CN115231623B - High-entropy metal oxide material, preparation method thereof and battery - Google Patents
High-entropy metal oxide material, preparation method thereof and battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-entropy metal oxide material, a preparation method thereof and a battery. The chemical general formula of the high-entropy metal oxide material is M 2 O 3 (AO 3 ) 6 Wherein A is one element of Mo or W; m is five or more elements in Al, ga, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn, co, ni, sb, bi, and the stoichiometric ratio of each element component is equal. The material has good rate capability, can perform high-rate discharge with the rate of more than 1C, has small discharge heat generation quantity, low battery temperature rise and small volume expansion, and is an electrode material with excellent performance. The material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery electrode materials, in particular to a high-entropy metal oxide material, a preparation method thereof and a battery.
Background
High entropy materials are recently developed material systems, which have been widely focused by researchers due to their special properties. The high-entropy metal oxide (HEO) is composed of five or more metal oxides in equimolar or nearly equimolar ratio, and the main elements are arranged in a disordered and disordered manner, so that the HEO has higher configurational entropy. Compared with the traditional metal oxide electrode material, the high-entropy metal oxide has higher thermal stability and smaller volume expansion, and can be used as the electrode material.
The conventional metal oxide electrode material mainly has the following problems:
(1) Poor conductivity and poor rate capability, e.g. MnO 2 Is only suitable for medium-low rate discharge below 1C;
(2) Large discharge heat generation and high temperature rise, such as MnO 2 The discharge temperature rise of the battery at 0.5C can reach 40 ℃, and the discharge temperature rise of the battery at 1C can reach more than 60 ℃, so that potential safety hazards exist;
(3) Bulk expansion, e.g. MnO 2 The volume expansion of the battery after 0.5C discharge can reach 20 percent, and the volume expansion of the battery after 1C discharge can reach 50 percent, so that the battery is easy to break, and the safety problem is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, a preparation method thereof and a battery, wherein the material has good rate capability, can perform medium-high rate discharge with the rate of more than 1C, has small discharge heat generation quantity, low battery temperature rise and small volume expansion, and is an electrode material with excellent performance. The material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a high entropy metal oxide material having the chemical formula:
M 2 O 3 (AO 3 ) 6
wherein A is one element of Mo or W;
m is five or more elements in Al, ga, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn, co, ni, sb, bi, and the stoichiometric ratio of each element component is equal.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, a is W, and M is five or more elements in Al, ga, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, M is five elements, and at most one of Al, ga and In can be contained.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, M is six elements, and at most two elements can be contained in Al, ga, in, Y.
The material belongs to triclinic system [ MO ] 6 ]Octahedron and [ AO ] 4 ]The tetrahedrons are alternately arranged to form a layered structure, and a large number of channels for lithium ion diffusion are contained between the layers, so that the material has good rate capability. In addition, the material has higher configuration entropy, good thermal stability, small discharge heat generation amount and low expansion rate.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the high entropy metal oxide material according to the first aspect of the present invention, including the steps of:
step 1: mixing the oxide of A with the oxide of M according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball-milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 10-40 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 300-550 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
step 4: heating to 550-800 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
step 5: heating to 800-1400 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 6-18 hours;
step 6: cooling to 450-700 deg.c and maintaining for 2-5 hr;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Based on the technical proposal, preferably, A is W,
in the step 3, the temperature is raised to 500-550 ℃;
in the step 4, the temperature is raised to 700-800 ℃;
in the step 5, the temperature is raised to 1100-1400 ℃;
in the step 6, the temperature is reduced to 600-700 ℃;
in a third aspect, the invention also provides a battery comprising the high entropy metal oxide material according to the first aspect of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The high-entropy metal oxide material provided by the invention has good rate capability, and can perform medium-high rate discharge of more than 1C;
(2) The high-entropy metal oxide material provided by the invention has small discharge heat generation amount, low battery temperature rise, 0.5C discharge temperature rise not more than 10 ℃, and 1C discharge temperature rise not more than 30 ℃;
(3) The high-entropy metal oxide material provided by the invention has low discharge expansion rate, the 0.5C discharge expansion rate is not more than 10%, and the 1C discharge expansion rate is not more than 15%;
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a high entropy metal oxide material prepared according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the high entropy metal oxide material prepared in example 1;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (V) 0.2 Cr 0.2 Mn 0.2 Fe 0.2 Co 0.2 ) 2 O 3 (MoO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: moO is carried out 3 Mixing the mixture with V, cr, mn, fe, co oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 10 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 5 hours;
step 4: heating to 550 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 5 hours;
step 5: heating to 800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 18 hours;
step 6: cooling to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Mixing the high-entropy metal oxide material prepared in the embodiment with a binder PVDF and a conductive agent SP according to the mass ratio of 90:5:5, adding a solvent NMP to prepare slurry, uniformly stirring, coating the slurry on an aluminum foil, and preparing a positive plate through procedures such as drying, rolling and cutting;
the positive electrode sheet, a diaphragm (PP with the thickness of 16 um) and a negative electrode sheet (lithium tape with the thickness of 200 um) are wound together to form an electrode group, the electrode group is packaged by an aluminum plastic film, and the soft package battery is prepared through the procedures of liquid injection (1 mol/L lithium perchlorate, EC: DME=1:1), sealing and the like.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (V) 0.143 Cr 0.143 Fe 0.143 Mn 0.14 3 Co 0.143 Ni 0.143 Sb 0.143 ) 2 O 3 (MoO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: moO is carried out 3 Mixing the mixture with V, cr, fe, mn, co, ni, sb oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 15 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 325 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 4: heating to 570 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 5: heating to 845 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15 hours;
