CN115233089B - Special steel for flexible gear and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Special steel for flexible gear and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115233089B CN115233089B CN202210529639.3A CN202210529639A CN115233089B CN 115233089 B CN115233089 B CN 115233089B CN 202210529639 A CN202210529639 A CN 202210529639A CN 115233089 B CN115233089 B CN 115233089B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000870 Weathering steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses special steel for a flexspline and a preparation process thereof, wherein the special steel for the flexspline is made of medium-carbon high-strength special steel, and the chemical components of the medium-carbon high-strength special steel comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.38% -0.40%, si:0.15% -0.25%, mn:1.0% -1.20%, cr:0.8% -2.20%, ni:0.5% -0.8%, mo:0.20% -0.25%, B:0.0005% -0.0010%, sn:0.01 to 0.02 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.012 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30% -0.40%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The technical problem that weather resistance of the flexible gear material in the prior art is poor is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of flexible gears, in particular to special steel for a flexible gear and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Along with global economy integration, industry 4.0 is proposed worldwide, and a corresponding industrialized revolution is also generated in China, namely unmanned engineering taking industry 2.0 as a sign, black light factories and the like. In this process, various types of industrial robots are largely emerging. Meanwhile, the cooperative robot serving the third industry enters a fast lane, and an unprecedented development opportunity is obtained. However, in the development of domestic robots, the performance of key components such as harmonic reducers of industrial robots or collaborative robots is a bottleneck for the development of the whole robot industry. The harmonic reducer is a gear transmission mechanism which uses a wave generator and a flexible bearing to elastically deform a flexible gear (flexible gear) and is meshed with a rigid gear (rigid gear) to transmit motion and power. Because the harmonic reducer is a precision machining product, when the cooperative robot works in environments with high temperature, high humidity and high chloride ion content, the environment is extremely easy to cause corrosion inside the harmonic reducer in the robot, so that the toughness performance, fatigue resistance performance and other performances of the flexible gear in the harmonic reducer are reduced, and further the harmonic reducer can not meet the requirements of the cooperative robot, namely, the weather resistance of the flexible gear material directly restricts the service life of the domestic harmonic reducer, so that how to improve the weather resistance of special steel for domestic flexible gears is very important for maintaining and even improving the service life of the harmonic reducer.
Disclosure of Invention
The main aim of the application is to provide special steel for the flexspline and a preparation process thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the flexspline material in the prior art is poor in weather resistance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides a special steel for a flexspline, the special steel for a flexspline is made of medium carbon high-strength special steel, and the chemical components of the medium carbon high-strength special steel comprise, by mass: c:0.38% -0.40%, si:0.15% -0.25%, mn:1.0% -1.20%, cr:0.8% -2.20%, ni:0.5% -0.8%, mo:0.20% -0.25%, B:0.0005% -0.0010%, sn:0.01 to 0.02 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.012 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30% -0.40%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Optionally, in the chemical composition of the medium carbon high strength special steel, the mass of Sn is 15-20 times that of B.
Optionally, the hardness of the special steel for the flexible gear is 51.0-52.5HRC, the Charpy impact energy of the special steel for the flexible gear at minus 40 ℃ is 95-106J, theThe average weight loss ratio of the special steel for the flexible gear is 1.020-1.113 g/(m) 2 ·h)。
The application also provides a preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline, which comprises the following steps of: smelting, rolling, quenching treatment, tempering heat treatment and cold and heat control treatment, wherein the cold and heat control treatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out induction heating on the special steel subjected to tempering heat treatment to 810 ℃, and preserving heat for 5min, so that the metal plate is cooled to 300 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃ per second, and air-cooling to obtain a finished product of the special steel for the flexspline.
Optionally, the quenching treatment includes:
and (3) heating the rolled special steel to 810 ℃ in an induction way, heating and preserving heat for 60 minutes, and cooling with oil.
Optionally, the quenching treatment includes:
and (3) heating the rolled special steel to 810 ℃ in an induction way, heating and preserving heat for 60 minutes, and cooling with oil.
Optionally, the tempering heat treatment includes:
and (3) heating the special steel subjected to quenching treatment to 810 ℃ in an induction way, preserving heat for 60min, and air-cooling.
Optionally, the smelting comprises:
heating the raw materials to 1140 ℃ 850 ℃, vacuum smelting, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
Optionally, the rolling includes a first stage rolling and a second stage rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the first stage rolling is 1080 ℃ 8100 ℃, the final rolling temperature of the first stage rolling is 990 ℃ 820 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of the second stage rolling is 800 ℃ 850 ℃, and the final rolling temperature of the second stage rolling is 950 ℃ 850 ℃.
