CN115244747A - 用于电池的热管理多层片 - Google Patents
用于电池的热管理多层片 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115244747A CN115244747A CN202180019522.4A CN202180019522A CN115244747A CN 115244747 A CN115244747 A CN 115244747A CN 202180019522 A CN202180019522 A CN 202180019522A CN 115244747 A CN115244747 A CN 115244747A
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- battery
- thermal management
- multilayer sheet
- adhesive
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/027—Thermal properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
热管理多层片,包括:第一热扩散层;设置在第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧;设置在第一完整性层的相反第二侧上的第一粘合剂层的第一侧;第二完整性层;以及第二热扩散层,其中第二完整性层的第一侧设置在粘合剂层的相反第二侧上,以及第二热扩散层设置在第二完整性层的相反第二侧上;或者第二热扩散层的第一侧设置在第一粘合剂层的相反第二侧上,第二完整性层的第一侧设置在第二热扩散层的相反第二侧上,以及在第二完整性层的相反第二侧上设置有第二粘合剂层。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年3月12日提交的美国临时申请第62/988,662号的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
本公开涉及用于电池,特别地用于延迟或防止锂离子电池中的热失控的热管理多层片。本公开还涉及用于制造热管理多层片的方法、包括所述热管理多层片的用于电池的组合件和电池。
由于诸如电动车辆和电网能量存储系统的应用以及诸如电动自行车、不间断供电电池系统和铅酸替代电池的其他多单体的电池应用的增长,对诸如锂离子电池的电化学能量存储装置的需求日益增长。对于大规格应用例如电网存储和电动车辆,经常使用以串联阵列和并联阵列连接的多个电化学单体电池。一旦单体电池处于热失控模式,则由单体电池产生的热可能引起相邻单体电池中的热失控传播反应,可能导致可以点燃整个电池的级联效应。
虽然已经考虑了降低这样的电池的可燃性的尝试,但是多数可能具有缺点。例如,已经考虑了通过添加阻燃添加剂对电解质进行改性或使用固有地不易燃的电解质,但是这些方法可能不利地影响锂离子单体电池的电化学性能。防止级联热失控的其他方法包括在单体电池或单体电池组之间并入增加的绝缘的量以减少热事件期间的热传递量。然而,这些方法可能限制可以实现的能量密度的上限。
随着对具有减少的热失控风险的电池的需求增加,相应地需要防止或延迟热、能量或二者向周围单体电池扩散的用于电池的材料。
发明内容
本文公开了热管理多层片,其包括:第一热扩散层;设置在第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧;设置在第一完整性层的相反的第二侧上的第一粘合剂层的第一侧;第二完整性层;以及第二热扩散层,其中第二完整性层的第一侧设置在粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,以及第二热扩散层设置在第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上,其中第一粘合剂层为单层或多层粘合剂;或者第二热扩散层的第一侧设置在第一粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,第二完整性层的第一侧设置在第二热扩散层的相反的第二侧上,以及在第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上设置有第二粘合剂层。
本文还公开了用于电池的组合件,其包括至少两个电化学单体电池;和热管理多层片,其中热管理多层片包括第一热扩散层;设置在第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧;以及粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层设置在第一完整性层的相反的第二侧上。
还公开了包括上述组合件的电池。
通过以下附图、详细描述、实施例和权利要求来例示上述特征和其他特征。
附图说明
以下附图为被提供以举例说明本公开的示例性方面。举例说明实例的附图不旨在将根据本公开制造的装置限于本文阐述的材料、条件或过程参数。
图1为袋式单体电池的示意图,其中热管理多层片粘附于袋式单体电池的外部;
图2为热管理多层片的一个方面的图示;
图3为热管理多层片的一个方面的图示;
图4为位于两个电化学单体电池之间的热管理多层片的一个方面的图示;
图5为位于两个电化学单体电池之间的热管理多层片的一个方面的图示;
图6为位于单体电池阵列中的热管理多层片的一个方面的图示;
图7为袋式电池的一个方面的图示;以及
图8为包括热管理多层片的用于电池的组合件的一个方面的图示。
具体实施方式
防止包括复数个单体电池的电池中的热失控是一个难题,因为与正经历热失控的单体电池相邻的单体电池可以从事件中吸收足够的能量以使它们升高至它们的设计操作温度以上,从而触发相邻的单体电池也进入热失控。引发热失控事件的这种传播可能引起这样的连锁反应:其中随着单体电池向相邻的单体电池传递热,存储装置进入级联系列的热失控。
由热管理多层片提供的热屏障也可以用在电池中的各种各样的部位处以防止热失控。因此,热管理多层片的使用可以降低任一个或更多个方向上的热导率。热管理多层片还可以改善电池的耐火性。