step 6: cooling to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Positive electrode sheets and batteries were prepared as in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (V) 0.125 Cr 0.125 Fe 0.125 Mn 0.12 5 Co 0.125 Ni 0.125 Sb 0.125 Bi 0.125 ) 2 O 3 (MoO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: moO is carried out 3 Mixing the mixture with V, cr, fe, mn, co, ni, sb, bi oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 20 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 350 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 4: heating to 590 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 5: heating to 890 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 12 hours;
step 6: cooling to 550 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Positive electrode sheets and batteries were prepared as in example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (Al) 0.2 V 0.2 Cr 0.2 Fe 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) 2 O 3 (WO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: WO is incorporated into 3 Mixing the mixture with Al, V, cr, fe, mn oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 30 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 4: heating to 700 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 5: heating to 1100 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 9 hours;
step 6: cooling to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Positive electrode sheets and batteries were prepared as in example 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (Al) 0.143 In 0.143 Y 0.143 V 0.143 Cr 0.143 Fe 0.143 Mn 0.143 ) 2 O 3 (WO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: WO is incorporated into 3 Mixing the mixture with Al, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 40 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 4: heating to 800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 5: heating to 1400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 6 hours;
step 6: cooling to 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Positive electrode sheets and batteries were prepared as in example 1.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a high-entropy metal oxide material, which has a chemical formula as follows: (Al) 0.143 In 0.143 Y 0.143 V 0.143 Cr 0.143 Fe 0.143 Mn 0.143 ) 2 O 3 (WO 3 ) 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: WO is incorporated into 3 Mixing the mixture with Al, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn oxide according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 40 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 520 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 4: heating to 750 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 5: raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 6 hours;
step 6: cooling to 650 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
Positive electrode sheets and batteries were prepared as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
By electrolysis of MnO 2 Instead of the high-entropy metal oxide material as the positive electrode material, a positive electrode sheet and a battery were prepared as in example 1.
Testing
The thickness of the soft pack batteries prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 was measured.
The temperature sensors were attached to the surfaces of the soft pack batteries prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1, after which the batteries were wrapped with a heat insulating material, discharged at 0.2C and 1C, the discharge capacity, temperature rise (Δt) and thickness after discharge of the batteries were tested, and the discharge capacity retention rate and expansion rate of 1C were calculated, and the test data are shown in table 1.
1C discharge capacity retention = (1C discharge capacity/0.2C discharge capacity) ×100%
Expansion ratio= (post-discharge thickness/pre-discharge thickness-1) ×100%
Table 1 test data statistics table
From the above data, the 1C discharge capacity retention rate of examples 1 to 5 was 70% or more on average, while the 1C discharge capacity retention rate of comparative example 1 was only 39.6%, indicating that the high-entropy metal oxide material provided by the present invention has good rate capability.
The 1C discharge temperature rises of examples 1-5 are all below 30 ℃, while the temperature of comparative example 1 is as high as 60 ℃, indicating that the high entropy metal oxide materials provided by the present invention have lower discharge temperature rises than conventional metal oxide materials.
The 1C discharge expansion ratios of examples 1 to 5 were 15% or less on average, whereas the expansion ratio of comparative example 1 was as high as 55.7%, and the battery had been severely deformed, with safety hazards.
In summary, the 1C discharge capacity retention rate, the temperature rise and the expansion rate of examples 1-5 are all substantially better than those of the comparative examples, which indicates that the high-entropy metal oxide material provided by the invention has good electrochemical properties.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high entropy metal oxide material characterized by: the chemical general formula of the high-entropy metal oxide material is as follows:
M 2 O 3 (AO 3 ) 6
wherein A is one element of Mo or W;
m is five or more elements in Al, ga, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn, co, ni, sb, bi, and the stoichiometric ratio of each element component is equal.
2. The high entropy metal oxide material of claim 1, wherein: a is W, M is five or more elements in Al, ga, in, Y, V, cr, fe, mn.
3. The high entropy metal oxide material of claim 1 or 2, wherein: m is five elements, and at most one of Al, ga and In can be contained.
4. The high entropy metal oxide material of claim 1 or 2, wherein: m is six elements, and at most two elements can be contained in Al, ga, in, Y.
5. The method for preparing a high entropy metal oxide material according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing the oxide of A with the oxide of M according to the required stoichiometric proportion, and ball-milling to obtain a precursor;
step 2: pressing the precursor into a preform at a pressure of 10-40 Mpa;
step 3: placing the preform in a muffle furnace, heating to 300-550 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
step 4: heating to 550-800 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
step 5: heating to 800-1400 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 6-18 hours;
step 6: cooling to 450-700 deg.c and maintaining for 2-5 hr;
step 7: cooling to below 50 ℃, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the high-entropy metal oxide material.
6. The method for preparing a high entropy metal oxide material according to claim 5, wherein: a is W, and is a group of C,
in the step 3, the temperature is raised to 500-550 ℃;
in the step 4, the temperature is raised to 700-800 ℃;
in the step 5, the temperature is raised to 1100-1400 ℃;
and in the step 6, the temperature is reduced to 600-700 ℃.
7. A battery, characterized in that: comprising the high entropy metal oxide material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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