Optionally, the rolling passes of the first stage rolling are three times, and the rolling passes of the second stage rolling are five times.
Optionally, the rolling reduction rates of three times in the first-stage rolling are 22-26%, 22-26% and 22-26% in sequence, and the rolling reduction rates of five times in the second-stage rolling are 22-26%, 20-24%, 18-22%, 16-20% and 10-15% in sequence.
The application provides a special steel for a flexible gear, the weather resistance of the special steel is improved by adding trace alloy element Sn, and the distribution state of Sn in the special steel for the flexible gear is regulated and controlled by adding certain content of B and utilizing unbalanced segregation of B, meanwhile, the Cr content of certain content is combined, and the Ni content is adjusted downwards, finally, the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear can be greatly improved, through test discovery, the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear is more than 2 times that of the traditional weathering steel CorTenA, so that the weather resistance of special steel materials is greatly improved, the working requirements of environments such as high temperature, high humidity, high chloride ion content and the like are met, the requirement of a harmonic reducer on the service life of the flexible gear is met, and the technical problem that the weather resistance of the flexible gear materials in the prior art is poor is overcome.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following description will make the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention clear and complete. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the application provides special steel for a flexible gear, the special steel for the flexible gear is made of medium carbon high-strength special steel, and the chemical components of the medium carbon high-strength special steel comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.38% -0.40%, si:0.15% -0.25%, mn:1.0% -1.20%, cr:0.8% -2.20%, ni:0.5% -0.8%, mo:0.20% -0.25%, B:0.0005% -0.0010%, sn:0.01 to 0.02 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.012 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30% -0.40%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In this embodiment, specifically, C (carbon) is a primary control element of strength and hardness of steel for a flexspline, C in the steel may enter a matrix α -phase, strengthen solid solution, obtain martensite, improve hardenability, ensure sufficient hardness of high-speed steel, and as carbon content in the steel increases, strength, hardness, hardenability, and the like of the steel may be effectively improved, but at the same time plasticity, toughness, magnetism, conductivity, and the like of the steel may be lowered, and thus, C content is determined to be 0.38% to 0.40%. Si (silicon) is soluble in ferrite and austenite to improve the hardness and strength of steel, but an excessively high Si content may lower the plasticity and toughness of steel, and thus, it is determined that the Si content is 0.15% to 0.25%. Mn (manganese) has strong deoxidizing and desulfurizing capabilities, can be combined with sulfur to form MnS, so that the harmful influence of sulfur is eliminated to a great extent, the hot workability of steel is remarkably improved, and manganese has good influence on the mechanical properties of steel. Cr (chromium) can effectively increase the hardenability of steel, has the secondary hardening effect, improves the hardness and wear resistance of carbon steel, and ensures that the steel is not easy to become brittle, but Cr also increases the non-uniformity degree of carbide in the steel, reduces the heat and cold plasticity of the steel and the bending strength after heat treatment, thus determining that the Cr content is 0.8-2.20%. Ni (nickel) can improve the strength of steel, but keeps good plasticity and toughness, and nickel is insoluble in carbide and fully enters austenite, so that the stability of residual austenite is improved, and nickel added into steel can resist acid and alkali and resist the corrosion of the atmosphere and salt, so that the Ni content is determined to be 0.5% -0.8%. Mo (molybdenum) has a solid solution strengthening effect on ferrite and also improves the stability of carbide, thereby improving the strength of steel, and since molybdenum improves the softening and recovery temperature and recrystallization temperature after deformation strengthening, and strongly improves the creep resistance of ferrite, it is effective to inhibit aggregation of cementite at 4504600 ℃ and promote precipitation of special carbide, thus it is effective to improve the heat resistance of steel, hardenability and heat resistance, prevent temper brittleness, improve corrosion resistance in certain media (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water, etc.), prevent pitting tendency, etc., but when the molybdenum content is high, it also increases the difficulty of hot working, and therefore, it is determined that the Mo content is 0.20% -0.25%. Cu (copper) can improve the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steel, has more remarkable effect when being matched with phosphorus, can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of steel and the corrosion resistance in an acidic medium, but the steel with higher copper content is easy to crack during hot working, so the Cu content is determined to be 0.30% -0.40%. P (phosphorus) is easy to form micro segregation when molten steel is solidified, and then is biased to grain boundary when heated at high temperature, so that the brittleness of steel is obviously increased, and therefore, the P content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.012 percent. S (sulfur) forms MnS inclusions with Mn element in steel, and increases hot shortness of steel, so that S content is determined to be 0.005% or less. Sn (tin) is one of the five detrimental elements of steel, although it is always used as a harmful impurity