CN115231834A - Design method of radiation refrigeration glass with inside and outside radiation characteristics being regulated and controlled bidirectionally - Google Patents
Design method of radiation refrigeration glass with inside and outside radiation characteristics being regulated and controlled bidirectionally Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 15
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/38—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal at least one coating being a coating of an organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of radiation refrigeration glass with bidirectional regulation and control of inside and outside radiation characteristics, which uses TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 As reflective layer, noted NIR; PDMS as the emitting layer; for buildings without or with closed indoor refrigeration systems, the radiation refrigeration Glass has the structure of PDMS/NIR/Glass from outside to inside in sequence; for a building with an indoor opening refrigeration system, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR from outside to inside in sequence. The invention designs the radiation refrigeration glass with different structures according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, and realizes the purposes of building energy conservation and consumption reduction to the maximum extent through the bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation refrigeration, and particularly relates to a design method of radiation refrigeration glass with bidirectional regulation and control of inside and outside radiation characteristics.
Background
Refrigeration is an indispensable demand in production and life, most of traditional cooling systems used in buildings generate a large amount of greenhouse gases while consuming electric power, and the radiation refrigeration technology does not consume external energy, and is widely applied to the fields of building energy conservation, clothing cooling, water cooling, air cooling, battery cooling and the like. The window glass is the part with the lowest efficiency in a closed space such as a building or a vehicle window, and for the special application occasions, the dual requirements of transparency and refrigeration need to be considered, but sunlight projected into the interior can bring heat into the window glass, and the radiation refrigeration performance is influenced. The radiation refrigeration coating is therefore required to satisfy: (1) The film has high transmittance in a visible light range (0.4-0.8 mu m), and meets the indoor lighting requirement to the maximum extent; (2) The solar energy collector has high reflectivity in a sunlight wave band (0.3-2.5 mu m) so as to reduce the accumulation of solar radiation heat as much as possible; (3) Has high emissivity in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m), and effectively radiates heat to outer space.
Researchers develop researches on transparent radiation refrigeration coatings and use the transparent radiation refrigeration coatings to prepare radiation refrigeration glass for building energy conservation, but the researches only consider the influence of outdoor environment (such as geographical position, weather condition and the like) change and do not relate to the influence of indoor environment change, so that the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction of the prepared radiation refrigeration glass cannot be realized to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing radiation refrigeration glass, the invention aims to provide a radiation refrigeration glass design method for bidirectionally regulating and controlling the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for designing radiation refrigerating glass with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics uses TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 As reflective layer, noted NIR; PDMS as the emitting layer;
for buildings without or with closed indoor refrigeration systems, the radiation refrigeration Glass has the structure of PDMS/NIR/Glass from outside to inside in sequence;
for a building with an indoor opening refrigeration system, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR from outside to inside in sequence.
The inventor finds that the cooling energy consumption of the building is not only influenced by the geographical position and the weather condition, but also influenced by the opening and closing of the indoor air conditioning system. In summer hot weather, for a building with an air conditioning system started, the temperature of an external structure (comprising a roof, a wall, a window and the like) of the building is higher, the indoor temperature is lower, the inner layer has low emissivity, and the high-reflectivity energy-saving window can reduce the heat transfer of the outside to the inside of the building to the greatest extent, maintain the internal lower temperature and further reduce the refrigeration energy consumption; for buildings without or with an air conditioning system closed, the sunlight penetrates through the glass to heat the indoor space, so that the indoor temperature is higher, the inner layer has high emissivity, namely, the energy-saving window with high absorptivity can improve the heat dissipation of the indoor space and the outdoor space of the building, and the effects of reducing the indoor temperature and saving the refrigeration energy consumption are achieved. Therefore, the invention designs the radiation refrigeration glass with different structures according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, and realizes the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction of the building to the maximum extent through the bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
In the above design method, the design method of the PDMS thickness specifically includes:
average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein, I BB (T, λ) represents the blackbody spectral emission intensity at temperature T, and ε (λ) represents the emissivity of the coating;
as shown in FIG. 1, in the mid-infrared part, a single Ag film layer and TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 The three layers of film have substantially uniform reflectivity, and the TiO layer is coated on the surface of the film 2 /Ag/TiO 2 Simplifying to a single-layer Ag film, selecting the thickness of the Ag film, and setting the thickness H of PDMS PDMS The thickness of the Ag film is changed within the same order of magnitude range, and the average emissivity of the atmospheric window is calculated
Further, the thickness of PDMS is selected.