因此,本文描述了用于一个电池和更多个电池的组合件,所述组合件包括包含热管理多层片的电化学单体电池或电化学单体电池阵列,其中热管理多层片直接设置在电化学单体电池的表面上(即,接触至少一个表面的至少一部分)。如本文所使用的,电化学单体电池(或“单电池”)是包括阳极、阴极和电解质的电池的基本单元。“单体电池阵列”意指两个或更多个电化学单体电池(例如,两个、五个、二十个、五十个或更多个)的组合件。与热管理多层片和任选地另一电池组件(例如,分隔件、集电器、诸如柔性袋的壳体等)相关联的单体电池或单体电池阵列在本文中被称为“用于电池的组合件”。用于电池的组合件和电池可以包括单个电化学单体电池、单个单体电池阵列或复数个单体电池阵列。
可以使用各种各样电化学单体电池类型,包括袋式单体电池、棱柱形单体电池或圆柱形单体电池。单个单体电池或单体电池阵列可以在柔性外壳中,例如在袋式单体电池中。在一个方面,单体电池为锂离子单体电池例如磷酸锂铁、锂钴氧化物或其他锂金属氧化物单体电池。可以使用的其他类型单体电池包括镍金属氢化物、镍镉、镍锌或银锌。
如图1所示,热管理多层片400可以直接放置在预成型的单体电池的外表面上或者粘附于预成型的单体电池的外表面,例如,在袋式单体电池100的外表面上。袋式单体电池100可以具有粘附于其外表面的第一粘合剂层85,并且在第一粘合剂层85的与袋式单体电池100相反的一侧上可以设置有第一完整性层84。在第一完整性层84的与第一完整性层84相反的一侧上设置有第一热扩散层61。第一粘合剂层85、第一完整性层84和第一热扩散层61可以为DW 407等离子体带。
图2示出了包括设置在第一完整性层84的第一侧84a上的第一热扩散层61的热管理多层片401的一个方面。第一完整性层84的第二侧84b包括第一粘合剂层85。第一粘合剂层85可以为单层或多层粘合剂。在第一粘合剂层85的与第一完整性层84相反的一侧上设置有第二完整性层86。第一粘合剂层85粘附第一完整性层84和第二完整性层86。在第二完整性层86的与第一粘合剂层85相反的一侧上设置有第二热扩散层63。
图3示出了包括设置在第一完整性层84的第一侧84a上的第一热扩散层61的热管理多层片402的一个方面。第一完整性层84的第二侧84b包括第一粘合剂层85。在第一粘合剂层85的与第一完整性层84相反的一侧上设置有第二热扩散层63。在第二热扩散层63的与第一粘合剂层85相反的一侧上设置有第二完整性层86。在第二完整性层86的与第二热扩散层63相反的一侧上设置有第二粘合剂层87。
热管理多层片除了图1至图3中示出的那些之外还可以包括热扩散层、完整性层和粘合剂层。通常,可以采用高至十个热扩散层和十个完整性层以及粘合剂层以提供期望的热管理多层片。
如上所述,单体电池阵列的单体电池可以为棱柱形单体电池、袋式单体电池、圆柱形单体电池等,并且优选为袋式单体电池。在一个方面,单体电池为锂离子单体电池。在另一个方面,单体电池为锂离子袋式单体电池。
第一热扩散层61和第二热扩散层63各自独立地包含具有高热导率(Tc)的材料,例如在23℃下测量的大于10瓦特每米开尔文(W/m*K)、优选地大于50W/m*K、或者更优选地大于100W/m*K的热导率。例如,该材料可以具有在23℃下测量的在23℃下10W/m*K至6,000W/m*K、或在23℃下50W/m*K至6,000W/m*K、或100W/m*K至6,000W/m*K、或100W/m*K至1,000W/m*K、或100W/m*K至500W/m*K的热导率。这样的材料包括:金属,例如铜、铝、银,或者铜、铝或银的合金;陶瓷,例如氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅或氧化铍;或者碳质材料,例如碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯或石墨。在一个方面,第一热扩散层和第二热扩散层可以独立地包括铜、铝、银、铜合金、铝合金、银合金、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化铍、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、或其组合。例如,热扩散层可以为包含碳纤维或碳纳米管的带或片,例如可从Huntsman以商品名MIRALON获得的那些。在另一些方面,热扩散层为金属或金属合金箔,优选为铝或铝合金。在一个方面,第一热扩散层和第二热扩散层各自独立地为箔、织造或非织造纤维垫、或聚合物泡沫。第一热扩散层61和第二热扩散层63可以相同或不同。
第一热扩散层和第二热扩散层的厚度取决于所使用的材料、期望的热导率的程度、成本、电池的期望厚度或重量、或类似的考虑事项。例如,热扩散层的厚度可以为5微米(μm)至1,000微米(μm),例如0.0005英寸至0.039英寸(12.7μm至991μm)、0.001英寸至0.005英寸(25.4μm至127μm)、或者0.002英寸至0.039英寸(51微米至991微米)。金属箔的厚度可以各自独立地为0.0005英寸至0.020英寸(12.7μm至508μm)或0.001英寸至0.005英寸(25.4μm至127μm)。
粘合剂层的厚度可以为0.00025英寸至0.010英寸(6μm至254μm)、或者0.0005英寸至0.003英寸(12.7μm至76μm)。广泛的各种各样粘合剂在本领域是已知的并且可以被使用。例如,粘合剂层可以各自独立地包含聚酯粘合剂、聚氟乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类粘合剂、或有机硅粘合剂。在一个方面,粘合剂为有机硅粘合剂。可以使用溶剂浇注粘合剂、热熔粘合剂和双组分粘合剂。在一个方面,各粘合剂层可以独立地包含可以为热扩散的或绝热的无机填料。
任选地,粘合剂层中的每一者可以独立地包含可以为热扩散的(导热的)或绝热的填料。示例性填料包括气凝胶填料、玻璃微球囊、气体填充的中空聚合物微球、氮化硼、氮化铝、云母、滑石、碳纳米管、石墨、或其组合。可以对添加剂进行表面涂覆以提供期望的特性,例如可以用硅烷对填料进行处理以改善分散性或粘附性。例如,各粘合剂层可以包含高纵横比片状填料例如云母或滑石。在一个方面,不存在填料。