element in steel, and tends to gather toward grain boundaries, thereby reducing the inter-crystal bonding force, resulting in cracking of a cast slab, deteriorating the thermoplasticity of the cast slab, jeopardizing the steel properties, affecting the steel quality, increasing the hot brittleness of the steel, causing the tempering brittleness of the steel, reducing the thermoplasticity of the steel, but a trace amount of tin can improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the steel, and contributes to improving the weather resistance of the steel, so that the Sn content is determined to be 0.01-0.02%. B (boron) is mainly in a solid solution form in steel, the hardenability of the steel can be effectively improved by adding a very small amount of boron, and B is easy to be biased to a grain boundary in the process of thermomechanical treatment, so that a competition relationship exists between the B and the bias of Sn on the grain boundary, the bias of Sn on the grain boundary is reduced, the harm of Sn on the steel performance is reduced, and the weather resistance of the steel can be improved by a small amount of Sn, so that the B content is 0.0005% -0.0010%.
Optionally, in the chemical composition of the medium carbon high strength special steel, the mass of Sn is 15-20 times that of B.
In the embodiment, the grain boundary segregation of Sn can be effectively inhibited by controlling the mass of Sn to be 15-20 times that of B, and the grain boundary segregation position is preferentially occupied by the unbalanced grain boundary segregation of boron, so that Sn is in the crystal, and the weather resistance of special steel for the flexspline is effectively improved.
In one embodiment, the special steel for flexspline uses a two-step heat treatment process comprising the steps of:
quenching: heating the rolled special steel to 810 ℃ by induction, heating and preserving heat for 60min, and cooling by oil;
tempering heat treatment: heating the special steel after quenching treatment to 810 ℃ by induction, preserving heat for 60min, and air-cooling;
and (3) cold and heat control treatment: and (3) carrying out induction heating on the special steel subjected to tempering heat treatment to 810 ℃, and preserving heat for 5min, so that the metal plate is cooled to 300 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃ per second, and air-cooling to obtain a finished product of the special steel for the flexspline.
In this embodiment, the process of preparing the special steel for the flexspline may further include smelting, refining, rolling, quenching, tempering, and the like.
In the embodiment, after tempering heat treatment, the second heat treatment tempering is performed by controlling the cold and hot treatment, the grain boundary segregation behavior of Sn and B is regulated and controlled by controlling the cooling speed, so that the B is distributed in the grain boundary, and the Sn is distributed in the crystal, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance and strength of the special steel for the flexible gear and the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear under the condition of ensuring the performance of the special steel for the flexible gear, and carrying out a periodic infiltration corrosion test by using the TB/T2395-1993 standard, and experimental results show that the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear provided by the application is more than 2 times that of the traditional weather-resistant steel CorTenA (one of the Codene steels), the weather resistance of the steel is obviously improved, and the technical problem of poor weather resistance of the flexible gear material in the prior art is overcome.
Optionally, the hardness of the special steel for the flexspline is 51.0-52.5HRC (Rockwell hardness), the Charpy impact energy of the special steel for the flexspline at-40 ℃ is 95-106J (Joule), and the average weight loss rate of the special steel for the flexspline is 1.020-1.113 g/(m) 2 ·h)。
In the embodiment, the hardness of the special steel for the flexspline can reach 51.0-52.5HRC, the Charpy impact energy at-40 ℃ reaches 95-106J, and the average weight loss rate is controlled to be 1.020-1.113 g/(m) by controlling the chemical components and/or the heat treatment process of the special steel for the flexspline 2 ·h)。
In the embodiment, the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear is improved by adding the trace alloy element Sn, and the distribution state of Sn in the special steel for the flexible gear is regulated and controlled by adding a certain content of B and utilizing unbalanced segregation of B, meanwhile, the content of Cr is combined with a certain content of Ni, and the content of Ni is regulated down, so that the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear can be greatly improved finally, which is found through tests to be more than 2 times that of the traditional weathering steel CorTenA, so that the weather resistance of the special steel material is greatly improved, the working requirements of environments such as high temperature, high humidity, high chloride ion content and the like are met, the requirement of a harmonic reducer on the service life of the flexible gear is met, and the technical problem that the weather resistance of the flexible gear material in the prior art is poor is overcome.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline, which is used for preparing the special steel for the flexspline, and comprises the following steps of: smelting, rolling, quenching treatment, tempering heat treatment and cold and heat control treatment, wherein the cold and heat control treatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out induction heating on the special steel subjected to tempering heat treatment to 810 ℃, and preserving heat for 5min, so that the metal plate is cooled to 300 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃ per second, and air-cooling to obtain a finished product of the special steel for the flexspline.
