CN115233142A - Preparation method of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on surface of titanium alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on surface of titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN115233142A CN115233142A CN202210893621.1A CN202210893621A CN115233142A CN 115233142 A CN115233142 A CN 115233142A CN 202210893621 A CN202210893621 A CN 202210893621A CN 115233142 A CN115233142 A CN 115233142A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of a titanium alloy. The composite hard coating prepared by the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises a titanium alloy matrix, and a nickel-based metal transition layer and a nano ceramic working coating which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the titanium alloy matrix from inside to outside. The composite coating obtained by the method solves the problem of 'eggshell effect' caused by large hardness difference between the base material and the working coating, and also solves the problem of unmatched strength and toughness of the working coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of a titanium alloy.
Background
The titanium alloy has a plurality of excellent characteristics of high specific strength, light weight, high toughness, good stability, strong corrosion resistance and the like, is an indispensable key material for high and new technology, and plays an important role in the fields of aerospace, ship industry, petrochemical industry, nuclear power, metallurgy, automobile industry and the like, such as aircraft landing gear, aircraft engine blades, ship internal combustion engines, valve sealing pairs and the like. The titanium valve is used as a control element of a special fluid medium conveying system in a special environment, and is widely applied to the chemical fields relating to acid and alkali corrosion media, such as salt manufacturing industry, paper making industry, nitric acid projects, acetic acid projects, chlor-alkali projects and the like, and the military and energy fields relating to seawater corrosion, such as aircraft carriers, destroyers, nuclear submarines, coastal nuclear power stations, offshore oil fields and the like.
However, the titanium alloy also has the defects of soft texture, low hardness, high friction coefficient, poor wear resistance, high-temperature easy oxidation, sensitivity to adhesive wear and fretting fatigue damage and the like, so that a sealing pair and a flow passage of the titanium valve are not wear-resistant, have weak anti-scouring capacity and short service life, and the development and application of the titanium alloy in the field of fluid control are severely limited. Therefore, it is one of the important issues in the industry to improve the wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys.
At present, the above problems are mainly solved by two aspects: firstly, the microstructure of the titanium alloy is improved and the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy are optimized through the process, such as directional solidification crystallization, solid solution beta phase, aging martensitic decomposition and the like; secondly, the surface of the titanium alloy is strengthened and protected by utilizing the surface engineering technology, the service performance of the titanium alloy is improved, the service life is prolonged, and the cost is reduced, such as the technical means of physical vapor deposition nitride coating, thermal spraying metal ceramic coating, laser cladding titanium and titanium alloy coating, glow ion nitriding, ultrasonic shot blasting and the like. Because the improvement of the wear resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy is limited, the surface hardening technology is mainly used in the actual engineering. The following problems often arise in case hardening techniques:
1. the huge hardness difference between the base material and the working coating causes the material to have an eggshell effect and cannot be applied to the pressure-bearing piece.
2. The working coating has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness, good wear resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, can effectively improve the oxidation resistance and wear resistance of a workpiece, but has poor plastic deformation capability, small tensile strength, bending resistance and impact strength, is easy to generate brittle fracture to cause coating failure, and particularly puts higher requirements on the toughness of the titanium valve internal part material under severe working conditions such as black water medium, multiphase flow, load impact and the like. Therefore, it is a difficult point to ensure the hardness of the titanium alloy surface coating and simultaneously consider the toughness.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Solves the technical problem
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which solves the problem of eggshell effect caused by large hardness difference between a base material and a working coating and also solves the problem of unmatched strength and toughness of the working coating.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying a nickel-based metal transition layer on the surface of the pretreated titanium alloy substrate, and spraying a nano ceramic working coating on the surface of the nickel-based metal transition layer.
Optionally, the thickness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 55-100 μm; and/or coating hardness of 400HV 0.3 ～600HV 0.3 。
OptionalThe thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.25-0.35 mm; and/or the coating hardness is 700-1050 HV 0.3 。
Optionally, the single-pass spraying thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.01-0.02 mm, the stability of the coating deposition rate is ensured by controlling the single-pass deposition thickness of the powder, and whether the coating thickness is uniform and whether the surface quality contains impurities is detected when each spraying time is 0.06-0.08 mm; further ensure Al 2 O 3 -X％TiO 2 The nano ceramic coating is free from oxide black spots, white spots, red spots and other inclusions, the coating is ensured to be in a typical layered structure, the risk of stress concentration and crack generation in the coating is reduced, the bonding strength of the coating and a base material is ensured to be more than or equal to 35MPa, the GB/T8642-2002 standard is reached, and the internal quality of the coating is improved.
