CN115232931A - Anti-deformation control method for arc-shaped part vacuum quenching heat treatment - Google Patents
Anti-deformation control method for arc-shaped part vacuum quenching heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115232931A CN115232931A CN202210798247.7A CN202210798247A CN115232931A CN 115232931 A CN115232931 A CN 115232931A CN 202210798247 A CN202210798247 A CN 202210798247A CN 115232931 A CN115232931 A CN 115232931A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-deformation control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a tool, wherein the tool comprises an ear anti-deformation tool and an arc surface anti-deformation tool; the lug plate anti-deformation tool comprises a cushion block, a gasket, a nut and a pin, wherein the cushion block is embedded into a part groove, the pin penetrates through a lug plate hole and a cushion block reserved hole, and the gasket is sleeved at two ends of the pin and then is used for locking and fixing the lug plate; the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool comprises a stainless steel sheet metal part, wherein the shape, the length and the width of the stainless steel sheet metal part are similar to those of the arc-shaped surface of the part, and a plurality of arc-shaped stainless steel sheet metal parts are mutually overlapped and abut against the arc-shaped surface of the part and are bound and fixed by using stainless, non-plating and clean iron wires; placing the part on a heat treatment material rack to ensure that the part is in an effective heating area; and step three, conveying the part along with the heat treatment rack into a vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment. The invention obviously improves the problem of large deformation of the part after vacuum heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of steel parts, in particular to a deformation prevention control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts.
Background
The 38CrMoAlA steel belongs to high-grade nitride steel, a 38CrMoAlA part has a high requirement on the surface roughness before nitriding, the surface roughness needs to reach Ra0.8 mu m, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the structural schematic diagram of the part is shown, all surfaces of the part are nitrided surfaces, a front surface part of a part main body is provided with a groove 101, the part main body is provided with two lug plates 102, and edges of the back surface and two sides of the part main body are in an arc-shaped structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a deformation prevention control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an anti-deformation control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a tool set,
the tool comprises an ear anti-deformation tool and an arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool;
wherein; the lug deformation preventing tool comprises a cushion block, a gasket, a nut and a pin, wherein the cushion block is embedded into a groove of a part, the pin penetrates through a lug hole and a reserved hole of the cushion block, and the gasket is sleeved at two ends of the pin and then is locked and fixed with the lug by the nut;
the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool comprises a stainless steel sheet metal part, wherein the shape, the length and the width of the stainless steel sheet metal part are similar to those of the arc-shaped surface of the part, and the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool is bound and fixed by a stainless, non-plating and clean iron wire through mutual superposition of a plurality of arc-shaped stainless steel sheet metal parts and clinging to the arc-shaped surface of the part; if the stainless steel sheet metal part cannot be completely attached to the arc-shaped surface of the part, filling the gap with filler;
secondly, flatly placing the part fixed by the tool on a heat treatment material rack to ensure that the part is in an effective heating area;
and step three, conveying the parts into a vacuum furnace along with the heat treatment rack for vacuum heat treatment.
Furthermore, the filler is iron wire.
Further, the thickness of the stainless steel sheet metal part is 0.1mm to 1.0mm.
Further, the number of the stainless steel sheet metal parts is 1-10.
Further, the vacuum heat treatment in the third step adopts a stage heating treatment method.
Further, the vacuum heat treatment method comprises:
1) Preheating: the vacuum degree before heating and in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa-13.3 Pa, the heating rate is less than or equal to 10 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 650-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 140-220 min;
2) Quenching: the vacuum degree in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 Pa-13.3 Pa, the heating rate of the process of heating the preheating temperature to the quenching temperature along with the furnace is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 940 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 140 min-220 min, the cooling medium is common quenching oil, and the temperature of the cooling medium is 20 ℃ to 70 ℃;
3) Tempering: vacuum degree of 1.33X 10 -1 Pa-13.3 Pa, heating temperature of 600-630 ℃, heat preservation time of 150-220 min, cooling medium of common quenching oil and temperature of 20-70 ℃.