In this embodiment, specifically, the raw material of C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, B, sn, P, S, cu is melted, homogenized, cast into a billet, rolled into a plate, and quenched and tempered, wherein quenching refers to a heat treatment process for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel materials, including quenching treatment and tempering treatment, wherein the quenching treatment is a heat treatment process for heating steel to a temperature higher than a critical temperature Ac3 (the final temperature at which the pro-eutectoid ferrite is fully transformed into austenite when heated) (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (the starting temperature of pearlite to austenite when heated) (hypereutectoid steel), holding for a period of time, fully or partially austenitizing, then rapidly cooling to a temperature lower than Ms (the transformation starting temperature of martensite when quenched) (or isothermal temperature near Ms) at a cooling rate higher than the critical cooling rate, and tempering treatment is a heat treatment process for reheating the quenched workpiece to a suitable temperature lower than the lower critical temperature Ac1, cooling in a medium such as air or water, and the like after a period of time, wherein the tempering treatment includes tempering treatment and tempering treatment in this application, and controlling the tempering treatment, and the tempering treatment includes two steps of controlling the tempering treatment: and (3) placing the special steel subjected to tempering heat treatment into a heating furnace, carrying out induction heating to 810 ℃, such as 820 ℃, 836 ℃, 840 ℃ and the like, preserving heat for 5min, cooling the metal plate to 300 ℃ at a speed of 4-6 ℃ per second in an air cooling line or other devices capable of controlling cooling speed, and carrying out air cooling to obtain a finished product of the special steel for the flexspline.
Optionally, the smelting comprises:
heating the raw materials to 1140 ℃ 850 ℃, vacuum smelting, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
In the present example, specifically, the raw material of C, si, mn, cr, ni, mo, B, sn, P, S, cu was heated to 1140 ℃ 850 ℃, for example 1090 ℃, 1145 ℃, 1190 ℃ and the like in a vacuum melting furnace, and vacuum melted for 2 hours to homogenize the components and cast into billets.
Optionally, the rolling includes a first stage rolling and a second stage rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the first stage rolling is 1080 ℃ 8100 ℃, the final rolling temperature of the first stage rolling is 990 ℃ 820 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of the second stage rolling is 800 ℃ 850 ℃, and the final rolling temperature of the second stage rolling is 950 ℃ 850 ℃.
In this embodiment, specifically, a billet cast after component homogenization is subjected to two-stage rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the first-stage rolling is 1080 ℃, such as 980 ℃, 1082 ℃, 1180 ℃, the final rolling temperature of the first-stage rolling is 990 ℃, such as 950 ℃, 992 ℃, 990 ℃, and the like, the initial rolling temperature of the second-stage rolling is 800 ℃, 850 ℃, such as 980 ℃, 805 ℃, 820 ℃, and the like, and the final rolling temperature of the second-stage rolling is 950 ℃, such as 960 ℃, 984 ℃, 800 ℃, and the like.
Optionally, the rolling passes of the first stage rolling are three times, and the rolling passes of the second stage rolling are five times.
Optionally, the rolling reduction rates of three times in the first-stage rolling are 22-26%, 22-26% and 22-26% in sequence, and the rolling reduction rates of five times in the second-stage rolling are 22-26%, 20-24%, 18-22%, 16-20% and 10-15% in sequence.
In the present embodiment, specifically, the reduction ratio of the first pass is 22 to 26%, for example, 22%, 23.5%, 26%, etc., in the first stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the second pass is 22 to 26%, for example, 22%, 22.8%, 26%, etc., in the first stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the first pass is 22 to 26%, for example, 22%, 25.2%, 26%, etc., in the second stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the first pass is 22 to 26%, for example, 22%, 22.8%, 26%, etc., in the second stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the second pass is 20 to 24%, for example, 20%, 22.2%, 24%, etc., in the second stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the third pass is 18 to 22%, for example, 18.6%, 22%, etc., in the second stage rolling, the reduction ratio of the fourth pass is 16 to 20%, for example, 16%, 19.8%, 20%, etc., in the reduction ratio of the fifth pass is 10 to 15%, for example, 10%, 15%, etc., and the reduction ratio of the work piece is high, etc., in the reduction ratio of the work piece is the work piece.