If the coating thickness and the surface quality are qualified, continuing spraying until the preset thickness is reached;
and if the coating thickness and the surface quality are unqualified, performing sand blasting coarsening on the surface of the unqualified coating, and spraying the transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating again until the thickness reaches the preset thickness without impurities.
Optionally, in the spraying process of the nickel-based gold transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating, the surface temperature of the titanium alloy substrate is less than or equal to 150 ℃. The generation of common coating microcracks and the dimensional deformation of the titanium alloy matrix can be further effectively avoided.
Optionally, the nano ceramic working coating adopts A1 2 O 3 -X％TiO 2 The X% is the proportion of the high titanium slag, and the X is 3 or 13 or 20 or 40;
and/or the nickel-based metal transition layer adopts Hastelloy.
Optionally, the spraying method of the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating adopts an atmospheric plasma spraying method, so that the sprayed alloy powder is in a fully molten state in the spraying process. Further ensuring that the coating layer presents a typical layered structure, and the prepared Al 2 O 3 -X％TiO 2 The metallographic structure of the nano ceramic coating is uniform and compact, and the hardness of the coating is ensured to reach 700-1050HV 0.3 So that the wear-resistant rubber has excellent wear resistance.
Optionally, the process parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying method include:
the distance between the spraying guns is 100-140 mm;
and/or the spraying power is 27.5-39 KW;
and/or the flow rate of argon is 30-45L/min and the flow rate of hydrogen is 10-15L/min.
Further optionally, the process parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying method further include:
the spraying current is 500-600A;
and/or the powder feeding rate is 25-45 g/min;
and/or the moving speed of the spray gun is 500-600 mm/s;
and/or the step pitch is 2.5-3 mm.
Optionally, the process parameters of the nano ceramic working coating include:
the spraying current is 600-750A;
and/or the distance between the spraying guns is 80-120 mm;
and/or the flow of the spraying argon gas is 30-45L/min and the flow of the hydrogen gas is 10-15L/min;
and/or the spraying voltage is 55-68V.
Further optionally, the process parameters of the working nanoceramic coating further include:
the powder feeding rate is 20-50 g/min;
and/or the moving speed of the spray gun is 450-500 mm/s;
and/or the step pitch is 2-2.5 mm.
Optionally, the pretreatment specifically includes:
a. detecting the size and the thickness of the titanium alloy matrix; the uniformity of the thickness of the coating deposited in the spraying process of the workpiece in all directions is ensured, so that the problem that the processing time of the subsequent grinding procedure is prolonged due to the fact that the thickness of the part coating part is too thick in spraying or the coating is worn through when the part coating part is thick in grinding is avoided, and the production efficiency is improved.
b. Carrying out sand blasting and coarsening to remove impurities on the surface of the titanium alloy matrix;
c. drying the powder for spraying at 65-80 ℃, and preheating the titanium alloy matrix at 60-100 ℃.
The composite hard coating prepared by the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises a titanium alloy substrate, and a nickel-based metal transition layer and a nano ceramic working coating which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate from inside to outside.
The thickness of the nickel-based metal transition layer and the thickness of the working coating are uniform, the bonding strength between the working coating and the base material is more than or equal to 35MPa through the transition of the nickel-based metal transition layer, the GB/T8642-2002 standard is reached, in addition, the internal quality of the working coating is improved, the porosity is reduced to below 1%, the compact tissue structure of the working coating can effectively prevent oxygen, active ions and the like from contacting with titanium alloy through the coating, the hole sealing agent and the like do not need to be used again, and the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance are shown.
3. Advantageous effects
1. The hardness difference between the nickel-based metal transition layer and the base material and between the nickel-based metal transition layer and the working coating is utilized to slow down the eggshell effect of the titanium alloy matrix, so that the coating has excellent toughness as a whole, the load energy borne by the working coating is absorbed, and the service capacity of the workpiece under the working conditions of high pressure and high abrasion is improved.
2. The film-substrate binding force and the adhesive strength of the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating are utilized to enhance the toughness matching between the coating and the base material and between the coating and the base material, thereby increasing the binding strength of the coating and ensuring that the binding strength between the coating and the base material is more than or equal to 35Mpa.
