be processed are respectively introduced from a first feed inlet 22 of the first-stage extractor 11 and a second feed inlet 23 of the fifth-stage extractor 15, during extraction, a target substance in the second phase feed liquid can be subjected to five times of mixed mass transfer through the fifth-stage extraction process, and can be respectively led to a cross-stage backflow feed inlet 281 of a first collection cavity 26 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13 through a cross-stage backflow discharge outlet 282 of a first collection cavity 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the first phase feed liquid subjected to the extraction process is subjected to mixed mass transfer in the first collection cavity 26, and is continuously and jointly passed through a first connecting pipeline 291 connected with a first discharge outlet 24 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12 and the third-stage extractor 13, and mixed mass transfer is performed in the first connecting pipeline 291, so that a mixed mass transfer path and a mixed mass transfer time are remarkably prolonged, and a mixed mass transfer effect is effectively improved.
Example 2 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in example 1, the multistage centrifugal extraction system comprises five centrifugal extractors arranged in a hierarchical manner, and a five-stage centrifugal extraction structure is formed. In this embodiment, only three centrifugal extractors are provided in the multistage centrifugal extraction system, which is equivalent to removing the fourth stage extractor 14 and the fifth stage extractor 15 in embodiment 1, and removing the cross-stage reflux inlet 281 on the second stage extractor 12 and the third stage extractor 13.
Example 3 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the height of the cross-stage reflux outlet 282 is greater than that of the corresponding cross-stage reflux inlet 281, so that the feed liquid can be conveyed by self gravity. In this embodiment, the height of the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 on the corresponding centrifugal extractor is smaller than the height of the cross-stage backflow feed port 281 on the corresponding centrifugal extractor, but the installation height of the whole extractor provided with the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 is greater than the height of the whole extractor provided with the cross-stage backflow feed port 281, so that the absolute height of the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282 is greater than the absolute height of the cross-stage backflow feed port 281, and the feed liquid can still be conveyed by the gravity of the feed liquid.
In other embodiments, the cross-stage backflow feed liquid conveying can be realized in a pumping mode under the condition that the feed liquid cannot be conveyed by the gravity of the feed liquid.
Example 4 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, a plate-shaped protrusion in the form of a scale is provided on the wall of the first collection chamber 26 where the cross-stage reflux inlet 281 is provided, and serves as a turbulence structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid. In this embodiment, the baffle structure is formed by a recess in the wall of the first collection chamber 26. In other embodiments, the turbulating structure may be replaced by other forms, such as bumps.
Example 5 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in example 1, the reflux is achieved by providing a cross-stage reflux inlet 281 in the collection chamber. In this embodiment, a cross-stage pipeline backflow port is disposed on the first connecting pipeline 291 connected to the first discharge port 24 of the first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12, and the third-stage extractor 13, and cross-stage backflow discharge ports 282 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14, and the fifth-stage extractor 15 respectively lead to a cross-stage backflow feed port 281 of the corresponding-stage extractor. Specifically, the flange pipe that first discharge gate 24 of first order extractor 11 corresponds is the tee bend form, and the tee bend has formed two outside intercommunication mouths, and one of them outside intercommunication mouth is for striding level backward flow discharge gate 282, and another outside intercommunication mouth is first discharge gate 24, and corresponding third level extractor 13, fourth level extractor 14, the second discharge gate 25 of fifth level extractor 15 discharge the feed liquid partly through striding on level discharge pipe return line lets in the striding level backward flow discharge gate 282 that the tee bend formed.
Example 6 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the cross-stage return discharge ports 282 of the third stage extractor 13, the fourth stage extractor 14, and the fifth stage extractor 15 are provided independently of the second discharge port 25. In this embodiment, the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14, and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are not provided with independent cross-stage backflow discharge ports 282, but are provided with three-way joints at the positions of the second discharge ports 25, one of the ports of the three-way joints forms the cross-stage backflow discharge port 282, and the other port is the second discharge port 25.
Example 7 of the multistage centrifugal extraction system of the present invention:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the second collection cavities 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14, and the fifth-stage extractor 15 are respectively provided with two external communication ports, namely a second discharge port 25 and a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282. In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, only one external communication port is disposed on the second collection cavity 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14, and the fifth-stage extractor 15 to form a cross-stage backflow discharge port 282, and all the feed liquid in the second collection cavities 27 of the third-stage extractor 13, the fourth-stage extractor 14, and the fifth-stage extractor 15 is respectively injected into the first collection cavities 26 of the corresponding first-stage extractor 11, the second-stage extractor 12, and the third-stage extractor 13 through the corresponding cross-stage backflow pipeline 210. Meanwhile, the first-stage extractor 11 is a centrifugal extractor located at an initial position along the flow direction of the first-phase material liquid in each stage of centrifugal extractor, and only the first-stage extractor 11 and the second-stage extractor 12 are provided with a second-phase connecting pipeline 292 for connecting the second-phase material liquid to the first-stage extractor 11, so that the second-phase material liquid finally enters the first-stage extractor 11 and is discharged through a second discharge hole 25 of the first-stage extractor 11.