Optionally, the quenching treatment includes:
and (3) heating the rolled special steel to 810 ℃ in an induction way, heating and preserving heat for 60 minutes, and cooling with oil.
In this embodiment, specifically, the rolled special steel plate is put into a heating furnace, induction heated to 830 ℃ 810 ℃, such as 820 ℃, 826 ℃, 840 ℃ and the like, heated and kept for 60 minutes, and then oil quenched and cooled to room temperature.
Optionally, the tempering heat treatment includes:
and (3) heating the special steel subjected to quenching treatment to 810 ℃ in an induction way, preserving heat for 60min, and air-cooling.
In this example, specifically, a sheet of special steel after quenching treatment was put into a heating furnace, induction heated to 500 ℃ 810 ℃, for example, 490 ℃, 500 ℃, 510 ℃, etc., heated and kept for 60 minutes, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
In the embodiment, after tempering heat treatment, the second heat treatment tempering is performed by controlling the cold and hot treatment, the grain boundary segregation behavior of Sn and B is regulated and controlled by controlling the cooling speed, so that the B is distributed in the grain boundary, and the Sn is distributed in the crystal, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance and strength of the special steel for the flexible gear and the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear under the condition of ensuring the performance of the special steel for the flexible gear, and carrying out a periodic infiltration corrosion test by using the TB/T2395-1993 standard, and experimental results show that the weather resistance of the special steel for the flexible gear provided by the application is more than 2 times that of the traditional weather-resistant steel CorTenA (one of the Codene steels), the weather resistance of the steel is obviously improved, and the technical problem of poor weather resistance of the flexible gear material in the prior art is overcome.
The preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline is used for preparing the special steel for the flexspline, and solves the technical problem that the flexspline material in the prior art is poor in weather resistance. Compared with the prior art, the preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline has the same beneficial effects as those of the special steel for the flexspline provided by the embodiment, and other technical features in the preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline are the same as those disclosed by the method of the embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
Further, the application also carries out performance evaluation on the special steel for the flexible gear, and the evaluation content comprises:
hardness: the hardness was determined by Rockwell hardness test using a 150Kg load and a diamond cone indenter.
-40 ℃ Charpy impact energy: the Charpy impact energy at the temperature of-40 ℃ is measured by the Charpy impact test.
Weather resistance: the TB/T2395-1993 standard is adopted for carrying out a periodic infiltration corrosion test, the corrosion weight loss rate is calculated, and the corrosion weight loss rate is characterized.
Specifically, corten A was selected as a comparative steel, and experimental steels were prepared according to the following preparation methods of example 1 and example 2, and according to the mass percentages of different chemical components of example 1 and example 2.
Example 1
The experimental steel comprises the following specific components:
c:0.39%, cr:1.01%, si:0.16%, mn:1.15%, ni:0.6%, mo:0.23%, cu:0.35%, S: less than or equal to 0.005 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.008 percent of Sn:0.01%, B:0.0006% of Fe and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: heating the raw materials for vacuum smelting to 1150 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours to homogenize the components and cast into billets;
(2) Rolling: rolling the homogenized billet in the first stage at 1050 deg.c and 992 deg.c and three times of rolling with rolling reduction of 22.4%, 23.3% and 24.8% respectively; the second stage is to start rolling at 811 deg.c and finish rolling at 985 deg.c with five pass rolling reduction of 25.4%, 22.8%, 20.0%, 18.6% and 13.2%, and after rolling, the rolling is cooled to room temperature;
(3) Quenching: the rolled flexible wheel is heated to 835 ℃ by a special steel plate in an induction way, heated and kept for 60 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature by oil;
(4) Tempering heat treatment: and (3) carrying out induction heating on the quenched flexible gear by using a special steel plate, adjusting the tempering induction heating temperature to 510 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling to room temperature.