3. A passivation film is formed between the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating, so that the corrosion current density on the surface of the nickel-based metal transition layer is reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy matrix under the working conditions of acid, alkali, salt and the like is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the layered structure of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the titanium alloy surface corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a micro-topography of a nickel-based metal transition layer prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a surface topography map of a nano-ceramic working coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a micro-topography of a nickel-based metal transition layer prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a surface topography map of a nano-ceramic working coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
in the figure: 10-titanium alloy matrix; a 20-nickel based metal transition layer; 30-nano ceramic working coating.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, the main materials and equipment systems of the embodiment of the present invention are selected as follows:
1. the nickel-based metal transition layer material adopts hastelloy C-276, which is abbreviated as hasC-276. The nickel-based has C-276 metal transition layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: nickel (Ni) is more than or equal to 57 percent, chromium (Cr) is 15 to 17 percent, molybdenum (Mo) is 15.0 to 17.0 percent, iron (Fe) is 4.0 to 7.0 percent, tungsten (W) is 3.0 to 4.5 percent, cobalt (Co) is less than or equal to 2.5 percent, manganese (Mn) is less than or equal to 1.00 percent, silicon (Si) is less than or equal to 0.08 percent, phosphorus (P) is less than or equal to 0.04 percent, sulfur (S) is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and carbon (C) is less than or equal to 0.01 percent.
2. A1 adopted by nano ceramic working coating material 2 O 3 -X％TiO 2 Is prepared from brown corundum and high-titanium slag through proportional mixing, smelting, cooling, breaking and pulverizingCrushing, sieving and grading to obtain 15-45 micron powder based on high titanium slag TiO 2 The ratio is A1 2 O 3 -3％TiO 2 (AT 3 for short) and A1 2 O 3 -13％TiO 2 (AT 13 for short) and A1 2 O 3 -20％TiO 2 (AT 20 for short), A1 2 O 3 -40％TiO 2 (AT 40 for short). For example, AT3 is prepared by weighing 30kg of high titanium slag with a particle size of 0.1-2 mm, mixing the high titanium slag with the particle size of 0.1-2 mm to 970kg of brown corundum with a particle size of 0.1-2 mm, melting the mixture by electric arc AT a temperature of more than 2000 ℃, cooling the mixture to normal temperature, crushing the molten mixture by a hammer crusher to 1-3 mm particles, and finally removing free iron by jet milling and grading and magnetic force to obtain the 3 TiO-containing powder with a particle size of 15-45 mu m 2 And (5) finishing AT3 powder.
3. The atmosphere plasma spraying equipment selects a PRAXAIR 3710M spraying system in the United states, the model of a spray gun is SG100, the model of a powder feeder is 1264, and an HF-2210 type special plasma spraying power supply.
4. The sand blasting equipment adopts a pressure type sand blasting machine.
Example 1
The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
the first step, pretreatment:
1. checking the workpiece and the machining size: and (3) detecting and recording the preprocessed size of the titanium alloy matrix by using a micrometer, wherein the dimensional tolerance and the form and position tolerance must meet the technical requirements on a drawing, and the uniformity of the coating thickness on each direction of a workpiece is ensured.
2. Sand blasting and coarsening: the compressed air used for sand blasting must be clean, dry and oilless; the abrasive material for sand blasting adopts No. 16 brown corundum with higher hardness, wear resistance and sharp edges and corners, and the abrasive material must be kept clean and dry; the pressure of the pressure type sand blasting machine is adjusted to be 0.6MPa, the distance from a nozzle of the sand blasting machine to the surface of a workpiece is 120mm, the included angle between the nozzle and the normal line of the surface of the titanium alloy substrate is in the range of 60 degrees, and the sand blasting time is 1.5min; the cleanliness of the surface of the workpiece after sand blasting reaches the highest cleanliness grade Sa3 in GB/T8923.1-2011, namely, inclusions are completely removed, and the roughness of the surface is Ra 10-13um; after the sand blasting is finished, the stay time of the workpiece is as short as possible and cannot exceed 1 hour, so that the regeneration of a surface oxide layer is prevented; and blowing the residual sand grains on the surface of the matrix clean by using a matched compressed air gun head after sand blasting and coarsening.
3. Drying the sprayed powder and preheating a matrix: putting 150g of has C-276 powder used by the nickel-based metal transition layer and 600g of AT13 powder required by the nano ceramic working coating into a vacuum drying oven in advance, and drying for 3 hours while keeping the temperature AT 65-80 ℃; the matrix is preheated by adopting plasma flame, the preheating temperature is controlled to be 80-100 ℃, the preheating time is 5min, and the next step is carried out immediately after preheating.