In other embodiments, a pipeline mixer or a heater may also be disposed on the first connecting pipeline of the first stage extractor 11, and a baffle plate and a bump may also be disposed on the inner wall of the first connecting pipeline to further increase the mass transfer effect. In addition, in other embodiments, the inner wall of the drum of the centrifugal extractor may be provided with a vortex guide vane (refer to the spiral vortex channel and the vortex guide vane used in a liquid-liquid spiral vortex mixer disclosed in the chinese patent application with application publication No. CN105013361A in the background art) in addition to the spiral vortex channel 211 to form a premixing passage. Spiral vortex way 211 can set up the pitch size according to the mass transfer characteristic of the feed liquid system of difference, and difficult mass transfer feed liquid system can reduce the pitch, increases the mixed route of spiral number of turns in order to promote the feed liquid.
Examples of centrifugal extractors for multi-stage extraction according to the invention: the specific structure of the centrifugal extractor provided with the cross-stage backflow inlet 281 and/or the cross-stage pipeline backflow port described in any embodiment of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction system is not described herein again.
Another embodiment of the centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction of the present invention: as shown in fig. 5, compared with the first stage extractor 11, the second stage extractor 12 and the third stage extractor 13 described in embodiment 1 of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction system, the main differences are that the orientation of the cross-stage backflow inlet 281 is the same as that of the first outlet 24, the cross-stage backflow inlet is arranged tangentially to the corresponding portion of the casing 21, and the shape of the casing 21 is different, and will not be described in detail here.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The multistage centrifugal extraction system comprises a multistage centrifugal extractor which is arranged in a grading way, the centrifugal extractor comprises a shell (21), and a first collecting cavity (26) and a second collecting cavity (27) which are used for collecting a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum respectively are arranged in the shell (21); the centrifugal extractor is characterized by comprising three sequentially adjacent Nth-stage extractors, an N + 1-stage extractor and an N + 2-stage extractor; a first collecting cavity (26) of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a cross-stage return pipeline (210) for the feed liquid in a second collecting cavity (27) of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into, or a first collecting cavity (26) of the Nth-stage extractor is connected with a first connecting pipeline (291), and the first connecting pipeline (291) is connected with a cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline for the feed liquid in the second collecting cavity (27) of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor to flow into.
2. The multistage centrifugal extraction system of claim 1, wherein a flow disturbing structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the wall of the first collection chamber (26) connected with the cross-stage return pipeline (210); or a turbulent flow structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is arranged on the pipe wall of the first connecting pipeline (291) connected with the return pipeline of the cross-stage discharge pipe.
3. The multi-stage centrifugal extraction system of claim 2, wherein the turbulator structure comprises a lamellar protrusion structure and/or a projection and recess structure.
4. The multistage centrifugal extraction system of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the first phase feed liquid discharge port (24) of the first collection chamber (26) and the interstage return feed port (281) for connecting the interstage return line (210) are spaced circumferentially of the housing (21).
5. The multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the second feed inlet (23) of the (N + 1) th stage extractor is connected with a second connecting pipeline (292) for the feed liquid in the second collection cavity (27) of the (N + 2) th stage extractor to flow in.
6. The multistage centrifugal extraction system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a second discharge pipeline for circulating a second phase material liquid is not arranged between the second collection cavity (27) of the (N + 2) th-stage extractor and the (N + 1) th-stage extractor, and the cross-stage return pipeline (210) or the cross-stage discharge pipe return pipeline is connected between the second collection cavity and the N +1 th-stage extractor; a second connecting pipeline (292) is connected with the centrifugal extractor which is positioned at the initial position along the flowing path of the first phase feed liquid in the multistage centrifugal extraction system, and the second connecting pipeline (292) is communicated with the second collecting cavity (27) of the adjacent stage centrifugal extractor.
7. A centrifugal extractor for multi-stage extraction comprises a shell (21), wherein a first collecting cavity (26) and a second collecting cavity (27) for respectively collecting a first phase feed liquid and a second phase feed liquid discharged from a rotary drum are arranged in the shell (21); the device is characterized in that more than two external communication ports are arranged on the first collection cavity (26), one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-level backflow feed port (281) communicated with a second collection cavity (27) on a centrifugal extractor which is different from the centrifugal extractor by one level; and/or more than two external communication ports are arranged on the second collection cavity (27), one external communication port is a discharge port, and the other external communication port is a cross-stage backflow discharge port (282) communicated with a first collection cavity (26) on the centrifugal extractor which is different from the centrifugal extractor by one stage.
8. The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction as claimed in claim 7, wherein a flow disturbing structure for enhancing the mixing degree of the feed liquid is provided on the wall of the first collecting chamber (26) provided with the cross-stage reflux inlet (281).
9. The centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction of claim 8, wherein said flow disturbing structures comprise lamellar convex structures and/or convex-concave structures.
10. A centrifugal extractor for multistage extraction according to claim 7 or 8 or 9, wherein the first phase feed liquid discharge port (24) of the first collection chamber (26) and the cross-stage return feed port (281) for connecting the cross-stage return line (210) are spaced along the circumference of the casing (21).
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