More preferably, the thickness of the Ag film is 10 μm, and the thickness of PDMS is H PDMS The average emissivity of the atmosphere window is calculated by changing within the range of 10-100 mu m
As shown in FIG. 2, when the thickness of PDMS is H PDMS When the particle diameter is 50 μm, the particle diameter,
when PDMS thickness H PDMS Average emissivity of atmospheric window when continuously growing
The growth tends to be flat, so the thickness range of the selected PDMS is 50-100 μm; most preferred PDMS thickness H PDMS ＝50μm。
In the above design method, tiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 The design method of the thickness specifically comprises the following steps:
average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein, I AM1.5 (lambda) represents the AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) represent the spectral transmittance and reflectance of the coating respectively;
the thickness H of the Ag film is selected within the same order of magnitude range in the solar wave band Ag And TiO of upper and lower layers 2 Thickness H of 1 、H 2 Calculating the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations
And average visible light transmittance
In order to meet the daily lighting requirement of the minimum requirement, the average visible light transmittance is taken
Not less than 0.7, based on which the maximum is taken
Occurrence of H Ag 、H 1 、H 2 Respectively set to the thickness of Ag filmTiO of upper layer 2 Thickness of (2), lower layer TiO 2 Of (c) is used.
More preferably, the thickness H of the Ag film is selected at intervals of 5nm within the range of 5-30 nm in the solar light wavelength range in consideration of the error of the deposited nano-scale film Ag Selecting upper and lower layers of TiO at an interval of 10nm within the thickness range of 0-60 nm 2 Thickness H of 1 、H 2 Calculating the average solar reflectance at different thickness combinations
And average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittance
Not less than 0.7, based on which, as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum
Appear at H Ag ＝25nm，H 1 ＝H 2 And at the position of =40nm, the radiation refrigeration glass has the optimal radiation refrigeration performance under the condition of meeting the lighting requirement.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, two radiation refrigeration glasses with different structures of PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR are designed according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, wherein both PDMS and TiO are used as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and an emission coating respectively 2 /Ag/TiO 2 As a reflective coating, the spectral characteristic curves of the outer layer structure are kept consistent, and the reflective coating has high sunlight reflectivity, high visible light transmissivity and high atmospheric window emissivity. PDMS/Glass/NIR A reflective coating is placed on the innermost layer of Glass, its average emissivity
Average emissivity of outer atmospheric window
PDMS/NIR/Glass uses Glass as the innermost layer, and the average emissivity of the inner layer
Average emissivity of outer atmospheric window
The invention proves the influence of the inner layer emissivity of the radiation refrigeration glass on the temperature inside a building for opening and closing an air conditioning system, the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner layer emissivity is selected for the building without or with the air conditioning system indoors, the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner layer emissivity is selected for the building with the air conditioning system opened, and the purposes of cooling the inside of the building and saving refrigeration energy consumption are realized through bidirectional regulation and control of the inner side and the outer side radiation characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a single layer Ag film and TiO film in the mid-infrared region 2 /Ag/TiO 2 A reflectance map of the three layers of film;
FIG. 2 is a PDMS thickness H PDMS Average emissivity of atmosphere window
A graph of relationship changes of (1);
FIG. 3 is TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 Thickness H of Ag in (1) Ag And average visible light transmittance
And average solar reflectance
A graph of the relationship change of (2).