Step two, preparing a nickel-based metal transition layer: and (2) spraying the fully molten has C-276 to the surface of the titanium alloy substrate by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying device to obtain a nickel-based metal transition layer, wherein the main process parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying system are respectively that the gun distance is 100mm, the voltage is 60V, the current is 550A, the spraying power is 33KW, the argon flow is 36L/min, the hydrogen flow is 8L/min, the powder feeding rate is 40g/min, the moving rate of a spray gun is 500mm/s, the step pitch is 2.5mm, the powder deposition rate is 38%, the single-pass deposition thickness is 0.012mm, the spraying thickness is 70 mu m, and the temperature of the titanium alloy substrate is kept to be less than or equal to 150 ℃ in the spraying process.
Step three, preparation of a nano ceramic working coating: the method comprises the steps of adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying device, spraying fully-molten AT13 on the surface of a nickel-based metal transition layer on the basis of the nickel-based metal transition layer, and preparing a nano ceramic working coating, wherein the main process parameters of an atmospheric plasma spraying system comprise spraying current 600A, gun distance 90mm, argon flow 40L/min, hydrogen flow 12L/min, spraying voltage 65V, spraying power 39KW, powder feeding rate 40g/min, spray gun moving speed 450mm/s, step distance 2mm, powder deposition rate 36%, single-pass deposition thickness 0.012mm and spraying thickness 0.3mm.
In addition, in the spraying process, the temperature of the titanium alloy matrix is kept to be less than or equal to 150 ℃ in the spraying process, and when the thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.06-0.08 mm each time, the thickness of the coating is measured by a micrometer and recorded; and meanwhile, checking whether the sprayed nano ceramic working coating on the surface of the workpiece contains inclusions such as black spots, white spots or red spots, and spraying the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating again until the thickness reaches the preset thickness without inclusions after the surface of the coating needs to be subjected to sand blasting coarsening.
Detection and result: the ideal layered structure of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is shown in figure 1.
1. The surface of the titanium alloy prepared by the embodiment is provided with the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating, which is referred to as hasC-276/AT13 composite hard coating for short.
Referring to the cross-sectional morphology of the hasC-276/AT40 composite hard coating shown in fig. 2, the bonding interface between the nano ceramic working coating 30 and the nickel-based metal transition layer 20 presents a barb mosaic structure, i.e., the uneven surfaces are embedded with each other, which indicates that the bonding strength between the nano ceramic working coating and the nickel-based metal transition layer is high.
Referring to the microstructure of the nickel-based metal transition layer shown in fig. 3, the thickness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 70 μm.
Referring to the surface topography of the working nano-ceramic coating shown in fig. 4, the working nano-ceramic coating has a thickness of 0.3mm and a total thickness of 0.37mm, and the working nano-ceramic coating has a smooth surface, complete spreading of the sheets, tight stacking, low porosity and high density.
In the composite coating layer: the microhardness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 468.3HV 0.3 The porosity is 2.76 percent, and the microhardness of the nano ceramic working coating is 901.2HV 0.3 The porosity is 0.85%, and the bonding strength of the composite coating reaches 35.7MPa on the whole.
2. Electrochemical experiment tests show that the hasC-276/AT13 composite hard coating is 100ml H AT 3.5gNaCl + 2 The corrosion current of the O solution is 4.951X 10 -6 A/cm 2 5.284 x 10 smaller than the titanium alloy substrate -6 A/cm 2 And the charge transfer resistance of the coating is 3024.4 omega/cm 2 About 2.1 times that of the titanium alloy substrate, the corrosion resistance is proved to be excellent.
3. The composite coating prepared by the embodiment has the elastic modulus E of 192.96GPa, the H/E value of 0.061 and H value as shown by a surface nano-indentation test 3 /E 2 A value of 0.046, a higher H/E value and H 3 /E 2 The value shows that the crack expansion resistance and the plastic deformation resistance of the coating are good, and the wear resistance is outstanding.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating suitable for the surface of titanium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
first step, pretreatment
1. Checking the workpiece and the machining size: and (3) detecting and recording the preprocessed size of the titanium alloy matrix by using a micrometer, wherein the dimensional tolerance and the form and position tolerance must meet the technical requirements on a drawing, and the uniformity of the coating thickness on each direction of a workpiece is ensured.