气凝胶为孔隙率大于50体积百分比(体积%),更优选地大于90体积%的包含互连纳米结构的网络的开孔固体基体。气凝胶可以通过用气体代替凝胶中的液体组分,或者通过使湿凝胶干燥,例如通过超临界干燥而从凝胶中得到。示例性气凝胶包括:聚合物气凝胶,包括聚(乙烯醇)、氨基甲酸酯、聚酰亚胺、或聚丙烯酰胺气凝胶;多糖气凝胶,包括几丁质和壳聚糖气凝胶;或无机陶瓷气凝胶,例如铝氧化物或二氧化硅气凝胶。
第一完整性层84和第二完整性层86为增强热管理多层的强度的增强材料。各自可以独立地包含例如呈厚度可以为20μm至600μm、或0.001英寸至0.020英寸(25.4μm至508μm),优选0.001英寸至0.005英寸(25.4μm至127μm)的织造或非织造纤维状垫形式的连续纤维。第一完整性层和第二完整性层可以包括高耐热性织造或非织造聚合物垫,例如,聚醚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚醚醚酮等;或者织造、非织造玻璃垫,例如玻璃纤维。
聚合物纤维可以包括广泛的各种各样热塑性塑料、热塑性塑料的共混物或热固性树脂中的一者或更多者。可以使用的热塑性塑料的实例包括聚缩醛、聚丙烯酸类、聚酰胺(例如,尼龙6、尼龙6,6、尼龙6,10、尼龙6,12、尼龙11或尼龙12)、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚芳酯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN))、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚烯烃(例如,聚丙烯、聚乙烯、或者聚乙烯或聚丙烯的共聚物)、聚苯硫醚、聚苯乙烯、聚砜(例如,聚芳砜和聚醚砜)、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、氟化聚合物(例如,聚氯三氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、全氟甲基乙烯基醚、氟化聚乙烯-丙烯(FEP)或四氟乙烯-偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(HFP))、乙烯丙烯橡胶(EPR)、乙烯丙烯二烯单体橡胶(EPDM)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、环烯烃共聚物、聚二环戊二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEPS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SB)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)、聚丁二烯、异戊二烯、聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物等、或其组合。
可以用于聚合物纤维的热塑性聚合物的共混物的实例包括ABS/尼龙、聚碳酸酯/ABS、ABS/聚氯乙烯、聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚/尼龙、聚砜/ABS、聚碳酸酯/热塑性聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯/PET、聚碳酸酯/PBT、热塑性弹性体合金、PET/PBT、SMA/ABS、聚醚醚酮/聚醚砜、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、聚乙烯/尼龙、聚乙烯/聚缩醛等、或其组合。
可以用于聚合物纤维的热固性树脂的实例包括聚氨酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酯、聚酰胺、有机硅等、或其组合。可以使用热固性树脂的共混物以及热塑性树脂与热固性+树脂的共混物。
可以用于绝热层的优选聚合物纤维包括环氧树脂、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酯例如PBT、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚氨酯、有机硅、乙烯基酯等、或其组合。在一个方面,聚合物纤维包括耐热聚合物,例如Tg为180℃或更高的聚合物,例如聚醚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚醚醚酮等、或其组合。聚合物纤维可以呈织造或非织造垫或带的形式。
示例性玻璃纤维层包括A玻璃、C玻璃、D玻璃、或其组合。D玻璃或E玻璃是优选的。玻璃纤维层可以设置在聚合物基体中或涂覆有聚合物。可以使用环氧树脂、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酯例如聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚氨酯、有机硅、乙烯基酯等。优选的粘结剂包括环氧树脂、聚酯和乙烯基酯。在一个方面,第一完整性层和第二完整性层各自包括平纹组织1080E-玻璃。
根据用于热扩散层、绝热层和任选的粘合剂层的材料,热管理多层和热管理多层中的子组合(例如,高温层合体)可以通过本领域已知的方法制造。制造可以是例如通过单独地堆叠层并进行层合。替代地或者另外地,可以商业地获得高温层合体,然后将其与一个或更多个另外的层组装以形成热管理多层。可商购的高温层合体的实例为还包括设置在玻璃织物上的高温有机硅粘合剂的等离子体带,例如铝箔/玻璃织物层合体。这样的层合体可从DeWAL以商品名DW系列等离子体带例如DW 407等离子体带商购。
应理解,图1至图3中示出的方面仅为示例性的,并且可以根据期望的特性使用各种各样的组合和子组合。例如,可以存在另外的热扩散层或粘合剂层。
还可以存在于热管理多层片中的另一些层或组件包含相变材料。具体地,包含相变材料的层可以存在于热管理多层片中。相变材料为具有高熔化热,并且能够在相变例如熔化和凝固期间分别吸收和释放大量潜热的物质。在相变期间,相变材料的温度几乎保持恒定。在相变材料吸收或释放热的时间期间,典型地在材料的相变期间,相变材料抑制或阻止热能流过材料。在一些情况下,在相变材料吸收或释放热时的时间段期间,典型地在相变材料经历两种状态之间的转变时,相变材料可以抑制热传递。这种作用通常是瞬时的并且将会发生直到相变材料的潜热在加热或冷却过程期间被吸收或释放。热可以从相变材料中储存或移除,并且相变材料通常可以通过热源或冷源而有效地再装载。
