CN115236078A - Method for measuring skin retention degree of processed rice - Google Patents
Method for measuring skin retention degree of processed rice Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
- G01B11/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas using photoelectric detection means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the bark remaining degree of processed rice, belonging to the technical field of crop treatment. According to the invention, a rice sample is dyed by using a dyeing method, different structures of rice have different affinities for a dyeing agent, and the colors presented by seed coats, aleurone layers and endosperm after dyeing are different, so that an original dyed image is obtained by using imaging equipment, and the contrast and brightness of blue and green are enhanced by using image processing software, so that the contrast and brightness of purple and red are reduced, and each color is highlighted, thereby facilitating better observation; meanwhile, image processing software is used for collecting the measurement areas of the color blocks with different colors, and the ratio of the blue-green area to the sum of the areas of the three colors is calculated to determine the skin retention degree of the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop treatment, in particular to a method for measuring the skin retention degree of processed rice.
Background
At present, the peel retention degree of processed rice is mainly determined by three methods, which are respectively as follows: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out dyeing treatment on a sample, and dyeing cortex and embryo into blue-green according to the principle that the affinities of cortex, embryo and endosperm to a dyeing agent are different; the endosperm is dyed into mauve, wherein the instrument detection method can detect the skin retention degree of a sample by utilizing automatic image acquisition and analysis of an instrument and judge the processing precision; the instrument-assisted detection method is characterized in that an instrument is used for detecting the skin remaining degree of a processing precision standard sample and a rice sample and judging the processing precision by manually comparing the skin remaining degree, the two methods can be used for efficiently and accurately judging the processing precision of the sample, but the instrument is limited, and the instrument is not suitable if the instrument is not used or the instrument does not have the function of detecting the skin remaining degree. The contrast detection method is to compare the dyed standard sample and the sample of the processing precision and judge the processing precision manually, and the method has the defects that the skin remaining degree of the sample cannot be determined, so that the judgment result has large error and wastes time and labor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the skin remaining degree of processed rice, which has the characteristics of accurate data, high simplicity, low equipment dependence and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for measuring the skin retention degree of processed rice, which comprises the following steps:
husking the rice, and grinding the obtained brown rice to obtain rice grains;
mixing the rice grains with a coloring agent solution, and dyeing to obtain dyed rice grains;
collecting images of the dyed rice grains to obtain images of the dyed rice grains;
improving the saturation, contrast and brightness of blue and green in the dyed rice grain image by adopting image processing software, and reducing the saturation, contrast and brightness of purple in the dyed rice grain image until the adjusted image distinguishes a blue area, a green area and a purple area;
selecting a blue area, a green area and a purplish red area by using a color sampling function of image processing software, adjusting color tolerance, measuring the areas of color blocks corresponding to the blue, the green and the purplish red areas by using an image analysis function, and calculating the skin retention according to a formula 1:
skin retention% = [ S (blue) + S (green) ]/[ S (blue) + S (green) + (magenta) ] × 100%, formula 1.
Preferably, the rice comprises japonica rice or indica rice; the japonica rice comprises 1656 of Longjing rice, jiyuan Xiang No. 1, 18 of Longdao rice or No. 4 of Wuyou rice; the indica rice comprises Longliangyu 534 or Zhongza 1146.
Preferably, the degree of milling is 2 to 8%.
Preferably, the coloring agent in the coloring agent solution is eosin Y and methylene blue, and the mass ratio of the eosin Y to the methylene blue is 1:1.
Preferably, the device for image acquisition comprises a rice appearance quality detector.
Preferably, the color tolerance is ± 100%.
The invention provides a method for determining the degree of rice skin remaining in processed rice, which dyes a rice sample by a dyeing method, wherein different structures of rice have different affinities for a dye, the colors of the seed coat, an aleurone layer and endosperm after dyeing are different ((blue (aleurone layer), green (cortex) and mauve (endosperm)), an original image after dyeing is obtained by imaging equipment, the contrast and brightness of blue and green are enhanced by image processing software, the mauve contrast and brightness are reduced, so that each color is highlighted, better observation is facilitated, meanwhile, the measurement areas of color blocks of different colors are collected by the image processing software, and the ratio of the total area of blue and green to the area of three colors is calculated, so that the degree of rice skin remaining in the processed rice sample is determined (the area of the total area of the rice sample in the outer layer structure is the degree of rice skin remaining), and the method has the characteristics of accurate data, high simplicity, low equipment dependence and the like.