Further, the lug anti-deformation tool is made of the same material as the part.
The part heat treatment deformation is prevented through the lug anti-deformation tool and the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool, the tool is simple to operate and low in cost, the lug can be fixed through the lug anti-deformation tool to reduce the deformation generated by quenching heat treatment, and the lug anti-deformation tool made of the same material can avoid the large part damage caused by the deformation difference in the quenching process due to the large difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of different types of steel; the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool can be attached to the arc-shaped surface of the part, so that the arc-shaped surface of the part is prevented from being deformed greatly due to the fact that different parts of the arc-shaped surface are cooled at the oil quenching moment and the structure is changed at different times due to uneven cooling; the deformation of the part in quenching heat treatment can be effectively controlled; the problem of large deformation of the arc-shaped structure 38CrMoAlA part after vacuum heat treatment is obviously solved, and the method plays a production guiding role in improving the large deformation of the arc-shaped structure metal part after heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a rear view of a prior art part;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a prior art part;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the ear deformation preventing tool of the preferred embodiment of the present invention mounted on a part;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the spacer in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the stainless steel sheet metal part according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: cushion 1, packing ring 2, nut 3, pin 4, stainless steel sheet metal component 5, cushion reservation hole 11, recess 101, auricle 102, auricle hole 103.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, however, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: an anti-deformation control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a tool set,
the tooling comprises an ear piece anti-deformation tooling and an arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tooling;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the lug deformation preventing tool comprises a cushion block 1, a gasket 2, a nut 3 and a pin 4, 38CrMoAlA steel material with the same material is used for manufacturing the cushion block 1, the gasket 2, the nut 3 and the pin 4 with proper sizes, the lug deformation preventing tool manufactured by the same material can avoid the problem that parts are damaged due to large deformation difference in the quenching process caused by large difference of thermal expansion coefficients of different types of steel materials, the size of the tool is determined according to the actual size of the parts, the cushion block 1 is embedded into a part groove 101, the pin 4 penetrates through a lug hole 103 and a cushion block reserved hole 11, and the lug 102 is locked and fixed by the nut after the gasket 2 is sleeved in two ends of the pin; the washer 2 can prevent the nut 3 and parts from being scratched; because the thickness of the section of the joint of the root of the lug plate 102 and the main body of the part is different, the quenching heat treatment of the part generates larger deformation due to the difference of an internal temperature field, the gravity of the part and other factors, and the deformation generated by the quenching heat treatment can be reduced by fixing the lug plate 102 through the lug plate deformation preventing tool;
as shown in fig. 5, the arc-shaped surface deformation prevention tool comprises a stainless steel sheet metal part 5, wherein a stainless steel plate with a certain thickness and good plasticity is taken and processed into the stainless steel sheet metal part 5 with the shape similar to the arc-shaped surface of the part, the length and the width of the part are the same, the stainless steel sheet metal part 5 can be perfectly attached to the arc-shaped surface, if the part can be perfectly attached, a certain number of arc-shaped steel sheet metal parts 5 are attached to the arc-shaped surface and are bound and fixed by rustless, non-plated and clean iron wires; if the stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 cannot be completely attached, a certain number of stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 are attached to the arc-shaped surface and are bound and fixed by stainless, non-plating and clean iron wires, and then some stainless, non-plating and clean iron wires are inserted into gaps at two ends of the arc-shaped surface to be filled and fixed, wherein the arc-shaped surface attached to the stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 is used for avoiding large deformation of the arc-shaped surface of the parts caused by different cooling parts of the arc-shaped surface at the instant of oil quenching and non-uniform cooling to cause different tissue transformation, the quantity of the stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 is selected to ensure that the parts can be completely quenched, further, the thickness of the stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 is 0.1-1.0 mm, and the quantity of the stainless steel sheet metal parts 5 is 1-10 pieces;