合适的相变材料例如描述于WO2020/227201中。如其中所述,相变材料可以被封装或未封装,或者可以使用组合。相变材料可以以进一步包含如上所述的聚合物的组合物使用。所述聚合物可以包括如上所述的一者或组合,例如聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚醚砜、ABS、SAN、PEN、PBT、PET、PVDF、全氟甲基乙烯基醚、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯的共聚物、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、FEP、偏二氟乙烯、HFP、EPR、EPDM、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、环烯烃共聚物、聚二环戊二烯橡胶、热塑性聚氨酯、SEPS、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)(SBS)、SEBS、聚丁二烯、异戊二烯、聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物、或其组合。基于相变组合物的总重量,相变材料的量可以为20重量%至98重量%、或40重量%至97重量%、或50重量%至96重量%、或50重量%至95重量%、或40重量%至95重量%、或50重量%至90重量%、或60重量%至85重量%、或75重量%至85重量%。
在一个方面,热管理多层片可以包括包含膨胀组合物的层。该层可以设置在热扩散层上。不受任何理论的束缚,认为膨胀材料可以使用两种能量吸收机制(包括形成炭,然后使炭膨胀)来减少火焰的扩散。例如,在温度达到例如200℃至280℃的值时,酸性物质(例如,聚磷酸酯酸/聚磷酸盐酸的酸性物质)可以与碳源(例如季戊四醇)反应以形成炭。在温度升高至例如280℃至350℃时,然后起泡剂可以分解以产生引起炭膨胀的气体产物。膨胀材料是已知的,描述于例如WO2020/251825中。膨胀材料可以包含酸源、起泡剂和碳源。这些组分中的每一者可以存在于单独的层中或者作为混合物,优选地紧密混合物存在。例如,膨胀材料可以包含聚磷酸酯酸/聚磷酸盐酸源,例如三(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(2,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(l-氯-3-溴异丙基)磷酸酯、双(1-氯-3-溴异丙基)-1-氯-3-溴异丙基磷酸酯、聚氨基三嗪磷酸酯、三聚氰胺磷酸酯、磷酸鸟苷脲、或其组合;碳源,例如糊精、酚-醛树脂、季戊四醇、粘土、聚合物、或其组合;以及起泡剂,例如双氰胺、偶氮二甲酰胺、三聚氰胺、胍、甘氨酸、脲、卤化有机材料、或其组合。
用于电池的组合件还可以包括压力垫,在电池中时也被称为压缩垫或电池垫,并且为了在所有情况下方便起见,在本文中被称为“压力垫”。所述垫可以设置在相邻的单体电池之间或单体电池阵列之间以解决压缩变化,特别是在单体电池膨胀期间的压缩变化。所述垫可以确保在单体电池上保持基本恒定的压力。
压力垫可以位于电池内的其他位置处。在一个方面,压力垫可以具有0.010英寸至0.500英寸(254μm至12,700μm)的厚度并且包括在宽的温度范围内具有可靠的一致的耐压缩永久变形性(c永久变形)和应力松弛性能的可压缩材料。该类型的示例性材料包括聚氨酯或有机硅泡沫(例如,可从Rogers Corporation获得的聚氨酯泡沫或有机硅泡沫)。可以用作压力垫的其他可压缩材料为本文描述的那些。如本文所使用的,“可压缩”是指材料在压力下压缩并且在释放压力时返回其原始状态的弹性体特性。
热管理多层片设置在电化学单体电池例如至少一个电化学单体电池的至少一部分上以提供用于电池的单体电池组合件。例如,图4示出了用于电池的组合件1002中的热管理多层片的定位的一个方面,以及图5示出了用于电池的组合件1003中的热管理多层片的定位的一个方面。单体电池可以为锂离子单体电池,特别是袋式单体电池。图4和图5示出了热管理多层片403可以位于第一单体电池103与第二单体电池104之间。图4示出了热管理多层片403可以为与单体电池103、104的高度和宽度大致相同的尺寸。图5示出了热管理多层片403可以比各单体电池103、104更小。热管理多层片可以延伸通过电化学单体电池的边缘以覆盖单体电池的表面的至少一部分或全部。
图6示出了用于电池的组合件1004可以包括多于两个单体电池(例如103、104)以及位于各单体电池103、104和其他单体电池中的每一者之间的热管理多层片403。在一个方面,在用于电池的组合件1004的制造期间,两个至十个耐火热管理多层片可以设置在单体电池上或单体电池阵列中。例如,两个至十个热管理多层片可以设置在内部例如面向电极,或者外部,面向电池外部。例如,两个至十个耐火热管理多层片可以设置在单体电池或袋式单体电池的袋或二者上或者粘附于单体电池或袋式单体电池的袋或二者。当然,根据单体电池和单体电池阵列的数量,可以存在一个或多于十个热管理多层片。图6还示出了热管理多层片403a,其设置在用于电池的组合件1004的外部以面向电池的外部。
在一个方面,热管理多层片的暴露的外边缘的至少一部分可以包含将热从热管理多层片的主体带走的材料88。应用于热管理多层片的暴露边缘的示例性材料包括陶瓷例如氮化硼或氮化铝、金属例如铝、高热容蜡、相变材料等、或其组合。
单体电池组合件用于电池中。电池包括至少部分地包围一个或更多个电化学单体电池或单体电池阵列的壳体。如图7所示,示例性电池2000可以包括围绕并密封电极组合件52的柔性壳体,例如袋51。用于图7的袋式单体电池或电池的外壳通常为包括金属箔层的层合材料。例如,层合袋单体电池材料可以包括在两个聚合物层之间的金属箔例如铝箔。该金属箔旨在用作防止进出电池的单体电池的所有渗透(包括水扩散)的屏障。因此,层合体完全包围电化学单体电池或单体电池阵列,从而密封单体电池或单体电池阵列。热管理多层片附加于壳体,即袋51。