(5) And (3) cold and heat control treatment: and (3) adjusting the induction heating temperature to 840 ℃ and preserving the heat for 5min, controlling the cooling speed to cool the sheet material of the special steel for the flexible gear after tempering heat treatment to 300 ℃ at the cooling speed of 4.5 ℃ per second, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
The experimental steel comprises the following specific components:
c:0.40%, cr:1.85%, si:0.22%, mn:1.05%, ni:0.55%, mo:0.22%, cu:0.33%, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Sn:0.02%, B:0.0010% of Fe and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: heating the raw materials for vacuum smelting to 1160 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours to homogenize the components and cast into billets;
(2) Rolling: rolling the homogenized billet in the first stage at 1130 deg.c and 990 deg.c for three times to obtain rolling reduction of 25.6%, 22.0% and 23.0%; the second stage rolling temperature is 980 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 910 ℃, the five-pass rolling reduction is 22.6%, 20.4%, 18.2%, 19.0% and 11.5%, and the rolling is accelerated to cool to room temperature;
(3) Quenching: the rolled flexible wheel is heated to 840 ℃ by a special steel plate in an induction way, and is heated and kept for 60 minutes, and then is cooled to room temperature by oil;
(4) Tempering heat treatment: and (3) carrying out induction heating on the quenched flexible gear by using a special steel plate, adjusting the tempering induction heating temperature to 505 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling to room temperature.
(5) And (3) cold and heat control treatment: and (3) adjusting the induction heating temperature to 840 ℃ and preserving the heat for 5min, controlling the cooling speed to cool the sheet material of the special steel for the flexible gear after tempering heat treatment to 300 ℃ at the cooling speed of 4.5 ℃ per second, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The test steels prepared in example 1 and example 2 and the comparative steels were tested for hardness, -40 ℃ Charpy impact energy and corrosion weight loss ratio, and the test results are shown in Table 1:
table 1 test results
As can be seen from table 1, the corrosion weight loss ratio of example 1 and example 2 was less than half that of the comparative steel, i.e., the weather resistance of example 1 and example 2 was 2 times or more that of the comparative steel corena.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow modifications that may be made using the teachings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related fields, are included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The special steel for the flexible gear is characterized by being made of medium-carbon high-strength special steel, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.38% -0.40%, si:0.15% -0.25%, mn:1.0% -1.20%, cr:0.8% -2.20%, ni:0.5% -0.8%, mo:0.20% -0.25%, B:0.0005% -0.0010%, sn:0.01 to 0.02 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.012 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, cu:0.30% -0.40%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the hardness of the special steel for the flexible gear is 51.0-52.5HRC, the Charpy impact power of the special steel for the flexible gear at minus 40 ℃ is 95-106J, and the average weight loss rate of the special steel for the flexible gear is 1.020-1.113 g/(m) 2 ·h)；
The preparation process of the special steel for the flexspline comprises the following steps: smelting, rolling, quenching treatment, tempering heat treatment and cold and heat control treatment, wherein the cold and heat control treatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out induction heating on the special steel subjected to tempering heat treatment to 830+/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 5min, cooling the metal plate to 300 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃ per second, and carrying out air cooling to obtain a finished product of the special steel for the flexspline.
2. The special steel for flexspline according to claim 1, wherein the mass of Sn in the chemical composition of the medium carbon high strength special steel is 15-20 times the mass of B.
3. The process for producing special steel for flexspline according to claim 1, wherein the quenching treatment comprises:
and (3) heating the rolled special steel to 830+/-10 ℃ in an induction way, heating and preserving heat for 60 minutes, and cooling with oil.
4. The process for producing special steel for flexspline according to claim 1, wherein the tempering heat treatment comprises:
and (3) carrying out induction heating on the special steel subjected to quenching treatment to 500+/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and carrying out air cooling.
5. The process for preparing special steel for flexspline according to claim 1, wherein the smelting comprises:
heating the raw materials to 1140+/-50 ℃, vacuum smelting, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
6. The process for producing a special steel for a flexspline according to claim 1, wherein the rolling includes a first stage rolling having an initial rolling temperature of 1080 ℃ ± 100 ℃, a final rolling temperature of 970 ℃ ± 20 ℃, an initial rolling temperature of 800 ℃ ± 50 ℃, and a final rolling temperature of 750 ℃ ± 50 ℃.
7. The process for producing special steel for flexspline according to claim 6 wherein the first stage rolling is performed three times and the second stage rolling is performed five times.
8. The process for producing special steel for flexspline as claimed in claim 7, wherein the rolling reduction of three passes in the first stage rolling is 22-26%, 22-26% in order, and the rolling reduction of five passes in the second stage rolling is 22-26%, 20-24%, 18-22%, 16-20%, 10-15% in order.
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