The method carries out image acquisition after dyeing, has no equipment dependence on image acquisition and is simple and convenient to operate; and then, selecting various color lumps through adjustment of image saturation, contrast and brightness by any image editing software, carrying out image analysis, carrying out bark retention calculation according to the color areas, and comparing the result with other applied rice bark retention detection equipment, wherein the result has no obvious difference.
Compared with the commercially available method for measuring the skin retention degree by utilizing the function of collecting the image color (the sample is not dyed, software analysis is carried out by scanning the exposed skin layer, and the machine has special attributes), the method distinguishes the rice outer skin layer by pre-dyeing, further realizes the skin retention degree measurement by directly using the color block collection and the area calculation method of the image processing software, is not limited by instruments and equipment, and has accurate detection result.
The standard sample is adopted to judge the processing precision of the method, and the result shows that the method is simple, convenient and easy to implement and has high accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a No. 1 dyeing image of Jiyuan incense;
FIG. 2 is a 1656 stained image of Longjing tea;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the Longdao 18 stain;
FIG. 4 is a No. 4 dyeing image of Wuyou rice;
FIG. 5 is a Longliangyou 534 stain image;
FIG. 6 is a dye image of Zhongza 1146;
FIG. 7 is a graph of skin retention for samples of different grind sizes;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the skin-leaving degree in the two measurement methods of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for measuring the skin retention degree of processed rice, which comprises the following steps:
husking the rice, and grinding the obtained brown rice to obtain rice grains;
mixing the rice grains with a coloring agent solution, and dyeing to obtain dyed rice grains;
carrying out image acquisition on the dyed rice grains to obtain a dyed rice grain image;
improving the saturation, contrast and brightness of blue and green in the dyed rice grain image by adopting image processing software, and reducing the saturation, contrast and brightness of purple in the dyed rice grain image until the adjusted image distinguishes a blue area, a green area and a purple area;
selecting a blue area, a green area and a purple area by using a color sampling function of image processing software, adjusting color tolerance, measuring the areas of color blocks corresponding to the blue, the green and the purple respectively by using an image analysis function, and calculating the skin retention degree according to a formula 1:
skin retention% = [ S (blue) + S (green) ]/[ S (blue) + S (green) + (magenta) ] × 100%, formula 1.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the materials or reagents required are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
The invention husks the rice and then grinds the obtained brown rice to obtain the rice grains. In the present invention, the rice preferably includes japonica rice or indica rice; the japonica rice preferably comprises 1656 of Longjing rice, jiyuan aromatic No. 1, 18 of Longdao rice or No. 4 of Wuyou rice; the indica rice preferably comprises Longliangyu 534 or Zhongza 1146.
The invention preferably adopts a rice huller to hulle; the specific process of dehulling is not particularly limited in the present invention and may be performed according to a process known in the art.
In the present invention, the milling is preferably carried out on a rice mill; the milling degree is preferably 2 to 8%, more preferably 4 to 6%; degree of milling (DOM)% = (mass before milling-mass after milling)/mass% before milling.
After rice grains are obtained, the rice grains are mixed with a coloring agent solution for dyeing to obtain the dyed rice grains.
In the present invention, the rice grains are preferably whole-grain rice grains; before the rice grains are mixed with the coloring agent solution, the rice grains are preferably placed in a 90mm evaporating dish or a culture dish, deionized water is added to immerse a sample for 1min, and clear water is poured out after rice bran is washed off.
In the invention, the coloring agent in the coloring agent solution is preferably eosin Y and methylene blue, and the mass ratio of eosin Y to methylene blue is preferably 1:1; the preparation method of the coloring agent solution is preferably as follows: respectively dissolving 1g of eosin Y-methylene blue in 500mL of 80% ethanol solution in volume fraction, mixing the obtained eosin Y solution and methylene blue solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and diluting the mixed staining agent and 80% ethanol solution in volume fraction according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the staining agent solution, which is specifically referred to GB/T5002-2018 Rice processing precision test.
The using amount of the coloring agent solution is not specially limited, and the rice grains can be completely immersed.
In the present invention, the process of mixing the rice grains with the solution of the coloring agent is preferably to add the coloring agent immediately to the rice grains from which the rice bran is washed off, shake the rice grains evenly, stand the rice grains for 1min, and pour out the coloring agent.
After the dyeing is finished, the invention preferably uses 80% ethanol solution to completely immerse the rice grains immediately, shakes uniformly, stands for 1min, drains off the dyeing agent, uses 80% ethanol solution to rinse for 3 times uninterruptedly, lays the obtained rice grains on filter paper to absorb water, and dries naturally until the surface has no water, thus obtaining the dyed rice grains.