电极组合件52可以包括阳极、分隔件、阴极和电解质。电池2000还包括连接至阳极的负集电器53和连接至阴极的正集电器54。负集电器53和正集电器54可以电连接至包括用于电池的控制电子装置的控制电子系统55。电池2000还包括使得电池2000能够连接至电路或装置的负外部引线56和正外部引线57。
热管理多层片可以设置在电池中的任何构造的单体电池或单体电池阵列上或者直接设置在电池中的任何构造的单体电池或单体电池阵列上。热管理多层片可以放置在电池中的单独单体电池或单体电池阵列之间。热管理多层片可以放置在例如电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的侧面、电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的一部分或电池中的选择的一组单体电池或单体电池阵列的顶部,电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的侧面、电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的一部分或电池中的选择的一组单体电池或单体电池阵列之间,电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的侧面、电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的一部分或电池中的选择的一组单体电池或单体电池阵列的下方,与电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的侧面、电池中的单体电池或单体电池阵列的一部分或电池中的选择的一组单体电池或单体电池阵列相邻,或其组合。热管理多层片(例如,具有未暴露的粘合剂)可以放置于或粘附于复数个袋式单体电池、压力管理垫、冷却板或其他内部电池组件。电池的组装压力可以将堆叠的组件固定到位。
例如,如图8所示,电池2001可以包括在壳体800内部的复数个单体电池阵列700中的复数个单体电池。热管理多层片403可以设置在两个单体电池阵列700之间。此外,如图8所示,热管理多层片403可以沿单体电池阵列的复数个单体电池设置在壳体800的侧面与单体电池阵列700的侧面之间。同样如图8所示,热管理多层片403可以设置在壳体800的端部与一个或更多个单体电池阵列700的端部之间。
以下阐述了本公开的非限制性方面。
方面1:一种热管理多层片,包括:第一热扩散层;设置在所述第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧;设置在所述第一完整性层的相反的第二侧上的第一粘合剂层的第一侧;第二完整性层;以及第二热扩散层,其中所述第二完整性层的第一侧设置在所述粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,以及所述第二热扩散层设置在所述第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上,其中所述第一粘合剂层为单层或多层粘合剂;或者所述第二热扩散层的第一侧设置在所述第一粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,所述第二完整性层的第一侧设置在所述第二热扩散层的相反的第二侧上,以及在所述第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上设置有第二粘合剂层。
方面2:根据方面1所述的热管理多层片,其中所述第一热扩散层和所述第二热扩散层各自独立地具有12.7微米至508微米,优选25.4微米至127微米的厚度,并且各自独立地包括铜、铝、银、铜合金、铝合金、银合金、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化铍、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、或其组合。
方面3:根据前述方面中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述第一完整性层和所述第二完整性层各自独立地具有25.4μm至508μm,优选25.4μm至127μm的厚度,优选地其中所述第一完整性层和所述第二完整性层各自独立地包括织造或非织造垫,所述织造或非织造垫包括高耐热性聚合物或玻璃。
方面4:根据前述方面中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚酯粘合剂、聚氟乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、或其组合。
方面5:根据前述方面中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述粘合剂层还包含填料,例如气凝胶填料、玻璃微球囊、气体填充的中空聚合物微球、氮化硼、氮化铝、云母、滑石、碳纳米管、石墨、或其组合。
方面6:前述方面中任一项的多层耐火复合材料,包括两个至十个箔层,优选地三个至十个箔层,以及两个至十个完整性层,优选地三个至十个完整性层。
方面7:根据前述方面中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述热管理多层片的暴露的外边缘的至少一部分包含将热从复合材料的主体带走的成分,例如陶瓷、高热容蜡、相变材料、或其组合。
方面8:一种用于电池的组合件,包括至少两个电化学单体电池和根据前述方面中任一项所述的热管理多层片。
方面9:根据方面8所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片在所述至少两个电化学单体电池之间。
方面10:一种用于电池的组合件,包括至少两个电化学单体电池;和热管理多层片,其中所述热管理多层片包括第一热扩散层;设置在所述第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧;以及粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层设置在所述第一完整性层的相反第二侧上。