FIG. 4 shows PDMS (50 μm)/TiO 2 (40nm)/Ag(25nm)/TiO 2 Spectral characteristic curve of (40 nm)/Glass radiation refrigeration Glass;
FIG. 5 is a view of a radiation-cooled glass application with different emissivity of the inner layer, wherein: starting an air conditioning system model; (b) no or off air conditioning system model; (c) The experimental spectral characteristics of the inner side and the outer side of the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner layer emissivity are shown; (d) The experimental spectral characteristics of the inner side and the outer side of the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner layer emissivity are shown; (e) Starting the air conditioning system to change the internal temperature along with the emissivity of the inner layer; (f) The internal temperature of the air conditioning system is not changed or is closed, and the internal temperature is changed along with the emissivity of the inner layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
According to the invention, a Glass substrate with the thickness of 75mm multiplied by 75mm is selected as a substrate, and the NIR/Glass and Glass/NIR transparent reflective Glass is obtained by preparing a reflective coating through thermal evaporation coating. PDMS emissive coatings were prepared using a film coater to yield PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR transparent radiation-cooling glasses.
1. The thickness design method of the PDMS layer comprises the following steps:
average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein, I BB (T, λ) represents the blackbody spectral emission intensity at temperature T, and ε (λ) represents the emissivity of the coating;
as shown in FIG. 1, in the mid-infrared part, a single Ag film layer and TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 The three layers of film have substantially uniform reflectivity, and the TiO layer is coated on the surface of the film 2 /Ag/TiO 2 Simplifying into a single-layer Ag film, selecting the thickness of the Ag film as 10 mu m, coating PDMS with different thicknesses within the range of 10 mu m to 100 mu m, and calculating the average emissivity of the atmospheric window
It was found that the average emissivity of the atmospheric window increased gradually with increasing thickness of the PDMS layer, when H PDMS When the particle size is not less than 50 μm,
thereafter H PDMS To pair
Less influence, the growth tends to be flat, soThe optimum thickness of the PDMS layer was selected to be 50 μm.
2、TiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 The layer thickness design method comprises the following steps:
average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein, I AM1.5 (lambda) represents AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) respectively represent the spectral transmittance and the reflectivity of the coating;
in the solar wave band, the thickness error of the evaporated film layer is considered, the thickness H of the Ag film is selected within the range of 5-30 nm at intervals of 5nm Ag Selecting an upper TiO layer and a lower TiO layer at an interval of 10nm within the thickness range of 0-60 nm 2 Thickness H of 1 、H 2 Calculating the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations
And average visible light transmittance
For the energy-saving design of buildings, in order to meet the daily lighting requirement of the minimum requirement, the average visible light transmittance is generally required to be met
Not less than 0.7. When required
Not less than 0.7, maximum
Occurs in H Ag =25nm, PDMS (50 μm)/TiO optimized for the corresponding structure 2 (40nm)/Ag(25nm)/TiO 2 (40The spectral characteristic curve of the nm)/Glass radiation cooling Glass is shown in figure 4.
3. Application of radiation refrigeration glass with different inner layer emissivity
The refrigeration energy consumption of the building is not only influenced by the geographical position and the weather condition, but also influenced by the opening and closing of the indoor air conditioning system. In summer hot weather, for a building with an air conditioning system turned on, the temperature of the external structure (including a roof, a wall, a window and the like) of the building is high, the indoor temperature is low, the inner layer has low emissivity, and the radiation refrigerating glass with high reflectivity can reduce heat transfer to the interior of the building to the maximum extent and maintain the inner part at a low temperature, so that the refrigerating energy consumption is reduced, as shown in fig. 5 a; for a building without or with an air conditioning system turned off, the temperature of the external structure of the building is low, the temperature of indoor air is high, and the radiation refrigeration glass with high emissivity in the inner layer, namely high absorptivity, can improve the heat dissipation of the building from the indoor to the outdoor so as to achieve the effects of reducing the indoor temperature and saving refrigeration energy consumption, as shown in fig. 5 b. The radiation refrigeration glass with different structures is selected for different buildings, and is an effective strategy for reducing refrigeration energy consumption.