After obtaining the dyed rice grains, the invention acquires the images of the dyed rice grains by collecting the images of the dyed rice grains. In the invention, the equipment for image acquisition preferably comprises a rice appearance quality detector; the present invention has no special limitation on the specific process of image acquisition, and the scanning or photographing modes known in the art can be used.
After the dyed rice grain image is obtained, the invention adopts image processing software to improve the saturation, contrast and brightness of blue and green in the dyed rice grain image and reduce the saturation, contrast and brightness of purple in the dyed rice grain image until the adjusted image distinguishes a blue area, a green area and a purple area. Because the dyed sample is not clear by naked eye observation, the invention utilizes image processing software to adjust, so that each color block after dyeing is clearer and is convenient for observation. In the present invention, the image processing software is preferably photoshop.
The invention preferably adjusts the saturation, contrast and brightness according to the actual requirement, can clearly distinguish the color blocks of different colors (blue (aleurone layer), green (cortex) and mauve (endosperm)), for example, the saturation of the red system can be reduced to the minimum by only highlighting the color of the outer layer structure. The degree of clear resolution is not specially limited, and the degree of clear resolution can be confirmed according to the actual observation condition of naked eyes. The invention enables colors which are not easy to distinguish by naked eyes to be more visual and have more contrast presentation by improving the saturation of the colors.
After a blue area, a green area and a purplish red area are distinguished, the invention selects the blue area, the green area and the purplish red area by utilizing the color sampling function of image processing software, measures the areas of color blocks corresponding to the blue, the green and the purplish red areas by utilizing the image analysis function after adjusting the color tolerance, and calculates the skin retention according to a formula 1: skin retention% = [ S (blue) + S (green) ]/[ S (blue) + S (green) + (magenta) ] × 100%, formula 1.
In the present invention, the color tolerance is preferably set to ± 100%; the process of adjusting the color tolerance is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed according to a well-known process.
The process of measuring the areas of the color blocks corresponding to the blue, green and magenta colors is not particularly limited and can be carried out according to the well-known process.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The skin retention was measured for milled rice samples of 4 japonica rice samples (long japonica 1656, jiyuan 1, long Dao, wuyou rice 4) and 2 indica rice samples (long liangyou 534, zhongza 1146), respectively:
hulling japonica rice and indica rice of different varieties by a rice huller respectively, collecting brown rice, taking a proper amount of brown rice, milling the brown rice for different time by an experimental rice mill to obtain samples with different milling degrees (the milling degrees DOM are 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% in sequence), randomly weighing 12g of complete rice grains in a 90mm evaporating dish, adding deionized water to immerse the samples for 1min, removing clear water after washing off rice bran, immediately adding a staining agent solution to immerse the samples, shaking uniformly, standing for 1min, and removing the staining agent; completely immersing the sample with an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 80% immediately after dyeing, shaking uniformly, standing for 1min, draining off the dyeing agent, continuously rinsing for 3 times with the ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 80%, spreading the obtained rice grains on filter paper to absorb water, and naturally drying until the surface is free of water;
putting the dyed and dried sample into a rice appearance quality detector JMWT 12, enabling the sample not to be overlapped, and scanning to obtain a dyed sample image;
uploading the dyed image to image processing software photoshop, improving the saturation of blue and green in the image to 100% and the contrast and the brightness through an image processing function, reducing the saturation, contrast and brightness of mauve, until the adjusted image clearly distinguishes cortex, embryo and endosperm, selecting blue (aleurone layer), green (cortex) and mauve (endosperm) by using a color sampling function of the image processing software, adjusting the color tolerance, setting the color tolerance to be plus or minus 100%, accurately selecting various color blocks, measuring each color area by using an image analysis function, and calculating the skin retention: skin retention% = [ S (blue) + S (green) ]/[ S (blue) + S (green) + (magenta) ] × 100%.
And (3) test results:
fig. 1 ~ 6 are the image after six kinds of sample processing, in fig. 1 ~ 6, the change law of observation outer structure along with the degree of milling that can be clear, the image of 6 samples is overall seen, along with the promotion of the degree of milling, the degree of milling of outer structure aggravates, the initial stage of milling is at first the seed coat, the cortex that the peel constitutes is removed by a large amount of grinds, simultaneously along with the coming off of a small amount of aleurone layer, the aleurone layer of grain face is removed by a large amount of grinds when the degree of milling is 4%, along with the improvement of the degree of milling, the aleurone layer at grain both ends is removed by grinding gradually, the belly, the aleurone layer at back is difficult to remove by grinding completely. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice has higher removal rate of an outer layer structure at the initial stage of grinding, which is possibly related to rice grain types, japonica rice grain types are shorter and round, and grain surfaces, sand rollers and rice grains rub against each other more violently in the grinding process, so that the early-stage removal effects of the two types of rice are different.