方面11:根据方面10所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述第一热扩散层具有12.7微米至508微米,优选25.4微米至127微米的厚度,并且包括铜、铝、银、铜合金、铝合金、银合金、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化铍、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、或其组合。
方面12:根据方面10或11所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述完整性层具有25.4μm至508μm,优选25.4μm至127μm的厚度,优选地其中所述完整性层包括织造或非织造垫,所述织造或非织造垫包括高耐热性聚合物或玻璃。
方面13:根据方面10至12中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚酯粘合剂、聚氟乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、或其组合。
方面14:根据方面10至13中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片的暴露的外边缘的至少一部分包含将热从复合材料的主体带走的成分,例如陶瓷、高热容蜡、相变材料、或其组合。
方面15:根据方面10至14中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片在所述至少两个电化学单体电池之间。
方面16:根据方面10至15中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,包括2至10个所述热管理多层片。
方面17:根据方面10至16中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为锂离子单体电池。
方面18:根据方面10至17中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为棱柱形单体电池、袋式单体电池、或圆柱形单体电池。
方面19:根据方面10至18中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为袋式单体电池,并且所述热管理多层片设置在所述袋式单体电池的柔性壳体的内部、外部或二者上和/或粘附于所述袋式单体电池的柔性壳体的内部、外部或二者。
方面20:一种电池,包括根据方面8至19中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件。
方面21:根据方面20所述的电池,还包括至少部分地包围所述用于电池的组合件的壳体。
本文所描述的组合物、方法和制品可以替代地包括本文所公开的任何合适的材料、步骤或组分,由本文所公开的任何合适的材料、步骤或组分组成,或者基本上由本文所公开的任何合适的材料、步骤或组分组成。组合物、方法和制品可以另外地或替代地被配制成不含或基本上不含对于实现所述组合物、方法和制品的功能或目的不是另外必需的任何材料(或物质)、步骤或组分。
单数形式的术语不表示对数量的限制,而是表示存在至少一个所提及的项目。除非上下文另外明确地指出,否则术语“或”意指“和/或”。在整个说明书中提及“一个方面”、“另一个方面”等意指关于该方面描述的特定要素(例如,特征、结构、步骤或特性)包括在本文所述的至少一个方面中,并且可以存在于或可以不存于其他方面中。另外,应理解,所描述的要素可以在各个方面以任何合适的方式组合。
当要素例如层、膜(包括绝热多层膜)、区域或基板被称为在另一要素“上”时,该要素与另一要素相邻,并且可以直接在另一要素上或者也可以存在中间要素。相比之下,当要素被称为“直接在”另一要素“上”时,则不存在中间要素。此外,当要素例如层、膜(包括绝热多层膜)、区域或基板被称为在另一要素“上”或“直接在”另一要素“上”时,该要素的全部或一部分可以与另一要素的全部或一部分相邻。
除非本文中相反地规定,否则所有测试标准均为在本申请的申请日(或者,如果要求优先权的话,则为其中出现测试标准的最早优先权申请的申请日)之前生效的最新标准。
涉及相同组分或特性的所有范围的端点包括端点,可独立地组合,并且包括所有中间点和范围。如本文所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等,“主要”、“次要”等不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性,而是用于将一个要素与另一个要素区分开。术语“其组合”或“......中的至少一者”意指列表包括单独的各要素,以及列表中的两个或更多个要素的组合,以及列表中的至少一个要素与未提名的类似要素的组合。此外,术语“组合”包括共混物、混合物、合金、反应产物等。
除非另有定义,否则本文所使用的技术术语和科学术语具有与本公开所属领域的技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
所有引用的专利、专利申请和其他参考文献均通过引用整体并入本文。然而,如果本申请中的术语与并入的参考文献中的术语矛盾或冲突,则本申请的术语优先于并入的参考文献的冲突术语。
在附图中,为了清楚说明和便于解释,放大了层和区域的宽度和厚度。附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的要素。
本文中参照作为理想实施方案的示意图示的截面图示来描述示例性实施方案。因此,预期由例如制造技术和/或容差引起的图示的形状变化。因此,本文所描述的实施方案不应该被解释为限于如本文中示出的区域的特定形状,而是包括例如由制造引起的形状偏差。例如,示出或描述为平坦的区域通常可以具有粗糙的特征和/或非线性的特征。此外,示出的尖角可以为圆角。因此,附图中示出的区域本质上为示意性的,并且它们的形状不旨在示出区域的精确形状并且不旨在限制本权利要求书的范围。