step two: the part fixed by the tool is flatly placed on a heat treatment material rack, and the part is ensured to be in an effective heating area;
step three: conveying the parts along with a heat treatment rack into a vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment;
in order to ensure that the whole part of the part is uniformly heated as much as possible, fully release stress and avoid deformation of the part in the heating process caused by nonuniform stress release in the heating process of the part, the vacuum heat treatment adopts a stage heating treatment method, and the vacuum heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) Preheating: the vacuum degree before heating and in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa to 13.3Pa, the heating rate is less than or equal to 10 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 650 to 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 140 to 220min;
2) Quenching: the vacuum degree in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 Pa-13.3 Pa, the heating rate of the process of heating the preheating temperature to the quenching temperature along with the furnace is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 940 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 140 min-220 min, the cooling medium is common quenching oil, and the temperature of the cooling medium is 20 ℃ to 70 ℃;
3) Tempering: vacuum degree of 1.33X 10 -1 Pa-13.3 Pa, heating temperature of 600-630 ℃, heat preservation time of 150-220 min, cooling medium of common quenching oil and temperature of 20-70 ℃.
After the heat treatment is finished, the maximum deformation of the parts protected by the tool and the parts without the protection is measured to be 24 wires and 120 wires respectively, so that the problem of large deformation of the arc-shaped structure 38CrMoAlA parts after vacuum heat treatment is obviously solved, and the production guidance significance is provided for improving the large deformation of the arc-shaped structure metal parts after heat treatment.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An anti-deformation control method for vacuum quenching heat treatment of arc-shaped parts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a tool,
the tool comprises an ear anti-deformation tool and an arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool;
wherein; the lug plate anti-deformation tool comprises a cushion block, a gasket, a nut and a pin, wherein the cushion block is embedded into a part groove, the pin penetrates through a lug plate hole and a cushion block reserved hole, and the gasket is sleeved at two ends of the pin and then is used for locking and fixing the lug plate;
the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool comprises a stainless steel sheet metal part, wherein the shape, the length and the width of the stainless steel sheet metal part are similar to those of the arc-shaped surface of the part, and the arc-shaped surface anti-deformation tool is bound and fixed by a stainless, non-plating and clean iron wire through mutual superposition of a plurality of arc-shaped stainless steel sheet metal parts and clinging to the arc-shaped surface of the part; if the stainless steel sheet metal part cannot be completely attached to the arc-shaped surface of the part, filling the gap with filler;
secondly, flatly placing the part fixed by the tool on a heat treatment material rack to ensure that the part is in an effective heating area;
and step three, conveying the parts into a vacuum furnace along with the heat treatment rack for vacuum heat treatment.
2. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler is iron wire.
3. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the stainless steel sheet metal part is 0.1 mm-1.0 mm.
4. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part according to claim 1, wherein the number of the stainless steel sheet metal parts is 1-10.
5. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum heat treatment in the third step adopts a stage heating treatment method.
6. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vacuum heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) Preheating: the vacuum degree before heating and in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa to 13.3Pa, the heating rate is less than or equal to 10 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 650 to 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 140 to 220min;
2) Quenching: the vacuum degree in the whole heating and heat preservation process is 1.33 Pa-13.3 Pa, the heating rate of the process of heating the preheating temperature to the quenching temperature along with the furnace is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min, the heating temperature is 940 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 140 min-220 min, the cooling medium is common quenching oil, and the temperature of the cooling medium is 20 ℃ to 70 ℃;
3) Tempering: the degree of vacuum was 1.33X 10 -1 Pa-13.3 Pa, heating temperature of 600-630 ℃, heat preservation time of 150-220 min, cooling medium of common quenching oil and temperature of 20-70 ℃.
7. The vacuum quenching heat treatment deformation prevention control method for the arc-shaped part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lug deformation prevention tool is made of the same material as the part.
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