FIG. 7 shows the results of the measurement of the degree of skin peeling of the rice samples of 6 varieties of rice, in which the degree of skin peeling of the rice decreased with the increase of the degree of grinding, the rate of decrease of the degree of skin peeling was faster in the early stage of grinding, and the rate of decrease of the degree of skin peeling was gradually decreased with the further increase of the degree of grinding, as shown in FIG. 7.
Comparison of the methods
The skin-remaining degree of the commercially available rice milling standard was measured by using a rice processing precision meter (method 1) and the method of the invention in example 1 (method 2), respectively, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 8: the brown rice peel retention degrees measured by the two detection methods are respectively 5.8 +/-0.08 percent and 5.7 +/-0.07 percent, and no significant difference (P is greater than 0.05) exists, so that the method has high detection precision.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the bark remaining degree of processed rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
husking the rice, and grinding the obtained brown rice to obtain rice grains;
mixing the rice grains with a coloring agent solution, and dyeing to obtain dyed rice grains;
carrying out image acquisition on the dyed rice grains to obtain a dyed rice grain image;
improving the saturation, contrast and brightness of blue and green in the dyed rice grain image by adopting image processing software, and reducing the saturation, contrast and brightness of purple in the dyed rice grain image until the adjusted image distinguishes a blue area, a green area and a purple area;
selecting a blue area, a green area and a purplish red area by using a color sampling function of image processing software, adjusting color tolerance, measuring the areas of color blocks corresponding to the blue, the green and the purplish red areas by using an image analysis function, and calculating the skin retention according to a formula 1:
skin retention% = [ S (blue) + S (green) ]/[ S (blue) + S (green) + (magenta) ] × 100%, formula 1.
2. The assay of claim 1, wherein the rice comprises japonica or indica; the japonica rice comprises 1656 of Longjing rice, jiyuan Xiang No. 1, 18 of Longdao rice or No. 4 of Wuyou rice; the indica rice comprises Longliangyu 534 or Zhongza 1146.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the milling has a degree of milling of 2 to 8%.
4. The assay method of claim 1, wherein the staining agents in the staining agent solution are eosin Y and methylene blue, and the mass ratio of eosin Y to methylene blue is 1:1.
5. An assay method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apparatus for image acquisition comprises a rice appearance quality detector.
6. The assay of claim 1, wherein the color tolerance is ± 100%.
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| CN202310507262.6A CN116754548A (en) | 2022-07-12 | 2023-05-06 | Determination method for peel retention degree of processed rice |
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| CN1619306A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2005-05-25 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice amylose content and dextrinization temperature fast synergistic determining method |
| EP2111251B1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2018-09-12 | Joseph Neev | Devices for generation of subsurface micro-disruptions for biomedical applications |
| CN101551376B (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-09-05 | 国家粮食储备局成都粮食储藏科学研究所 | Check method of rice processing precision |
| JP5702082B2 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2015-04-15 | 花王株式会社 | Method for removing sebum from pores |
| JP2014180284A (en) * | 2013-03-16 | 2014-09-29 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Skin image generation system for analysis and skin image generation method for analysis |
| CN103404801B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-12-03 | 黑龙江省农业科学院食品加工研究所 | Malted rice with remained germs, and preparation method thereof |
| CN107705336B (en) * | 2017-04-15 | 2021-08-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Pathological image dyeing component adjusting method |
| CN207600960U (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-07-10 | 合肥美亚光电技术股份有限公司 | Precision of rice detection device |
| RU2689724C1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-05-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Method of rice grain processing |
| GB2577237B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-09-30 | Intelligent Fingerprinting Ltd | Skinprint analysis method and apparatus |
| AU2020244827A1 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | Alexis Bio, Inc. | Personalized cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation from a humanized, bespoke, designated-pathogen free, (non- human) donor and methods and products relating to same |
| DE202021004217U1 (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2023-05-30 | Mary Kay, Inc. | topical cosmetic compositions |
| CN114354541A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-15 | 中粮集团有限公司 | Rice processing precision detection method and system |
| CN114494099A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-05-13 | 合肥美亚光电技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting rice processing precision and storage medium |
| CN114617226A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-06-14 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | Special rice for clay pot rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN114632022A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-17 | 山西锦波生物医药股份有限公司 | Collagen freeze-dried fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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2022
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