虽然已经描述了特定方面,但是申请人或本领域其他技术人员可以想到目前无法预见或可能目前无法预见的替代方案、修改方案、变化方案、改进方案和实质等同方案。因此,所提交的所附权利要求和可能被修改的所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有这样的替代方案、修改方案、变化方案、改进方案和实质等同方案。
Claims (20)
1.一种热管理多层片,包括:
第一热扩散层,
设置在所述第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧,
设置在所述第一完整性层的相反的第二侧上的第一粘合剂层的第一侧,
第二完整性层,以及
第二热扩散层,
其中
所述第二完整性层的第一侧设置在所述粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,以及
所述第二热扩散层设置在所述第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上,
其中所述第一粘合剂层为单层或多层粘合剂;
或者
所述第二热扩散层的第一侧设置在所述第一粘合剂层的相反的第二侧上,
所述第二完整性层的第一侧设置在所述第二热扩散层的相反的第二侧上,以及
在所述第二完整性层的相反的第二侧上设置有第二粘合剂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热管理多层片,其中所述第一热扩散层和所述第二热扩散层各自独立地具有12.7微米至508微米,优选25.4微米至127微米的厚度,并且各自独立地包括铜、铝、银、铜合金、铝合金、银合金、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化铍、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、或其组合。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述第一完整性层和所述第二完整性层各自独立地具有25.4μm至508μm,优选25.4μm至127μm的厚度,优选地其中所述第一完整性层和所述第二完整性层各自独立地包括织造或非织造垫,所述织造或非织造垫包括高耐热性聚合物或玻璃。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚酯粘合剂、聚氟乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、或其组合。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述粘合剂层还包含填料,例如气凝胶填料、玻璃微球囊、气体填充的中空聚合物微球、氮化硼、氮化铝、云母、滑石、碳纳米管、石墨、或其组合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的热管理多层片,其中所述热管理多层片的暴露的外边缘的至少一部分包含将热从复合材料的主体带走的成分,例如陶瓷、高热容蜡、相变材料、或其组合。
7.一种用于电池的组合件,包括
至少两个电化学单体电池,和
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的热管理多层片。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片在所述至少两个电化学单体电池之间。
9.一种用于电池的组合件,包括
至少两个电化学单体电池;和
热管理多层片,
其中所述热管理多层片包括
第一热扩散层,
设置在所述第一热扩散层的一侧上的第一完整性层的第一侧,以及
粘合剂层,所述粘合剂层设置在所述第一完整性层的相反的第二侧上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述第一热扩散层具有12.7微米至508微米,优选25.4微米至127微米的厚度,并且包括铜、铝、银、铜合金、铝合金、银合金、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化铍、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、或其组合。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述完整性层具有25.4μm至508μm,优选25.4μm至127μm的厚度,优选地其中所述完整性层包括织造或非织造垫,所述织造或非织造垫包括高耐热性聚合物或玻璃。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚酯粘合剂、聚氟乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、或其组合。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片的暴露的外边缘的至少一部分包含将热从复合材料的主体带走的成分,例如陶瓷、高热容蜡、相变材料、或其组合。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述热管理多层片在所述至少两个电化学单体电池之间。
15.根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,包括2至10个所述热管理多层片。
16.根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为锂离子单体电池。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为棱柱形单体电池、袋式单体电池、或圆柱形单体电池。
18.根据权利要求9至17中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件,其中所述电化学单体电池为袋式单体电池,并且所述热管理多层片设置在所述袋式单体电池的柔性壳体的内部、外部或二者上和/或粘附于所述袋式单体电池的柔性壳体的内部、外部或二者。
19.一种电池,包括:
根据权利要求7至18中任一项所述的用于电池的组合件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的电池,还包括:
至少部分地包围所述用于电池的组合件的壳体。
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WO2020251825A1 (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | Rogers Corporation | An intumescent battery pad |
TW202240962A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-10-16 | 美商羅傑斯公司 | 複合熱管理片材、製造方法、使用其之電池組之組件、及包含其之電池組 |
CN114094230A (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-25 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 电化学装置和用电设备 |
DE102021132072A1 (de) * | 2021-12-06 | 2023-06-07 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Energiespeichersystem |
US20230238647A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Multi-layered battery vent management systems for traction battery packs |
WO2023144788A1 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Barrier article for a rechargeable electrical energy storage system |
US20230275299A1 (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-31 | Inventus Power, Inc. | Battery pack with thermal protection |
TW202404169A (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-01-16 | 美商亞斯朋空氣凝膠公司 | 將絕緣層併入袋式電池的封裝層的材料、系統及方法 |
WO2024030914A1 (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2024-02-08 | 24M Technologies, Inc. | Series formation of electrochemical cells |
WO2024079440A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Bae Systems Plc | A barrier for separating cells of a battery |
EP4354592A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-17 | BAE SYSTEMS plc | A barrier for separating cells of a battery |
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US20060164795A1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Systems and methods for thermally isolating independent energy producing entities |
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JP6982738B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-14 | 2021-12-17 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 複合シートおよびこれを用いた電池パック |
JP6885791B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-05 | 2021-06-16 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 熱暴走防止シート |
EP3847715A4 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-04-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | FIRE PROTECTION ARTICLES AND RELATED PROCEDURES |
EP3935677A1 (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2022-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Battery packaging materials, methods of manufacture, and uses thereof |
WO2020251825A1 (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | Rogers Corporation | An intumescent battery pad |
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