2. Sand blasting and coarsening: the compressed air used for sand blasting must be clean, dry and oilless; the abrasive material for sand blasting adopts No. 16 brown corundum with higher hardness, wear resistance and sharp edges and corners, and the abrasive material must be kept clean and dry; the pressure of the pressure type sand blasting machine is adjusted to be 0.7MPa, the distance from a nozzle of the sand blasting machine to the surface of a workpiece is 130mm, the included angle between the nozzle and the normal line of the surface of the titanium alloy substrate is within 65 degrees, and the sand blasting time is 2min; the cleanliness of the surface of the workpiece after sand blasting reaches the highest cleanliness grade Sa3 in GB/T8923.1-2011, namely, inclusions are completely removed, and the roughness of the surface is Ra 10-13um; after the sand blasting is finished, the stay time of the workpiece is as short as possible and cannot exceed 1 hour, so that the regeneration of a surface oxide layer is prevented; and blowing the residual sand grains on the surface of the matrix clean by using a matched compressed air gun head after sand blasting and coarsening.
3. Drying the sprayed powder and preheating a matrix: putting 150g of has C-276 powder used by the nickel-based metal transition layer and 600g of AT40 powder required by the nano ceramic working coating into a vacuum drying oven in advance, and drying for 3 hours while keeping the temperature AT 65-80 ℃; preheating the matrix by using plasma flame, controlling the preheating temperature at 80-100 ℃, and immediately entering the next step after preheating for 5 min.
Step three, preparing a nickel-based metal transition layer: and spraying the fully molten has C-276 on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying device to obtain a nickel-based metal transition layer, wherein the main process parameters of an atmospheric plasma spraying system are respectively 100mm of gun distance, 60V of voltage, 583.3A of current, 35KW of spraying power, 30L/min of argon flow, 10L/min of hydrogen flow, 40g/min of powder feeding rate, 600mm/s of spray gun moving rate, 3mm of step distance, 37% of powder deposition rate, 0.014mm of single-pass deposition thickness and 0.1mm of spraying thickness, and the temperature of the titanium alloy substrate is kept to be less than or equal to 150 ℃ in the spraying process.
Step four, preparing a nano ceramic working coating: the method comprises the steps of adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying device, spraying fully-molten AT40 on the surface of a nickel-based metal transition layer on the basis of the nickel-based metal transition layer, and preparing a nano ceramic working coating, wherein the main process parameters of an atmospheric plasma spraying system comprise 700A of spraying current, 100mm of gun distance, 35L/min of argon flow, 15L/min of hydrogen flow, 65V of spraying voltage, 45.5KW of spraying power, 45g/min of powder feeding rate, 500mm/s of spray gun moving speed, 2.5mm of step distance, 40% of powder deposition rate, 0.014mm of single-pass deposition thickness and 0.28mm of spraying thickness.
In addition, in the spraying process, the temperature of the titanium alloy matrix is kept to be less than or equal to 150 ℃ in the spraying process, and when the thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.06-0.08 mm each time, the thickness of the coating is measured by a micrometer and recorded; and meanwhile, checking whether the sprayed nano ceramic working coating on the surface of the workpiece contains impurities such as black spots, white spots or red spots, and spraying the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating again until the thickness of the sprayed nano ceramic working coating reaches a preset thickness without impurities after the surface of the coating needs to be subjected to sand blasting coarsening.
And (3) detection and result: the ideal layered structure of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is shown in figure 1.
1. The titanium alloy surface corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating prepared in this embodiment is referred to as hasC-276/AT40 composite hard coating.
Referring to the cross-sectional morphology of the hasC-276/AT40 composite hard coating shown in FIG. 5, the bonding interface between the nano-ceramic working coating 30 and the nickel-based metal transition layer 20 presents a barb mosaic structure, i.e., the uneven surfaces are embedded with each other, which indicates that the bonding strength between the working coating and the transition layer is high.
Referring to the microstructure of the nickel-based metal transition layer shown in fig. 6, the thickness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 0.1mm.
Referring to the surface topography of the working nano-ceramic coating shown in fig. 7, the working nano-ceramic coating has a thickness of 0.28mm and a total thickness of 0.38mm, and the working nano-ceramic coating has a smooth surface, complete spreading of the sheets, tight stacking, low porosity and high density.
In the composite coating of this example: the microhardness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 455.7HV 0.3 The porosity is 2.49 percent, and the microhardness of the nano ceramic working coating is 763.2HV 0.3 The porosity is 0.92%, and the bonding strength of the composite coating layer on the whole reaches 39.6MPa.
2. Electrochemical experiment tests show that the hasC-276/AT40 composite hard coating is 100ml H AT 3.5gNaCl + 2 The corrosion current of the O solution is 4.883X 10 -6 A/cm 2 5.284 × 10 smaller than TC4 matrix -6 A/cm 2 And the charge transfer resistance of the coating is 3147.9 omega/cm 2 About 2.2 times that of the TC4 sample substrate, which proves that the corrosion resistance is better.