The invention designs two kinds of radiation refrigeration Glass with different structures of PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR, wherein PDMS is used as an emission coating, and TiO is used as a material for the radiation refrigeration Glass 2 /Ag/TiO 2 As a reflective coating, the outer layer structure has a uniform spectral profile, all having high solar reflectance, high visible light transmittance and high atmospheric window emissivity, as shown in fig. 5c and 5 d. PDMS/Glass/NIR reflective coatings are placed on the innermost layer of radiation-cooled Glass, the average emissivity of the inner layer
Average emissivity of outer atmospheric window
PDMS/NIR/Glass uses Glass substrate as the innermost layer of radiation-cooled Glass, and the average emissivity of the inner layer
Average emissivity of outer atmospheric window
In order to compare the refrigeration performance of the radiation refrigeration glass with different inner layer emissivity, the lower indoor temperature of the glass with different inner layer emissivity is calculated based on an energy conservation equation. The calculation result when the air conditioning system is started in the building is shown in fig. 5e, along with the reduction of the emissivity of the inner layer of the radiation refrigeration glass, the radiation heat exchange between the high-temperature radiation refrigeration glass and the inner wall of the low-temperature building is weakened, the loss of the cooling capacity in the system is reduced, the average internal temperature is reduced, and the highest temperature is gradually increased because the highest temperature of the system is the temperature of the radiation refrigeration glass. The calculation result when the air conditioning system is turned off in the building is shown in fig. 5f, and it can be known that as the emissivity of the inner layer of the radiation refrigeration glass increases, the radiation heat exchange between the low-temperature radiation refrigeration glass and the inner wall of the high-temperature building is enhanced, the heat dissipation of the system to the external environment is enhanced, and the maximum internal temperature and the average internal temperature are gradually reduced when the system is balanced. The calculation result proves the influence of the inner layer emissivity of the radiation refrigeration glass on the temperature inside the building for opening and closing the air conditioning system, the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner layer emissivity is selected for the building without or with the air conditioning system closed, and the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner layer emissivity is selected for the building with the air conditioning system opened, so that the purposes of cooling the inside of the building and saving refrigeration energy consumption are achieved.
Claims (5)
1. A method for designing radiation refrigeration glass with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics is characterized in that TiO is used 2 /Ag/TiO 2 As reflective layer, noted NIR; PDMS as the emission layer;
for a building without or with a closed refrigeration system in a room, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/NIR/Glass from outside to inside in sequence;
for a building with an indoor opening refrigeration system, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR from outside to inside in sequence.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein the design method of PDMS thickness is specifically as follows:
average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein, I BB (T, λ) represents the blackbody spectral emission intensity at temperature T, and ε (λ) represents the emissivity of the coating;
adding TiO into the mixture 2 /Ag/TiO 2 Simplifying to a single-layer Ag film, selecting the thickness of the Ag film, and setting the thickness H of PDMS PDMS The thickness of the Ag film is changed within the same order of magnitude range, and the average emissivity of the atmospheric window is calculated
Further, the thickness of PDMS is selected.
3. The design method of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the Ag film is 10 μm, and the thickness of the PDMS is H PDMS The average emissivity of the atmospheric window is calculated by changing within the range of 10-100 mu m
When PDMS thickness H PDMS Not less than 50 μm, average emissivity of atmospheric window
The growth tends to be flat, and the thickness of PDMS is selected to be in the range of 50-100 μm.
4. The design method according to claim 1, wherein TiO is used 2 /Ag/TiO 2 The design method of the thickness specifically comprises the following steps:
average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein, I AM1.5 (lambda) represents AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) respectively represent the spectral transmittance and the reflectivity of the coating;
the thickness H of the Ag film is selected within the same order of magnitude range in the solar wave band Ag And upper and lower layers of TiO 2 Thickness H of 1 、H 2 Calculating the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations
And average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittance
Not less than 0.7, based on which the maximum is taken
Occurrence of H Ag 、H 1 、H 2 Respectively set as the thickness of Ag film and the upper layer TiO 2 Thickness of, lower layer of TiO 2 Is measured.
5. The design method according to claim 4, wherein the thickness H of the Ag film is selected at intervals of 5nm in the solar wavelength range of 5-30 nm Ag Selecting upper and lower layers of TiO at an interval of 10nm within the thickness range of 0-60 nm 2 Thickness H of 1 、H 2 Calculating the average solar reflectance at different thickness combinations
And average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittance
Not less than 0.7, based on which
Occurs in H Ag ＝25nm，H 1 ＝H 2 At =40 nm.
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