3. The elastic modulus E of the hasC-276/AT40 composite hard coating is 183.6GPa, the H/E value is 0.058 and H is obtained by surface nano indentation test 3 /E 2 A value of 0.045, a higher H/E value and H 3 /E 2 The values show that the coating has good crack expansion resistance, good plastic deformation resistance and good wear resistance.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (13)
1. A preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying a nickel-based metal transition layer on the surface of the pretreated titanium alloy substrate, and spraying a nano ceramic working coating on the surface of the nickel-based metal transition layer.
2. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the nickel-based metal transition layer is 55-100 mu m; and/or coating hardness of 400HV 0.3 ～600HV 0.3 。
3. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.25-0.35 mm; and/or the coating hardness is 700-1050 HV 0.3 。
4. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the single-pass spraying thickness of the nano ceramic working coating is 0.01-0.02 mm, and whether the coating thickness is uniform and whether the surface quality contains impurities is detected when each spraying time is 0.06-0.08 mm;
if the thickness is qualified, continuing spraying until the preset thickness is reached;
and if the coating is unqualified, performing sand blasting coarsening on the surface of the unqualified coating, and spraying the transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating again until the thickness reaches the preset thickness without inclusion.
5. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the spraying process of the nickel-based gold transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating, the surface temperature of the titanium alloy substrate is less than or equal to 150 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nano ceramic working coating adopts A1 2 O 3 -X％TiO 2 The X% is the proportion of the high titanium slag, and the X is 3 or 13 or 20 or 40;
and/or the nickel-based metal transition layer adopts Hastelloy.
7. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the spraying method of the nickel-based metal transition layer and the nano ceramic working coating adopts an atmospheric plasma spraying method, so that the sprayed alloy powder is in a fully molten state in the spraying process.
8. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 7, wherein the process parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying method comprise:
the distance between the spraying guns is 100-140 mm;
and/or the spraying power is 27.5-39 KW;
and/or the argon flow is 30-45L/min and the hydrogen flow is 10-15L/min.
9. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 8, wherein the process parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying method further comprise:
the spraying current is 500-600A;
and/or the powder feeding rate is 25-45 g/min;
and/or the moving speed of the spray gun is 500-600 mm/s;
and/or the step pitch is 2.5-3 mm.
10. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 7, wherein the technological parameters of the nano ceramic working coating comprise:
the spraying current is 600-750A;
and/or the distance between the spraying guns is 80-120 mm;
and/or the flow of the spraying argon gas is 30-45L/min and the flow of the hydrogen gas is 10-15L/min;
and/or the spraying voltage is 55-68V.
11. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 10, wherein the process parameters of the nano ceramic working coating further comprise:
the powder feeding rate is 20-50 g/min;
and/or the moving speed of the spray gun is 450-500 mm/s;
and/or the step pitch is 2-2.5 mm.
12. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:
a. detecting the size and the thickness of the titanium alloy matrix;
b. carrying out sand blasting and coarsening to remove impurities on the surface of the titanium alloy matrix;
c. drying the powder for spraying at 65-80 ℃, and preheating the titanium alloy matrix at 60-100 ℃.
13. The composite hard coating prepared by the preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite hard coating on the surface of the titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 12 comprises a titanium alloy substrate, and a nickel-based metal transition layer and a nano ceramic working coating which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate from inside to outside.
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| CN102732832A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Titanium alloy surface high temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance oxide gradient coat, and preparation method thereof |
| WO2014090909A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | Nova Werke Ag | Wear-resistant layer and method for producing a wear-resistant layer |
| CN111593287A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 深圳市万泽中南研究院有限公司 | Method for forming ceramic core aluminum oxide coating by supersonic plasma spraying |
| CN112725720A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | High-temperature-resistant composite ceramic insulating coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN113755780A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-12-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Composite coating for titanium alloy gasket and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102732832A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Titanium alloy surface high temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance oxide gradient coat, and preparation method thereof |
| WO2014090909A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | Nova Werke Ag | Wear-resistant layer and method for producing a wear-resistant layer |
| CN111593287A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 深圳市万泽中南研究院有限公司 | Method for forming ceramic core aluminum oxide coating by supersonic plasma spraying |
| CN112725720A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | High-temperature-resistant composite ceramic insulating coating and preparation method thereof |
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